The document discusses various lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, diet, stress, cardiovascular disease, and sleep and their effects on health and fitness. It provides details on how insufficient physical activity, smoking, poor diet, high stress levels, and lack of sleep can negatively impact cardiovascular health and increase disease risk. The document also explores strategies for stress management and describes different cardiovascular diseases and their association with exercise.

1. Lifestyle factors and their
effect on health and fitness
Physical activity/inactivity
Smoking
Diet
Stress
Cardiovascular disease
Sleep

2. Lifestyle factors and their
effect on health and fitness
By the end of this session you
should be able to begin to
evaluate the impact of lifestyle
choices on health and fitness

3. Physical activity/inactivity
More than 60% popn. worldwide not
sufficiently active
In UK only 35% men and 24% women meet
government guidelines of 30 mins moderate
activity 5 days a week
In UK 21% men and 26% women are doing
less than one session of 30 mins every four
weeks Source: WHO

4. Effects of smoking
Impaired transport of oxygen in blood due
to carbon monoxide – can reduce VO2max
by up to 10%
Greater airway resistance through the
narrowing of air passages which become
irritated and inflamed – causes coughing
and excess mucous secretion

5. What’s in a cigarette?

6. Diet
What do you think would make up a
healthy diet?

7. A balanced diet

8. Causes of stress
External stressors Internal stressors
Work Unrealistic
Relationships expectations
Social Low self-esteem
Environment Pessimism
Uncertainty or worries
Feeling you are unable
to meet the
demands of the
environment

9. Impact of stress
Physical effects Emotional effects
Coronary heart disease Depression
(CHD) Anxiety
Hypertension Eating disorders
Irritable bowel syndromeSubstance abuse
(IBS)
Obesity
Ulcers
Infertility
Dermatological conditions

10. Combating stress
Be aware of and acknowledge stressors
Exercise
Relaxation techniques
Sleep well
Eat healthily
Time management
Support network
Set SMARTER goals

11. SMARTER goals
Specific
Measurable
Agreed
Realistic
Time framed
Exciting
Recorded

12. Cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis – laying down of fatty
deposits in arteries
CHD – may lead to angina pectoris
(coronary thrombosis) or myocardial
infarction (heart attack)
Cerebral infarction (stroke)
Hypertension

13. Role of exercise
Reduces risk of CV disease by 30%
Regular vasoconstriction and vasodilation
can prevent arteries from hardening and
losing elasticity
Reduces level of fatty deposits and
cholesterol levels
Reduces body fat and strain upon CV system
Increases breakdown of blood glucose and
reduces blood sugar content

14. Sleep
Increased blood pressure and heart rate
Increased risk of CV disease
Weight gain due to increased appetite
Impaired motor function
Mood swings/motivation to train
Higher perceived exertion rates
Impaired memory function

15. Homework
Describe the cardiovascular diseases and their
effect on health and fitness
Describe and explain the independent and
dependent risk factors of developing a CV disease
Glossary of key terms