This document provides an overview of the concept of personality, including definitions, theories, formation and development, structure, factors, types, traits, self-concept, self-esteem, and measurement. It discusses traditional beliefs about personality being inherited and changing with the body. It defines personality as a distinctive pattern of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. Theories discussed include psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, and trait theories. The document outlines the scope and provides information on various aspects of personality.

1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE BENEFICIENT THE MERCIFUL

2. Presented by
Wing Commander Rumana Akter,psc
Bangladesh Air Force
rumana_aref@yahoo.com

3. Selfness in an essential
fact of life. The thought
of non-selfness, precise
sameness, is terrifying

4. Traditional Belief
 Personality is inherited
 Personality traits accompany certain
 Physical traits
 Changes automatically in accompany
with Body changes
 Follows Law of compensation of nature

5. Misconception of Personality
 He Doesn’t Have Any Personality
 He Has a Wonderful Personality
 I Do not Like His Personality

6. The Aim of This Presentation Is to Highlight The
Concept of Personality And Related Issues

7. SCOPE
 Definition of Personality
 Personality Formation and Development
 Structure of Personality
 Factors of Personality
 Theories of Personality
 Types of Personality
 PersonalityTraits & It’sType
 The Concept of Self
 Self-esteem
 Personality Measurement
 Conclusion

8. Basic idea of personality

9. “Personality” : Derived from the medieval
Latin word “personalitas” meaning 'of a
person”
“Personality comes from the Greek word
“Persona”. meaning “Mask”

12. Definition of Personality
Personality is a distinctive and
relatively stable pattern of behavior,
thoughts, motives and emotions that
characterizes an individual.

13. Definition of Personality
Personality is a dynamic
organization within the individual of
those psychophysical system that
determine his unique adjustment to
his environment

14. Definition of personality
 Dynamic organization
 Psychophysical system
 Unique adjustment
 Environment

16. Characterization of Personality
a. The Physical properties and
temperament
b. Intelligence and other abilities
c. Interests and values
d. Motivational and emotional
dispositions
e. Expressive style

17. The Physical Properties.
 Physical built-up
 Body size
 Height
 Strength
If a person is unusually tall or short, this will
affect his personality.
The bodily appearance also goes to build up
one’s personality.
If he is ugly or pretty it will affect his/her
personality

18. Intelligence & other abilities
 If a person is of below average
intelligence he will get a very low score in
his personality rating

19. Interests and values
 Personality is said to be reflected in the
kinds of things one likes or dislikes
 Choices, passion, hobbies lead a
person to build up his/her personality

20. Temperament
 Temperament is a person’s characteristic
mood of behaviour
 A person may be hot-tempered or cool-
tempered.
 Person’s temperament, may be
influenced by certain inherited
physiological patterns

21. Expressive Style.
 Expressive styles are commonly
revealed in interaction with other
people.
 A person may display any or more
characteristics: politeness,
talkativeness, consistency, hesitancy,
sociability etc.

22. Motivational and Emotional Dispositions
 A person’s level of activity, aspiration,
achievement motive, and emotional
disposition-all go to constitute his personality
 An energetic person with a high
achievement motivation will be rated as
having a superior personality
 A lazy lethargic person with a very limited
life goal will be assessed as having inferior
personality.

25. Theories of Personality
Psychodynamic Theory
Jung’s and Adler’s Theory
Erikson’s Theory
Behavioral Theory
Humanistic Theory

26. Theories of Personality
 BiologicalTheories
 BehaviouralTheories
 PsychodynamicTheories
 HumanistTheories
 Trait Theories

27. The structure of personality
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

28. 28
Psychodynamic Perspective
Freud’s clinical
experience led him to
develop the first
comprehensive theory
of personality which
included, the
unconscious mind,
psychosexual stages
and defense
mechanisms. Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
Culver
Pictures

29. Major Stages of Personality
Development
 The Early Childhood( Birth- 5/6 years)
 The Period of Latency( 6-11)
 The Period of Adolescent( 12-19)
 Adulthood

30. Level of consciousness
Conscious level
Preconscious level
Unconscious level

31. 31
Model of Mind
The mind is like an iceberg. Mostly hidden and
below the surface lies the unconscious mind.
The preconscious, stores temporary memories.

