Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was an 18th century Swiss educator who believed that education was a human right and should be available to all. He felt that education should focus on the interests and needs of children by providing a nurturing environment. Pestalozzi emphasized allowing children to learn through their own self-activity and exploration rather than just receiving answers. He promoted a holistic education of the head, heart and hands with a focus on developing skills like math, geography, language, music and physical education. Pestalozzi's student-centered approaches to education had significant influence on later educational thinkers and helped establish education as a democratic institution.

1. Pestalozzi

2. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was born in 1746 in Zürich, Switzerland
and died in 1827 in Brugg, Switzerland.
https://jhpestalozzi.org/

3. Part # 1
Education is a human right

4. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi believed in the ability of every
individual human being to learn and in the right of every
individual to education.
He believed that it was the duty of society to put this right into
practice. His beliefs led to education becoming democratic. In
Europe, education became available for everyone.
https://jhpestalozzi.org/

5. Pestalozzi was influenced by the philosopher Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, whose writings on social justice and education
had a significant impact.
https://www.houseofswitzerland.org/swissstories/society/global-heritage-johann-heinrich-pestalozzi-father-modern-education

6. Part # 2
Focus on needs children have

7. Due to the contributions of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, more
importance was put in education on the interests and
needs of children.
https://jhpestalozzi.org/

8. Pestalozzi envisioned schools that were homelike institutions.
He believed children need an emotionally secure
environment as the setting for successful learning.
https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2319/Pestalozzi-Johann-1746-1827.html

9. Kindness ruled in Pestalozzi’s schools.
https://infed.org/mobi/johann-heinrich-pestalozzi-pedagogy-education-and-social-justice/

10. Part # 2
Self-activity

11. Pestalozzi placed a special emphasis on spontaneity and self-activity.
Children should not be given ready-made answers but should arrive at
answers themselves. To do this their own powers of seeing, judging and
reasoning should be cultivated, their self-activity encouraged.
https://infed.org/mobi/johann-heinrich-pestalozzi-pedagogy-education-and-social-justice/

12. Pestalozzi perceived education as a form of action which allows
each person to recognize his own individuality
and made a creative work of himself.
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/sites/default/files/pestaloe.PDF

13. Pestalozzi designed lessons, by which children examined minerals,
plants, and animals and human-made artifacts found in their
environment.
On guided field trips, children explored the surrounding countryside -
observing the local natural environment, topography
and economy.
https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2319/Pestalozzi-Johann-1746-1827.html

14. Pestalozzi wanted the school to combine education with work.
The school was to be a production unit so that children could finance
their own learning.
In doing so, they would be under no obligation to anyone. Furthermore,
the school could be free from state interference.
https://infed.org/mobi/johann-heinrich-pestalozzi-pedagogy-education-and-social-justice/

15. The energy, persistence and courage of Johann Heinrich
Pestalozzi - sometimes during periods of political upheaval and war
- provided a foundation and inspiration for later educationalists
such as Maria Montessori.
https://www.houseofswitzerland.org/swissstories/society/global-heritage-johann-heinrich-pestalozzi-father-modern-education

16. Part # 4
Education of the head,
the heart and the hands

17. Pestalozzi believed in the importance of an all-round education,
an education of the head, the heart and the hands -
but which is led by the heart.
https://jhpestalozzi.org/

18. Since the goal of education is to educate the whole child by balancing
between hands, heart, and head, Pestalozzi argued that the knowledge
and skills that are most important to learn are: Arithmetic, geography,
science, music, drawing, language, and physical education.
https://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Pestalozzi.html

19. Pestalozzi saw arithmetic as the most important skill to
learn because it is based on sensory experience. For example,
he encouraged mothers to let their children count objects
found in the home.
https://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Pestalozzi.html

20. Pestalozzi believed that music would be the key to a moral
education because in his words “music speaks to the heart”.
https://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Pestalozzi.html

21. Pestalozzi saw physical education as important. He
believed that physical capacity was extremely important in
making children flexible and strong.
https://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Pestalozzi.html