A technical writeup on PERFORMANCE of a CARTON.
Explains the Importance of Box Compression Test and breaks myths about the relevance of Bursting Strength Test
The Master Guide To Corrugated PackagingPakFactory
Corrugated packaging is an exceptionally useful tool in the e-commerce industry. Flip through this deck to learn everything you need to know about corrugated packaging.
A Manual on Corrugated Fiberboard BoxesYogesh Pandey
This manual is simple guide to understand the all the aspects of Corrugated fiber board boxes. This book covers following:
1. Introduction,
2. Brief Introduction about paper
3. Components of the corrugated board,
4. Manufacture of the corrugated box,
5. Nomenclature of the corrugated box,
6. Main features of CFB boxes,
7. Designing & Style of boxes,
8. Quality Parameters and their Attributes,
9. Defects in Corrugated boxes,
10. Testing of corrugated boxes
Corrugated Boxes | Custom Corrugated BoxesEmily John
Custom Corrugated Boxes
Page 1; Introduction to corrugated boxes
Corrugated boxes are simple storage boxes, produced out of cardboard or Kraft and adds corrugation within them that preserves the product from being damaged or destroyed. Hence, increasing the life of the fragile item packaged.
Page 2; Corrugated boxes are manufactured in unique shapes, sizes, styles and designs as per the requirement of the customers.
Page 3; Luckily, corrugation added to these boxes enhances the life of the item placed on retail store shelve.
Page 4; Uses of corrugation Boxes
Below are some uses of corrugation boxes;
- Packaging
- Presenting
- Storing
- Printing
- Easy to label
- Recyclable
- Reusable
Page 5; Discover quality packaging solutions to gratify your packaging need!
Corrugated cardboard is generally used to make packing or shipping containers. Though there are various other types of cardboard boxes available, corrugated cardboard boxes are the most suitable for maintaining the safety of the object it is carrying, especially for long distance shipping purposes.
A brief overview and introduction to Paperboard, the manufacturing process, Abbreviations an acronyms like SBB, SUB, FBB & WLC.
Classification of Paperboard according to standards and Important properties. Last part about the sustainability of paperboard as packaging material.
The Master Guide To Corrugated PackagingPakFactory
Corrugated packaging is an exceptionally useful tool in the e-commerce industry. Flip through this deck to learn everything you need to know about corrugated packaging.
A Manual on Corrugated Fiberboard BoxesYogesh Pandey
This manual is simple guide to understand the all the aspects of Corrugated fiber board boxes. This book covers following:
1. Introduction,
2. Brief Introduction about paper
3. Components of the corrugated board,
4. Manufacture of the corrugated box,
5. Nomenclature of the corrugated box,
6. Main features of CFB boxes,
7. Designing & Style of boxes,
8. Quality Parameters and their Attributes,
9. Defects in Corrugated boxes,
10. Testing of corrugated boxes
Corrugated Boxes | Custom Corrugated BoxesEmily John
Custom Corrugated Boxes
Page 1; Introduction to corrugated boxes
Corrugated boxes are simple storage boxes, produced out of cardboard or Kraft and adds corrugation within them that preserves the product from being damaged or destroyed. Hence, increasing the life of the fragile item packaged.
Page 2; Corrugated boxes are manufactured in unique shapes, sizes, styles and designs as per the requirement of the customers.
Page 3; Luckily, corrugation added to these boxes enhances the life of the item placed on retail store shelve.
Page 4; Uses of corrugation Boxes
Below are some uses of corrugation boxes;
- Packaging
- Presenting
- Storing
- Printing
- Easy to label
- Recyclable
- Reusable
Page 5; Discover quality packaging solutions to gratify your packaging need!
Corrugated cardboard is generally used to make packing or shipping containers. Though there are various other types of cardboard boxes available, corrugated cardboard boxes are the most suitable for maintaining the safety of the object it is carrying, especially for long distance shipping purposes.
A brief overview and introduction to Paperboard, the manufacturing process, Abbreviations an acronyms like SBB, SUB, FBB & WLC.
Classification of Paperboard according to standards and Important properties. Last part about the sustainability of paperboard as packaging material.