32. Level of consciousness

33. Structure of personality
 Id
 Ego
 Superego

34. Id
 In Freud’s theory, the portion of
personality concerned with
immediate gratification of primitive
needs
 It follows the pleasure principle

35. Ego
 In Freud’s theory, the part of
personality that takes account of
external reality
 It follows the reality principle

36. Superego
According to Freud, the portion of
personality representing the
conscious
It follows the morale principle

38. The Theories of Personality
 Remond .B. Cattle:
He believes that many important aspects of
personality can be understood through the
combination of two dimensions:
-- Extraversion / Introversion.
-- Stable/ Unstable (Sometimes called
Normal/ Neurotic)

39. UNSTABLE
Touchy
Restless
Aggressive
Excitable
Changeable
Impulsive ,
Optimistic,
Active
Sociable,
Outgoing
Talkative,
Responsive
Easygoing,
Lively
Carefree,
Leadership
Stable
Moody ,
Anxious
Rigid ,
Sober,
Pessimistic
Reserved ,
Unsociable
Quiet
INTROVERTED
Passive
Careful
Thoughtful
Peaceful
Controlled
Reliable
Even-tempered
Calm
melancholic
phlegmatic
choleric
sanguine
EXTRAVERSION

41. Types of personality

44. Personality Type “A”

45. Personality Type “A”
 Quick at studies
 Speak clearly
 Often have strict and twisted face
 Not satisfied about their job
 Try to get higher position
 They are ambitious
 Try a lot to win in any situation
 Like to dominate the opponent

46. Personality Type “B”

47. Personality Type “B”
 They are seen with favourable
 They seldom interfere or interrupts others'
speech
 Their face seems calm and friendly.
 Competence is not important for them
 Not usually ambitious from the work
 Method of conversation is calm and with
pausing

48. Personality Type “C”

49. Personality Type “C”
 Love discovering new things
 They are interested in details.
 They seem calm and do not like to dominate
or impose the opponent.
 They are introvert and like their physical
exercise and seem pragmatist.
 People in this group have often mental stress
and depression.

50. Personality Type “D”

51. Personality Type “D”
 They are stressed and get angry more than
others
 They don't feel comfortable with others.
 They are social and like to communicate with
others but they fear that their behaviour will
not be accepted by others
 They have less self-esteem

53. Value Type
Each person has some sort of unifying
philosophy of life, a dominant value
Spranger (1928) classified all people into six
category:
 TheTheoretical
 The Economic
 The Aesthetic
 The Social
 The Political And
 The Religious

54. DEFINITION OF TRAIT
 Trait maybe defined as “ relatively
endurable psychological characteristics
within an individual which is
inherited or acquired.”

55. KINDS OF TRAITS
 Cardinal traits
 Central traits
 Secondary traits

56. NUMBER OF TRAITS
Allport and Odbert made a gigantic list

57. SELF- CONCEPT
 Concept of the Self.
 According to James, a person self is the "sum
total of all that he can call his".
 It is composite of a person's thought, feelings,
strivings and hopes, fears and fantasies, his view
of what he is - what he has been - what he might
become and his attitudes pertaining to his worth.
 The concept of the self is referred as the
 "KEY STONE OF PERSONALITY"

58. SELF- CONCEPT
 The Basic Self Concept. It is the person's
concept of what he really is - not as he would
like to be.
 TheTransitory Self Concept This type of
self concept is hold for a time. It is momentary
and are generally influenced by some passing
mood or emotional state or by a recent
experience, .

59. SELF- CONCEPT
 The Social Self Concept. Depends on
how others perceive the individual. It is
derived from social interaction.
 The Ideal Self Concept. It is made up of
perception of what a person aspires to
be and what he believes he ought to be.
It may be related to the physical self
image or the psychological self image or
both.

60. How different environment influences, within and outside the
home, that affect the developing self-concept is given below:
a. Parents' expectations.
b, Attitudes towards members of the family.
c. Physical state of the child.
d. Biological maturation (early - average - late).
e. Impact of radio & TV.
f., School opportunities.
g. School demands.
h. Religious affiliation.
j. Opinion of peers.
k. Family economic problems.
l. Family personal problems.
m. Attitude toward peers.
SELF-CONCEPT

61. THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE ON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-CONCEPT IN ADOLESCENCE
Adolescent
Self-concept
Parents
expectations
Attitude
towards peers
Impact of
media &TV
opportunities
Authority
demands
Religious
affiliation
Family
personal
problems
Opinion of
peers
Family
economic
problems
Biological
maturation
Physical state of
the adolescent
Attitude of the
members of
family

62. Self esteem
 Webster’s define self-esteem as: belief
in oneself: self-respect.
 Self-esteem is the combination of self-
confidence and self respect-the
conviction that you are competent to
cope with life’s challenges

63. People with high self-esteem.
a. Hold them as worthy to be loved and to love others.
b. Have a productive personality.
c. Are capable of being creative.
d. Optimistic in their approach to life.
e. Are leaders and are skillful in dealing with people.
f. Accept the responsibility and consequences
g. They are altruistic.
h. They have healthy coping skills.
j. Look to the future with excitement, and optimism.
k. They are goal oriented.

