This document provides information about the skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It describes the structure and function of bones, joints, muscle fibers, the heart, blood vessels, lungs and related components. It also explains how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide during physical activity. Examples are given of different types of muscular contractions and actions at joints that occur during various activities.
The musculoskeletal system Anatomy and physiologykajal chandel
The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and muscles, which form a framework for the body. Tendons, ligaments and fibrous tissue bind the structures together to create stability, with ligaments connecting bone to bone, and tendons connecting muscle to bone.
The musculoskeletal system Anatomy and physiologykajal chandel
The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and muscles, which form a framework for the body. Tendons, ligaments and fibrous tissue bind the structures together to create stability, with ligaments connecting bone to bone, and tendons connecting muscle to bone.
Examine skin, bones and muscle histologyNelsStewart
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The primary component of the integumentary system, skin, is a large organ that provides protection to the body. Muscles and bones are located beneath the skin.
![BTEC Level 2: Sport – Extended Certificate<br />Unit 4<br />Anatomy & Physiology for Sport<br />P1 – Describe the structure and function of the skeletal system<br />Structure and Function of the Human SkeletonMajor functionsSupport:Movement:Protection:Blood Production:Mineral storage:Axial SkeletonAppendicular SkeletonDifferences between the male and female skeleton<br />Describe the gross anatomy and cellular structure of bone:<br />There are five types of bones in the human body: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.<br />95186565405<br />Describe each in the space below and give examples in the human body.<br />Long bones: <br />Short bones: <br />Flat bones:<br />Irregular bones:<br />Sesamoid bones: <br />2914650333375P2 – Describe the different classifications of joints<br />530542511493516192557785 <br /> <br /> Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial<br />FibrousCartilaginousSynovial<br />Describe the 6 types of synovial joints and explain the movement available at each joint<br />Joint TypeExample(s)Description of the jointSporting exampleBall and SocketHingePivotCondyloidSaddleGliding<br />M1 – Explain the movements occurring at two synovial joints during 4 different types of activity<br />D1 - analyse the musculoskeletal actions occurring at four synovial joints during four different types of physical activity<br />ActivitySynovial Joints Actions (M1)Muscular Action (D1)6413577470HipKneeElbowAnkleHipKneeElbowShoulderHipKneeElbowAnkleShoulderElbowKneeAnkle<br />885825333375P3 – Identify the location of the major muscles in the human body<br />P4 – Describe / Explain / Analyse the types and function of muscle tissue in the body<br />,[object Object],-9525101600<br />,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pesharecouk-shared-resource2066-110919093245-phpapp02/85/PEShare-co-uk-Shared-Resource-1-320.jpg)
![Structure and functionStriated / Skeletal12382517145<br />Muscle Fibres<br />there are three different types of skeletal muscle in humans<br />the most important characteristics to distinguish between the three types are:<br />force of the contraction<br />speed of the contraction<br />endurance<br />Describe the characteristics of each fibre type and give an example of when it would be used in sport:<br />Slow Twitch (Type I)<br />Fast Twitch (Type IIa)<br />Fast Twitch (Type IIb)<br />M2 – give examples of three different types of muscular contraction relating to three different types of physical activity<br />IsokineticIsometricIsotonic<br />-1905033655049339503365502552700336550<br />P5 – Describe the structure and function of the Cardiovascular system<br />Diagram of heart anatomyRed indicates oxygenated blood flowBlue indicates deoxygenated blood flow<br />,[object Object],Structure and function of blood vessels<br />Endothelial cells: Tunica media:Tunica interna:Tunica externa:Tunica media:Tunica interna:Tunica externa:<br />The main functions of the circulatory system can be explained as follows:<br />Transport of respiratory gases: <br />Transport of nutrients:<br />Transport of metabolic wastes:<br />Transport of metabolites: <br />Immunological functions: <br />Transport of hormonal messengers: <br />Thermoregulation: <br />Repair damage: <br />470535034290Explanation of the components and functions of blood<br />Red Blood Cells:<br />White Blood Cells:<br />Plasma:<br />Platelets:<br />P6 – Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system<br />Nasal Cavity:Pharynx:Larynx:Trachea:Bronchi:Bronchioles:Diaphragm:<br />The role of thoracic respiratory muscles during exercise:Alveoli and Gaseous Exchange:-2000252371725<br />M3 / D2 - Evaluate how the cardiovascular system and respiratory system work together to supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide<br />](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)