Packaging Testing Equipment - by PackTestRohit Chawla
Company Profile and Product Catalog of PackTest.
Packaging Testing Equipment manufactured and exported by Test Techno Consultants. Marketed in India by Rohit Instruments & Testing Services. Rohit Chawla
Functional barrier films in flexible packaging industryHenky Wibawa
Technology and market trends in flexible packaging development. Presented in Asia Flexible Packaging Summit 2016, 13-14 January, 2016 Crowne Plaza Century Park Shanghai
Plastic films are used to wrap food related items like, candy, snacks, nutritional bars & powders. This presentation explains the different types of packaging films and the equipment used to wrap the films.
In the carton packaging world, we mainly discuss the carton packaging issues in the packaging industry, there are multiple carton box template samples cited in the carton box design, we hope it is useful to you.
Cosmo Films Leading manufacturer of bopp films in India and across the globe. BOPP film is used in vast range of applications comprising packaging, labeling and lamination.
We at Mico plast are proud with the client base we have built up by delivering quality & safety packaging to our customers, to deliver a better product to the consumers.
Bi-axially oriented Poly polypropylene films JayaVerma28
This presentation is about Bi-axially oriented poly - polypropylene films, it describes about its properties, processing parameters, methods, industrial manufacturing, Applications, advantages, disadvantages and references are added at the end.
Packaging Testing Equipment - by PackTestRohit Chawla
Company Profile and Product Catalog of PackTest.
Packaging Testing Equipment manufactured and exported by Test Techno Consultants. Marketed in India by Rohit Instruments & Testing Services. Rohit Chawla
Functional barrier films in flexible packaging industryHenky Wibawa
Technology and market trends in flexible packaging development. Presented in Asia Flexible Packaging Summit 2016, 13-14 January, 2016 Crowne Plaza Century Park Shanghai
Plastic films are used to wrap food related items like, candy, snacks, nutritional bars & powders. This presentation explains the different types of packaging films and the equipment used to wrap the films.
In the carton packaging world, we mainly discuss the carton packaging issues in the packaging industry, there are multiple carton box template samples cited in the carton box design, we hope it is useful to you.
Cosmo Films Leading manufacturer of bopp films in India and across the globe. BOPP film is used in vast range of applications comprising packaging, labeling and lamination.
We at Mico plast are proud with the client base we have built up by delivering quality & safety packaging to our customers, to deliver a better product to the consumers.
Bi-axially oriented Poly polypropylene films JayaVerma28
This presentation is about Bi-axially oriented poly - polypropylene films, it describes about its properties, processing parameters, methods, industrial manufacturing, Applications, advantages, disadvantages and references are added at the end.
Zwick has collaborated with the paper, board and corrugated board industries to develop a large range of test fixtures and accessories especially for their products. Multi-functional, highly flexible testing machines replace the single-purpose machines used previously, saving space and reducing investment costs.
Kraft paper is ideal for covering boxes, books and heavy products to protect against scratches. Crumple the kraft paper and use it as an economic void fill. We carry several types of kraft paper including standard, reinforced, poly coated, waxed, indented and bogus (made of recycled kraft paper and newsprint).
The environmental impact of paper is significant, which has led to changes in industry and behavior at both business and personal levels. With the use of modern technology such as the printing press and the highly mechanized harvesting of wood, disposable paper has become a cheap commodity. This has led to a high level of consumption and waste. With the rise in environmental awareness due to the lobbying by environmental organizations and with increased government regulation there is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and paper industry.
The case study in SCM is based on the the work done by JOY M. FIELD and ROBERT P. SROUFE (2007). In the presentation the case is presented to undertand the nature of business & Basics of cardboard manufacturing process. Later, The methodology is expalined to solve the mentioned problem. In the end, Managerial Insights are drawn from this case to guide SCM proffesionals for better decision making.
