This document presents a research model aimed at determining the causal effects of teacher expectations in physical education, building upon previous descriptive research. It outlines a three-step methodology to analyze how teacher expectations influence student interactions and outcomes, including interventions for training teachers. The main argument emphasizes the need for a more definitive understanding of the relationship between teacher expectations and student performance.

1. Martinek, T. J., & Karper, W. B. (1983). A
research model for determining causal
effects of teacher expectations in
physical education instruction. Quest,
35(2), 155-168.
Renee Brown
Adam Keath

2. Description of a Research Prototype
• Self fulfilling prophecy research
– Previous research has been descriptive/correlational
in nature, only showing that teacher expectations do
exist and often add variability to student outcomes.
• Causal Connections
– Establish causal connections in expectation research
– Help identify effective teaching strategies to
counteract negative outcomes from teacher
expectancy

3. Significance?
• The Causal Model
– Development of a model to determine the effects
of expectation in physical education
– Builds upon proposed models by Rosenshine and
Furst (1973) and Kerman (1979)

4. Three Step Model
• Step 1: “Determine, descriptively, why teachers form
expectations about their students and how these
expectations may affect teacher-student interactions and
student growth.” (Martinek & Karper,1983, pp 156)
• Step 2: Teachers in one group receive in service training
based on results of descriptive expectations. While a
second group of teachers (control) receive no intervention.
• Step 3: Determine causal relationships and compare
findings to see if how expectations and outcomes align for
the two groups.

5. Analysis Methods
• Primary concern: What is the best method of
answering the research question with simple
clarity.
• Quantitative or Qualitative:
– Teacher
– Student outcome data
– Teacher expectations

6. Main Argument
• There is a relationship between teacher expectation
and student outcome.
• There is not enough descriptive research to identify the
cause of this relationship.
• Develop a research model to provide more definitive
information on the link between cause and effect of
teacher expectancy research.

7. Draft Picks
A B C D E
F G H I J

8. Questions?
• How did the information on this article affect
your attitude during the activity?

9. Takeaways
• Renee
• Adam