64. People with low self-esteem
Consider themselves lost
Poor risk takers
Fear of refection
Unassertive and fearful
Expects others approved
Irrational beliefs/ thinking
Gets emotionally stacked and immobilized
Limited insight as regards to own strengths and
weaknesses
Prone to despair and depression
Over reaction / attitude of vengeance
 Are vulnerable to mental health problem
Likely to become alcoholics/drug
addicts/gambler/inappropriate sex practices.

65. How does healthy self-esteem
originate?
 Healthy self-esteem originates in the environment
found in the: family, school, peer group, work place
and community.
a. Unconditional warmth, love and caring.
b. Acceptance for who they are
c. Good communication being listened to and
responded to in a healthy way

66. How does healthy self-esteem
originate?
d. Recognition and acceptance
e. Clearly defined and enforced limits
f. Respect and latitude for individual action
g. Establish freedom within the structure
h. Bonding

69. • Genetic Factors
• Social Factors
• Personal Factors
• Urban & Rural Environment
• Academic Environment
• Cultural Effect
• Family Influence
SOCIAL FACTORS
• Emotion
• Success & Failure
• Social Acceptance
• Status Symbol.
• Attitude & Temperament
PERSONAL FACTORS
• Physical Features
• Body size
• Motor Ability
• Aptitude, Intelligence
GENETIC FACTORS

71. EFFECT OF HEREDITYAND ENVIRONMENT
ON
PERSONALITY

72. PERSONALITY ENVIRONMENT
HEREDITY
= X

73. THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT

74. STORY OF FERAL CHILD

75. AMOLA AND KAMOLA
FERAL CHILD

76. FERAL CHILD

77. FERAL CHILD

78. FERAL CHILD

79. FERAL CHILD

80. FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENT
FAMILY SOCIETY
FATHER
MOTHER
SIBLING
SCHOOL
OTHER MEMBERS
PEER GROUP
CULTURE
RELEGION
MASS MEDIA

82. Tests to Measure Personality
 ObjectiveTest.
 ProjectiveTest.
 Controlled Observation

83. Tests to measure personality
ObjectiveTest : Inventories or
questions used to
assess various
aspect of personality

84. Objective Test
 Inventories or questions used to assess
various aspect of personality:
 Army AlfaTest
 Army BetaTest
 MMPI (Minnesota Multiphase Personality
Inventory )
 EPPS ( Edward Personal preference
Schedule)
 A-V-L study ofValues (AllportVernon
Lindzey)

85. Projective Test
 Test in which responders are exposed to
ambiguous stimuli, their interpretations of
this stimuli yield information about various
aspects of their personalities.
 Rorsehach Ink BlotTest
 TAT (Thematic ApperceptionTest)

86. 86
ThematicApperception Test
(TAT)
Developed by Henry Murray (around 1935), TAT is
a projective test in which people express their inner
feelings and interests through the stories they make
up about ambiguous scenes.
Lew
Merrim/
Photo
Researcher,
Inc.

87. 87
Rorschach Inkblot Test
The most widely used projective test with a set
of 10 inkblots was designed by Hermann
Rorschach (around 1921). It seeks to identify
people’s inner feelings by analyzing their
interpretations of the blots.
Lew
Merrim/
Photo
Researcher,
Inc.

88. Projective Test
 Rorsehach Ink blot test

89. Projective Test
 TAT (Thematic ApperceptionTest)

90. TAT can measure the
following:
 Motivation for enlisting.
 Reaction to authority.
 Heterosexual adjustment.
 Reaction to combat.
 Reaction to Military life.
 Attitudes to masculinity.
 Civilian adjustment.

91. Sick Personalities
 Determination of Personality Sickness
 Causes of Personality Sickness
 Danger Signals of Personality Sickness

92. Causes of Personality Sickness
a. Unrealistic Expectations:
b. Environmental Obstacles:
c. Unfavourable Social Attitudes
d. Personal Limitations
e. Severe Emotional Strain
f. Repeated Failures:
g. Identification with Maladjusted People
h. Lack of Self Perspective
j. Poor Childhood Training
k. Lack of Motivation

93. Danger Signals of Personality Sickness
 Immaturity
 Regression
 Cruelty
 Anti-social behaviour
 Defence mechanism
 Showing off
 Psychological pain killer
 Nonconformity
 Suicide.