Key reference:
JOY M. FIELD and ROBERT P. SROUFE, “The use of recycled materials in manufacturing: implications for supply chain management and operations strategy”, International Journal of Production Research,Vol. 45, Nos. 18–19, 15 September–1 October 2007, 4439–4463
Assignment 21. Given that atomic radius is 0.143 nm and crys.docxsherni1
Assignment 2
1. Given that atomic radius is 0.143 nm and crystal structure BCC, calculate the APF. Show all works step by step
2. Given that atomic radius is 0.143 nm and crystal structure CPH, calculate the APF. Show all works step by step.
3. Why single unit cell of material (or single grain) is anisotropy but bulk material is isotropy. Explain
4. Describe main differences between ionic and covalent bonding. Give specific examples of materials that demonstrate these types of bonds.
5. Research and describe different types of selective laser sintering technologies for polymer and metal.
6. Research and describe metal power injection molding technology and process.
7. You are asked to design a fuel-saving cooking pan with the goal of wasting as little heat as possible while cooking. What objective would you choose, and what constraints would you think must be met?
8. A volume fraction f = 0.2 of silicon carbide (SiC) particles is combined with an aluminum matrix to make a metal matrix composite. The modulus and density of the two materials are listed below. Determine density and modulus of hybrid material.
Aluminum: Density: 2.70 Mg/m3, Modulus: 70 GPa
Silicon Carbide Density: 3.15 Mg/m3, Modulus: 420 GPa
9. Use CES EduPack Level 2 to find top three materials for disposable cutlery (single use fork, knife and spoon). Follow 4 step selection strategy and document properly
10. Use CES EduPack Level 2 to find top three materials for disposable coffee lid. Follow 4 step selection strategy and document properly.
EduPack 2012
Class Exercises
Exercises 1 -3 : Browsing and Searching
Exercise 4: Property Charts
Exercise 5:Using a Limit Stage
Exercise 6: Graph Selection
Exercise 7: Tree Selection
Exercises 8, 9: Getting it all Together
Exercise 10: Process Selection
Exercises 11, 12 : saving, Copying, Report Writing
Toolbars in EduPack
The Chart-Management Tool Bar
Line selection
tool
Box selection
tool
Cancel selection
Add text
Zoom
Add
envelopes
Un-zoom
Black and white
chart
Hide failed
materials
Grey failed
materials
Add
grid
Exercise 13, 14
• What is Goretex made of?
• Find what the process SLS is all about by
searching on SLS. Since it is a process, not a
material, you will have to change the table in
which you search from Materials Universe to
Process Universe, in the box immediately
below the search box.
Exercise 15, 16
• Find materials that cost less than $1/kg and are good electrical
conductors. Enter the upper limit on price and the constraint that
the material must be a good conductor. Then click APPLY at the top
of the screen. The materials that do not meet the constraints are
deleted from the RESULTS window on the lower left, leaving those
that do meet the requirements.
(ductile CI, grey CI, high C steel, low alloy steel, low C steel,
medium C steel)
• The property Fracture toughness is a measure of how well ...
Sticking occurs when granules attach themselves to the faces of tablet press punches. Picking is a more specific term that describes product sticking only within the letters, logos, or designs on the punch faces. This article explains the causes of
sticking and picking and describes the steps you can take to
resolve both problems.
Wrinkles & Piping in paper reels is an annoying problem. When the reel is used for any conversion, printing, lamination or anything, you get rejects and rejects. This presentation gives some thoughts on how can we minimize wrinkles and piping.
When considering store shelving for your retail shop, it's important to consider not only the aesthetics but also the quality of the fixtures.
In terms of customer safety, this guide advises of what to look for, and how to continually check to keep your shelving safe for your customers. It even comes with a handy check sheet. For more information: https://www.caem.co.uk/
Explore our most comprehensive guide on lookback analysis at SafePaaS, covering access governance and how it can transform modern ERP audits. Browse now!
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
2. Performance of a carton
Corrugated cartons are primarily used as a secondary packaging
medium and are also know as “Shippers”
As in all types of packaging, its main purpose is to protect its contents.
In simple words, the role of a corrugated carton is to ensure that the
product reaches the end-user (Consumer) or POS (Point-Of-Sale /
Retailer) in the condition intended by the producer / manufacturer of the
product.
In order to ensure this, the carton goes through a lot of planned and
unplanned stages / conditions.
The first and longest stage in a life cycle of the package (after being
packed) is storage. This is where it spends almost 90% of its life.
