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Peptidoglycan, Teichoic acid,LipopolysaccharideS.pdf
Hand written notes on biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid and lipopolysacharide. Peptidoglycan is a major component of bacterial cell walls, providing structural integrity. Its biosynthesis involves the formation of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, linked by peptide chains. This process occurs in the cytoplasm, membrane, and periplasm. Teichoic acid, found in Gram-positive bacteria, is synthesized from glycerol or ribitol phosphate units and is anchored to the peptidoglycan or plasma membrane, playing a role in ion regulation and cell shape. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is found in Gram-negative bacteria's outer membrane, consisting of lipid A, a core polysaccharide, and an O-antigen. LPS biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and is crucial for bacterial defense.
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