94. Healthy personality
“A person with a healthy personality
as one’s who is able to gratify his
needs through behavior that conforms
with both the norms of his society and
the requirement of his conscience”

95. Characteristics of Healthy Personalities
a. Realistic Self-appraisals
b. Realistic Appraisal of Situations:
c. Realistic Evaluation of Achievements
d. Acceptance of Reality:
e. Acceptance of Responsibility:
f. Autonomy

96. Characteristics of Healthy Personalities
g. Acceptable Emotional Control
h. Goal Orientation
j. Outer Orientation:
k. Social Acceptance
l. Philosophy of Life-Directed:
m. Happiness

97. Why healthy personalities
are decreasing?
1. Increase stress
2. Laxity of discipline and law
enforcement
3. Increased pressure for achievement
4. Increased pressure for popularity
and social acceptance
5. Increased social mobility.

98. Why healthy personalities
are decreasing?
6. Rapid social change
7. Break down in patterns of family
life
8. Lower rate of religious values and
interest
9. Increased crime and other
antisocial patterns of behaviour

99. Interactive Session

101. 101
Click on the shape you find most
appealing. Consider both form and color.

102. 102
Carefree
Playful
Cheerful
You love a free and spontaneous life. And
you attempt to enjoy it to the fullest, in
accordance with the motto: "You only live
once."
You are very curious and open about
everything new; you thrive on change.
Nothing is worse than when you feel tied
down. You experience your environment as
being versatile and always good for a
surprise.

103. 103
Independent
Unconventional
Unfettered
You demand a free and unattached life for yourself
that allows you to determine your own course. You
have an artistic bent in your work or leisure
activities. Your urge for freedom sometimes
causes you to do exactly the opposite of what
expected of you.
Your lifestyle is highly individualistic. You would
never blindly imitate what is "in"; on the contrary,
you seek to live according to your own ideas and
convictions, even if this means swimming against
the tide.

104. 104
Introspective
Sensitive
Reflective
You come to grips more frequently and
thoroughly with yourself and your
environment than do most people. You detest
superficiality; you'd rather be alone than have
to suffer through small talk. But your
relationships with your friends are very
strong, which gives you the inner tranquility
and harmony that you require. You do not
mind being alone for extended periods of
time; you rarely become bored.

105. 105
Down to Earth
Well-Balanced
Harmonious
You value a natural style and love that which is
uncomplicated. People admire you because
you have both feet planted firmly on the ground
and they can depend on you. You give those
who are close to you security and space. You
are perceived as being warm and human. You
reject everything that is garish and trite. You
tend to be skeptical toward the whims of
fashion trends. For you, clothing has to be
practical and unobtrusively elegant.

106. 106
Professional
Pragmatic
Self-Assured
You take charge of your life, and place less faith in your
luck and more in your own deeds. You solve problems
in a practical, uncomplicated manner. You take a
realistic view of the things in your daily life and tackle
them without wavering. You are given a great deal of
responsibility at work, because people know that you
can be depended upon.
Your pronounced strength of will projects your self-
assurance to others. You are never fully satisfied until
you have accomplished your ideas.

107. 107
Peaceful
Discreet
Non-Aggressive
You are easy-going yet discreet. You make
friends effortlessly, yet enjoy your privacy
and independence. You like to get away from
it all and be alone from time to time to
contemplate the meaning of life and enjoy
yourself. You need space, so you escape to
beautiful hideaways, but you are not a loner.
You are at peace with yourself and the world,
and you appreciate life and what this world
has to offer.

108. 108
Analytical
Trustworthy
Self-Assured
Your momentary sensitivity represents that which is of
high quality and durable. Consequently, you like to
surround yourself with little "gems," which you
discover wherever they are overlooked by others.
Thus, culture plays a special role in your life. You have
found your own personal style, which is elegant and
exclusive, free from the whims of fashion. Your ideal,
upon which you base your life, is cultured pleasure.
You value a certain level of culture on the part of the
people with whom you associate.

109. 109
Romantic
Dreamy
Emotional
You are a very sensitive person. You refuse
to view things only from a sober, rational
standpoint. What your feelings tell you is
just as important to you. In fact, you feel it is
important to have dreams in life, too.
You reject people who scorn romanticism
and are guided only by rationality. You
refuse to let anything confine the rich
variety of your moods and emotions.

110. 110
Dynamic
Active
Extroverted
You are quite willing to accept certain risks
and to make a strong commitment in
exchange for interesting and varied work.
Routine, in contrast, tends to have a
paralyzing effect on you.
What you like most is to be able to play an
active role in events. In doing so, your
initiative is highly pronounced.

111. Interactive Session