The carton are stacked and stored in warehouses (godowns).
This is also where 95% of the problems or performance issues occur.
Every one of us has surely seen a warehouse with stacked cartons.
At the top the stack seems fine, but as you look down towards the base
of the stack, you will see a badly bruised, damaged carton about to
collapse.
3. Glance around and you will probably find the same situation in all the
stacks across the warehouse.
It is a coincidence? Ofcourse not.
The carton is simply not strong enough to with stand the load of the
stack.
Ask any layman, why does the lowest carton look in a bad shape?
He will promptly respond “stack weight is more that the cartons
strength”.
Now ask a packaging or quality control man, what is the solution?
A vast majority (Yes, its true) will reply – “Increase the Bursting
Strength (BS) Specification”
Why Bursting Strength?
If bursting was a problem, why only the lowest carton is affected.
The point being, if Bursting Strength was the culprit, even the top
carton should have burst open.
Infact, the lowest carton has not burst at all. It has just gotten
compressed / collapsed.
Even if the lowest carton has burst, it must have burst open because the
carton first collapsed and then pushed the product against the walls of
the carton.
Very rarely will you find the products themselves pushing the carton
walls from inside and making the carton “Burst”.
So, if everyone understands that the carton failed because of stack load,
then it is a problem in compression strength of the carton and not its
bursting strength.
4. If that is the case, why are we running behind the wrong parameter
called “Bursting Strength”?
A large section of the people in this industry (infact every industry) do
not possess the correct and complete understanding of the subject. They
either are or try to act Ignorant.
They will follow what is being done for the last 50 years and will resist
any change in their systems.
Then there is a class of people who are running the industry with
incorrect and partial information.
I dare say that these people with partial knowledge are more dangerous
that the totally ignorant ones.
Another segment of people exists, who understand the issue very well
but will not want to go against age old practices of this industry.
Eg.
- A packaging professional who is a consultant to a company will
not try to change their age old practices because he may upset
the management and lose his contract.
- A Packaging Development Employee will probably think “I am
here in this company for 1-2-3-4 years, why bother to go against
the trend.”
- A corrugation unit owner will say “I know how to improve the
quality, but why bother. The buyer is giving me wrong specs
and I am supplying whatever he wants. Let it be the way it is,
for as long as possible”.
I wouldn’t say these people are totally wrong.
After all who would want to swim against the current and bring in new
(and correct) ideas, who will do all the explanation work and the bottom
line is – “Why fight the system?”.
5. Everybody Loves Bursting Strength
Testing equipments suppliers (some) love Bursting Strength because it
sells like hot cakes.
Corrugation factories love Bursting Strength because the equipment is
small and cheap and more so because BS is easier to manipulate.
The buyers (even MNCs) are either ignorant or are not willing to bring
about a change.
No one is willing to put the foot down and say “Hey, you have fooled
me enough, give me real quality. Give me performance based quality.
Give me stack load capacity or compression strength.)
A majority of MNC’s worldwide have dumped Bursting Strength (way
back in late 1980s) and adopted Edge Crush Test (Related to BCT) and
Box Compression Test, as a better representative of Box Performance
Quality.
More than 25 years later, we are still following the wrong parameters.
6. What is performance quality?
Quality Parameters / Specs are of 2 Types :
1) Material Specification / Quality
2) Performance Specification / Quality
Material Specifications are those parameters which define the quality of
the material used.
Performance Specifications are those parameters which define / govern
the quality of actual performance of the package / packaging material.
Many Material Specifications may also directly affect the performance
of the package.
However this may not always be the case.
There are some tests like Box Compression which evaluate perform
quality and there are some tests like BS which evaluate material quality.
International standards like TAPPI (T810 om-85) say “The Bursting
Strength of combined board is primarily an indication of the character
of the materials used in manufacturing a fiberboard box and has value
in this respect. On the other hand, it gives no direct information
regarding the ultimate performance of design or construction of the
finished container and correlates very poorly, if at all, with most of the
performance values of the container.”
If fact studies suggest that Box Compression Strength and Bursting
Strength may not be related, at all.
