The document discusses the concept of perception, detailing its definition, processes, components, and significance in nursing practice. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of perception for nurses, emphasizing how it affects patient understanding, communication, relationship building, and decision-making. Overall, it stresses the importance of recognizing individual perceptions in healthcare to enhance patient care and outcomes.

1. PERCEPTION
GROUP 4

2. GROUP MEMBERS
• RHODA MNYENYEMBE
• ALICK G LUWE
• KHADJA WITNESS
• CHISSOMO MADALITSO DZINCUNZANI
• EDNA RICARDO NEVES
• MAYAMIKO MBAWE
• ESTHER ALUMANDO
• MWAI MSONTHI

3. • CHRISTINA WESTON
• MUKISA LINUS

4. BROAD OBJECTIVE
• By the end of this presentation student nurse should be able to have
knowledge about perception

5. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
By the end of this presentation student nurse should be able to:
• Define perception
• Explain the perceptual process
• Explain the rules of organization that are involved in perception
• Explain the components of perception
• Describe the importance of perception
• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of perception

6. MEANING OF PERCEPTION
• Perception refers to the way in which we interpret and make sense of
sensory information from our environment.
• According to Stephen Robbins he defines perception as the process by
which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in
order to give meaning to their environment.
• Perception differ from person to person
• Each individual perceives the same situation differently.
• Individuals organize and interpret things based on their past
experiences and the important values they consider important

7. PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES
• Selection: refers to choosing which of many stimuli that will be
processed
• Organization: involves collecting the information into some pattern
• Interpretation: involves understanding the pattern

8. LAWS OF ORGANISATION THAT ARE
INVOLVED IN PERCEPTION
• These include the following
Gestalt principle
1. Law of similarity
• similar elements are perceived as belonging to the same group. E.g.
color shape or size of similarity
2. Law of continuity
• Our brains prefer to perceive continuous and smooth lines or patterns
rather than disconnect or interrupted ones.

9. CONT…..
3. Law of proximity
• Elements that are close to each other are perceived as a group. E.g
students who seat next to each other are more likely to become friends
in a class.
• It is also known as the law of familiarity
• States that organizing stimuli we group together objectives that are
physically close to one another.

10. LAWS CONTI………..
a. Law of uniform connectedness
• Elements that are connected by a uniform visual property are
perceived as a group.eg color and texture.
b. Law of common region
• Elements of the same area of region are perceived as a group e.g.
when you enter a room, your brain tends to group together furniture
and objects that are within a defined area.

11. COMPONENTS OF PERCEPTION
1. Sensation
• The process of detecting stimuli from the environment through our
senses. E.g see, hearing, touching, tasting and smelling.
2. Attention
• Focusing on specific stimuli while filtering out others. It determines
which sensory information is processed further. E.g people pay
attention to staff that the are interested in more than other staffs.
3. Perceptual organization

12. COMPONETS CONTI…
• The brains ability to organize sensory information into meaningful
patterns and structures, like recognizing shapes, objects and faces.
4. INTERPRETATION
• Assigning meaning to the perceived sensory information based on our
previous knowledge, experience and expectations. For example,
recognizing a face or interpreting a sentence.
5. PERCEPTUAL CONSTANCY
• Maintaining a stable perception of objects even as sensory input
changes. For example recognizing an objects shape despite different
viewing angles.

13. IMPORTANCE OF PERCEPTION
1. Understanding the environment
• Perception allows us to make to make sense of the world around us. It
helps us organize objects, people, and events, which is vital for
survival and everything functioning.
2. Decision making
• Accurate perception is essential for making informed decisions.
Whether its crossing , identifying food, or evaluating situations, our
perception guides our choices.

14. IMPORTANCE CONTI
3. Safety
• Perception is crucial for safety. It helps us detect potential dangers,
such us oncoming traffic, warning signs, or hazardous materials, and
react appropriately.
4. Communication
• Perception plays a vital role in communication. It enables us to
interpret spoken language, body language, facial expressions, and
gestures facilitating effective interaction with others.

15. IMPORTANCE CONTI….
5. Learning
• Perceptual experiences are integral to the learning process. Students
rely on perception to absorb information from teachers , textbooks and
educational materials.
6. Problem solving
• Effective problem solving often depends on accurate perception.
Whether its identifying the source of technical issue or assessing the
variables in a complex situation, perception is at the core of finding
solutions .

16. IMPORTANCE CONTI….
7. Creativity
• Perception is essential for creative endeavors, such as art, music and
design. Artists, for instance, rely on their perceptual abilities to create
meaningful and expressive works.
8. Emotional experience
• It also influences our emotional responses. What we perceive can
trigger a wide range of emotions, from joy and surprise to fear and
sadness.

17. IMPORTANCE CONTI…..
9. Cultural understanding
• It can be shaped by culture factors, and it, in turn, helps us
understand and appreciate the diversity of cultural practices,
traditions and perspectives.
10.Medical diagnosis
• In the field of medicine, accurate perceptions by health care
professionals is critical for diagnosing illnesses, interpreting
medical images, and monitoring patient health.

18. ADVANTAGE OF PERCEPTION IN
NURSING
1. Perception helps nurses to understand their patient by perceiving
their patient needs, nurses can provide more effective care. For
example, a nurse who perceives that a patient is pain can provide
pain medication.
2. It also helps nurses to communicate with their patients. Nurses can
communicate more effectively with them. E.g. a nurse who
perceives that a patient is anxious can explain the procedure in a
way that is less likely to cause anxiety.

19. ADVANTAGES CONTI……………
3. Perception helps nurses to develop relationship with their patient by
perceiving their patients needs, nurses can develop stronger
relationship with them. E.g. A nurse who perceives that a patient is
only can spend more time talking to them.
4. It can also helps nurses to make decisions, nurses can make better
decisions about their care. E.g. A nurse who perceives that a patient
is at risk for falling can take steps to prevent a fall.
5. It also helps nurses to provide holistic care, nurses can provide more
holistic care. For example, a nurse who perceives that a patient is
struggling financially can refer them to social worker.

20. DISADVANTAGES OF PERCEPTION IN
NURSING
1. Perception can be influenced by personal biases. Nurses who have
certain biases may be more likely to perceive patients in a certain
way, which can affect the care that they provide.
2. It can also be subjective. Two nurses can perceive the same situation
differently, which can lead to different decisions being made about a
patients care.
3. Perception can be influenced by emotions. Nurses who are feeling
stressed or overwhelmed may be more likely to perceive patients in
a negative way, which can affect the care they provide.

21. DISADVANTAGES CONTI………….
4. Perception can also be influenced by culture. Nurses from
different cultures may be have different perceptions of what
is considered to be normal or appropriate behavior, which
can affect the care that they provide.
5. Lastly perception can also be influenced by experience.
Nurses who have more experience may be more likely to
perceive patients in a certain way, which can affect the care
that the provide.

22. IN SUMMARY
•Nursing perception is an important aspect of nursing
practice. It affects how nurses interact with patients,
families, and other members of the healthcare team.
By understanding the patients perspective, nurses can
provide more effective care, communicate more
effectively, develop relationships with patients and
their families, and make better decisions about patient
care.

23. REFERENCES
• Goldstein, E.B. (2012). Sensation and perception. Belmont.
• Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H.,& Jess ell, T. M. (2012). Principles of
neural science (5th
ed.).
• Nisbett, R.E., & Wilson, T.D (2012). Thinking fast and slow, New
York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.