The document discusses the three energy systems in the body - the alactic acid system, lactic acid system, and aerobic system. It explains how each system works, including how carbohydrates and fats are broken down to produce ATP for energy and muscle contraction. Specific sports are linked to each energy system based on their duration and oxygen requirements, with the alactic acid system lasting 10-15 seconds, the lactic acid system dominating shorter anaerobic exercise, and the aerobic system fueling longer aerobic activities.

1. Energy Systems Young Apprentice in Sport

2. Aims and Objectives To introduce learners to the three energy systems within the body, and to become familiar with how energy is produced. All of you will be able to list the three energy systems within the body. All of you will be able to recite the difference between aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. All of you will be able to link at least 1 sport to each energy system. Most of you will be able to explain what ATP is. Most of you will be able to explain why one energy system is predominant in one sport. Some of you will be able to explain why each energy system is predominant in each sport.

3. Energy for Exercise The food is broken down into soluble chemicals (e.g. glucose ) by digestion in the gut . The soluble chemicals pass through the gut wall into the blood . The blood carries the soluble food chemicals to all of the body’s cells , where they will be used for: Energy Growth Repair Food is the source of energy for the human body and it also provides nutrients for growth and repair.

4. Making Energy Available to the Cells of the Body The muscles of the body use both carbohydrates and fats to produce energy. The following diagram shows how carbohydrates are used .

5. The muscles of the body use both carbohydrates and fats to produce energy. The following diagram shows how carbohydrates are used. Making Energy Available to the Cells of the Body Carbohydrates in the form of starch gained from foods such as pasta, bread and potatoes are eaten. The starch is digested in the gut and turned into glucose molecules. The glucose enters the small intestine where it passes into the blood.

6. ADENOSINE TRI-PHOSPHATE (ATP) This is a chemical which is vital for muscle contraction. Without ATP muscle contraction cannot go on. The body only has enough ATP for 1 explosive act After this there is no ATP left. Muscle Contraction cannot take place. Therefore physical activity can no longer continue.

7. How ATP is used The human body uses three types of energy systems during exercise Anaerobic Aerobic Alactic Acid System Lactic Acid System The Aerobic System

8. Task In groups using the information sheets design a short presentation explaining the energy system to the rest of the group. Try to answer the following questions: What energy source is used to fuel Muscle Contraction? i.e. Is the system aerobic or anaerobic? How long can this energy system last in supplying the energy needed to continue? What sports or sports activities may use this energy system? 10 minutes

9. THE Alactic Acid System ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE(ADP) + CREATINE PHOSPHATE = ATP (ENERGY) This system is extremely efficient It does not need oxygen It leaves no waste products HOWEVER WE ARE ONLY ABLE TO USE THIS FOR ABOUT 10-15 SECONDS BEFORE THIS SYSTEM RUNS OUT. http:// uk.youtube.com/watch?v =0rTeKJUenzg

10. LACTIC ACID SYSTEM ADP + GLUCOSE = ATP (ENERGY) When Creatine Phosphate runs out, the muscles call upon the stores of GLUCOSE ( Glycogen ). But there is a side effect with this type of energy system. A waste product called PYRUVIC ACID is produced. This in itself is OK if levels of activity are reduced to enable this Pyruvic Acid to be broken down by OXYGEN into CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER. However, if levels of activity are not reduced and not enough oxygen is being breathed in, then this Pyruvic Acid is not broken down and converts into LACTIC ACID. http:// uk.youtube.com/watch?v =OD4OUTXvtRU

11. Anaerobic respiration involves the release of a little energy, very quickly from the incomplete breakdown of glucose without using oxygen , inside the cells. 1. Glucose is made available by the breakdown of glycogen stored in the working muscles. 2. The glucose is used by the muscles of the body to produce energy, without the use of oxygen. 3. This process creates lactic acid, which passes back into the blood for removal. Anaerobic – Without Oxygen The Process of Anaerobic Respiration Glucose Energy for muscles to contract and create movement Lactic Acid

12. THE AEROBIC SYSTEM ( glucose, fats, oxygen ) This system is used during lower levels of activity when there is enough energy being delivered to the working muscles to clear away ALL the Pyruvic Acid. At lower levels of activity FATS can be used as a muscle fuel. This preserves its stores of GLUCOSE for as long as possible. As a general rule, the more intense the activity, the more GLUCOSE is used instead of FAT. YouTube - Ironman Triathlon with Type 1 diabetes

13. Aerobic Respiration – With Oxygen 1. Glucose and oxygen are transported to the working muscles by the blood. Aerobic respiration involves the release of energy from the slow breakdown of glucose using oxygen , inside the cells. 2. Glucose and oxygen are then used by the muscles of the body to produce energy. 3. This process creates carbon dioxide and water . 4. The carbon dioxide passes back into the blood for removal. The Process of Aerobic Respiration Energy for Muscles to contract and create Movement Water Carbon Dioxide Glucose Oxygen

14. The Energy Systems

15. Task Using the handout discuss and label as many sports as you can think of and place them suited the energy system that will be used. Example 100 metre sprint – Alactic Acid System

16. Final Questions Can you list the three energy systems within the body. Can you recite the difference between aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. Explain what ATP is. Can you link at least 1 sport to each energy system. Can you explain why one energy system is predominant in one sport. Can you explain why each energy system is predominant in each sport.