A high Bursting Strength does not always indicate high Box
Compression Strength
7. Where does the board get its strength from?
I am sure all of us have performed the below experiment in our school
days.
If not, it’s not too late now too.
Take a sheet of paper about 1 inch high and 6 inches wide.
Now hold it straight (Vertical) and place a glass of water (or any other
weight) on it.
What happens?
Obviously, the paper won’t take the load.
8. Now fold it in zigzag fashion.
Now hold it straight (Vertical) and again place the same glass of water
(or weight) on it.
What happens?
The glass stands comfortably on the zigzag paper.
Coming back to our subject, the fluting (wave like structure) in the
middle of corrugated sheet is nothing but the zigzag structure you just
saw in the above experiment.
9. We saw that a straight sheet of paper cannot take top-load, where as a
wavy (zig-zag) structure can easily take heavy loads.
What this implies is that, in a corrugated sheet, the load is actually
taken up by the flute(s) and the liners are provided to keep the flutes
straight.
Now, in a BS Test the rubber diaphragm punctures a hole through the
face of the corrugated board.
The resistance offered by the board is called bursting strength.
Studies suggest that the liners give 100% contribution and the fluting
give 0 – 33% contribution to the board BS.
e.g. if I use 3 kg/cm2 paper as liners and 3 kg/cm2 paper as fluting, my
board BS will b 3 (100% of liner) + 1 (33% of flute) + 3 (100% of liner)
= 7 kg/cm2
10. How can someone manipulate BS?
How can he give a higher BS without giving a better box quality?
Let us take an example:
I have a 3 ply carton with the following structure:
Liner – 100 gsm 3 kg/cm2 BS
Flute – 100 gsm 3 kg/cm2 BS
Liner – 100 gsm 3 kg/cm2 BS
Combined BS 7 kg/cm2 BS (as described earlier)
It is known that for a particular quality of paper, the GSM is proportion
at to its BS.
e.g. 110 gsm paper will have higher BS than a 100 GSM paper of
similar quality.
Now if I want to increase the BS, I must increase the gsm of both liners.
To economise on cost, I decrease the gsm of the flute.
The new structure is as follows.
Liner – 110 gsm – 3.3 kg/cm2 (approx)
Flute – 80 gsm – 2.4 kg/cm2 (approx)
Liner – 110 gsm – 3.3 kg/cm2 (approx)
Combined BS will become:
3.3 kg/cm2 (100% of Liner1)
+ 0.8 kg/cm2 (33% of Flute)
+ 3.3 kg/cm2 (100% of L)
= 7.4 kg/cm2
= 5.71% increase over the original BS
11. As you can see, by manipulating the gsm and hence the paper BS, I
have increased the board’s combined BS.
Since, paper is sold in terms of GSM and BF / BS values, the price of
the material has more or less remain unchanged.
My carton’s Bursting Strength values are now almost 6% higher.
Unfortunately, what I have done has weakened the backbone (Fluting)
of the board and hence my carton will now withstand even less loads.
A corrugator’s approach will be “I know the Compression Values will
fall, but since the buyer of the carton has specified only the Bursting
Strength, and I have satisfied his requirement, I should be least bothered
if the Carton survives a stack load or not. My carton will pass their test
of Bursting Strength and I will get my money.”
With the above example, I have tried to prove that BS can be easily
manipulated.
Going ahead, if I want to improve the compression strength I need to
concentrate on the fluting more that the liners. My corrugating rollers
(that form the fluting) must be in good condition, the fluting gsm should
not be sacrificed (that however does not mean going for very low gsm
liners. Liners are important too as they have to keep the structure in
proper shape and also protect the package during drops, abrasions, etc),
the pasting machines should be in good condition etc.
So basically, improving BCT is not as simple as increasing GSM.
It means improving the entire production process and not just structure
manipulation.
If the flutes are formed and pasted properly the final product
(corrugated carton) will obviously be of great quality.
If the rollers are worn out or the pasting is not efficiently done, it will
have great impact on the quality.
12. Hence when the buyer says to the corrugators “increase the BS”, the
corrugator is happy to oblige.
But when the same buyer says “increase the compression strength”, the
corrugator becomes sad.
He now has to improve the quality throughout his production process
and manipulation just won’t work in this case.
13. So should I stop specifying BS as my specification.
Of course yes.
USA (and many developed countries) did it 25 years ago, isn’t it high
time you did it too?
In India (and probably in some other countries too), we (the buyers) go
a little overboard when it comes to controlling our specifications.
I have seen buyers who tell their suppliers not only the combined BS,
but also the BS/BF of each paper layer, the GSM to use, etc etc.
Why do we do such a thing?
The corrugator probably has years and years of experience in what he is
doing. Why are we teaching him how to make a good carton?
I am sure all of us go out to a nice restaurant (your favourite) once in a
while to have food. Have you ever gone the kitchen and told the chef
that “I want a plate of PavBhaji or Chhole-Tikki, wherein you should
use 3 potatoes, 1 onion, 2 tomatoes, 2 pinch salt, 1 pinch red pepper,
blah blah blah blah………”
I don’t think so, we simply want good quality (Hygienic and Tasty)
food. We have faith that the chef has enough experience and business
sense to give us what we want (quality).
Similarly when we deal with our suppliers, we should be bothered with
what we want (quality) and not really how he achieves it (material and
method).
Adopt the “KISS” concept. Means “Keep It Straight and Simple”
Tell the supplier that you want a carton of ABC size (dimensions)
which should have a minimum compression strength of XYZ kgs.
Tell him “I don’t care what gsm or BS you want to use. The carton
should have the desired CS and should be economical too”.
14. How do I specify or calculate the desired CS of a carton.
Many a times, people get confused between “Compression Strength”
and “Stacking Load”.
Compression Strength (CS) is derived from Stacking Load (SL).
Stacking Load is the amount of physical load that a carton is expected
to take during any point of its life-cycle.
Firstly check if the stack height of the warehouse is the same as the
transportation.
If different, which one is higher? Use it for calculations.
The below sketch shows the calculation of a stack height of 10 cartons
where each carton weighs 20 kg.
20 kg
20 kg
20 kg
20 kg
20 kg 10 carton stack
20 kg
20 kg
20 kg
20 kg
20 kg
Stack load = (No. of Cartons in Stack – 1) x gross weight
= (10 – 1) x 20 kg (each carton)
= 9 x 20 kg
= 180 kg
We now know that 180 kg of stack load will come onto the lowest
carton during warehousing or transpiration.
15. If Compression Strength of the carton was equal or less than the Stack
Load, then the lowest carton would surely collapse.
Hence, Compression Strength = Stack Load x Safety factor (2 to 5)
Below is an approximate method of calculating your safety factor.
1 How far will the package travel from the factory?
Local up to 500 km 500 – 1000 km 1000 – 2000 km 2000 + km
1 2 3 4 5
2 How long is the package supposed to be stored in a warehouse
before it reaches the consumer?
1 Week 1 – 4 Weeks 1 – 3 Months 3 – 6 Months 6 – 12 Months
1 2 3 4 5
3 Is the product fragile ? If the carton fails, is the products primary
packaging designed (or capable) to take loads ?
e.g. Jam Bottles are glass and can take loads.
Wafer pouches cannot take load.
Tube lights are very fragile and cannot take loads.
Least Fragile Not Fragile Slightly Fragile Fragile Very Fragile
1 2 3 4 5
4 Is the product expensive or hazardous?
← Less More →
1 2 3 4 5
5 Is the product for export?
How big or image conscious is the client.
← Less More →
1 2 3 4 5
Now give marks to all 5 questions on a scale of 1 – 5, then calculate the
average and round it off to the next higher digit.
Disclaimer: The above is only a rough illustration of how to calculate the safety
factor to find out the desired CS specification. The method and values shown above is
not standard and may not be applicable to all types of products and package. The
above information is generic only and may need some refinements or adjustments to
suit your individual requirements.
16. For more information or assistance, please feel free to contact us at :
Rohit Instruments & Testing Services
K-1, 601/2&3, GIDC Ranoli,
Vadodara – 391350
Gujarat.
INDIA.
Email : info@packtest.com
www.packtest.com