Peoples and empires
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The document discusses themes from Anthony Pagden's book "People's and Empires" about what defines successful empires and the pros and cons they involve. Successful empires require inventiveness, imagination, and individuality to rule over diverse peoples and cultures, widening their outlook, but this can also involve exploiting defenseless people, eliminating cultures, damaging resources, and oppression. Empires are defined by both their citizens and rulers, and as people change over time, so do the empires that govern them.
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5. Classical Era (500 BC - 600 AD
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This document provides a summary of major historical periods and events in European history, beginning with ancient Greek city-states and ending in the late 20th century. It covers the rise and fall of the Roman Empire between 476-1453 AD, the Middle Ages from 1000-1500, the Renaissance in the 1300s-1600s, the Enlightenment in the 1600-1700s, and the First Industrial Revolution. Key developments discussed include the influence of Greek philosophy and democracy, the military and engineering achievements of Rome, the rise of feudalism and the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages, the scientific and intellectual developments of the Renaissance, and the philosophical theories that emerged during the Enlightenment period.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece developed along the Mediterranean coast and islands between 3000 BC to 30 BC. The civilization was never unified but shared a common language, religion, and culture. City-states called poleis governed independent territories and included democratic Athens and military Sparta. Athens and Sparta vied for power during the Classical period, fighting the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian Wars. Alexander the Great then conquered Greece and spread Greek culture across his vast empire before it was divided after his death, ushering in the Hellenistic period until Roman domination by the 1st century BC.
Theme 2: Big History
1) The document discusses several factors that contributed to the success and expansion of empires, including spreading ideas and cultural/technological innovations which led to diversity in culture, language, and trade.
2) Warfare is discussed as being driven by the pursuit of power and eventually leading to colonization with the supreme authority belonging to whoever had the most power.
3) European powers realized that controlling seas and trade, rather than land and people, was key to the future and could help reduce conflict.
Lecture SlidesbyRobert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen.docx
Lecture Slides
by
Robert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen Aron • Peter Brown • Benjamin Elman • Stephen Kotkin • Xinru Liu • Suzanne Marchand • Holly Pittman • Gyan Prakash • Brent Shaw • Michael Tsin
Lecture Slides
Chapter 7
HAN DYNASTY CHINA AND IMPERIAL ROME, 300 BCE=300 CE
Han China and Imperial Rome:
How Globalizing Empires Were Built
Unprecedented power: Roman and Han characteristics
Size, quality, and lasting worldwide impact
Cultural, economic, and administrative control
Empire and cultural identity
Han
Civilian magistrates and bureaucrats were public servants
Emulated past models for empire’s ideals
Elites shared common language
Belief in ancestor worship
Rome
Definition of citizenship changed over time
Pragmatic innovation and adaptation as empire’s ideals
Common language was Latin
Patterns of Imperial Expansion
Both Han Chinese and Romans consolidated power within their geographical limits using a common legal framework
They had different patterns of development, types of public servants, and government practices
Han looked to past for methods; Romans used pragmatism to define methods
United huge territories and diverse populations within an imperial framework
Both became models for later empire builders
Provided a vision for a common identity
East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
WORLDS TOGETHER, WORLDS APART, 5TH EDITION
© 2018 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.
Map 7.1 | East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
Both the Qin and the Han dynasties consolidated much of East Asia into one large regional empire.
• According to the map, what physical features imposed a limit to this territorial expansion?
• Why was the defensive wall so long, and why was it placed facing north?
• What impact did the pastoral Xiongnu have on each empire’s effort to consolidate a large territorial state?
• According to your reading, why did the Han expand their influence farther west than the Qin?
5
The Qin Dynasty
Integration of vast territory through administrative and economic innovations
Political organization and control
Commanderies (provinces) with civilian and military governors
Registration of males for army and public labor
Control by censorship
Standardized weights, measures, and currency
Legalism
Stability through strict law and punishment
Group responsibility for individuals
Qin orthodoxy
Improved communications through road systems
Standardized writing style
Economic and Social Changes under the Qin Dynasty
Expansion of agriculture
Role of government
Role of peasant farmers
Economic changes
Farms replace royal manors
Profit from surpluses
Business and labor contracts
Long-distance trade
Merchant class and trade networks
Government trade tariffs
Defense and Expansion
The Xiongnu and the Qin along the northern frontier
Beginnings of the Great Wall
Qin relationship with Xiongnu nomadic warriors: delicate balance
The Qin debacle
Qin collapse
Constant warfare led to heavy taxes
Former nobles and conscripted workers mutiny
Civil war
.
2023.24 - UNIT 6 - Imperialism and the First World War (PPT).pdf
This document discusses imperialism and the First World War. It covers the definition of imperialism as European powers conquering territories between 1870-1914 due to economic, political, demographic, and ideological factors. It then details the division of the world among colonial empires like the British, French, Belgian, and others in Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Consequences included the exploitation of land and resources of colonies for economic gain of the colonizing countries.
Student Questions on Imperialism - 3A
1) It was hardest for Europeans to conquer Ethiopia, as Italy failed in its attempt due to Menelik's foresight in arming Ethiopia against them.
2) World War 1 effectively ended the Age of Imperialism as European powers no longer had the resources to focus on imperial expansion.
3) Imperialism involved indirect methods of control like protectorates and spheres of influence, while colonialism primarily used direct settlement colonies.
Ancient Greece
The document summarizes the history and geography of ancient Greece and its city-states. It describes how the mountainous terrain and proximity to the sea led the Greeks to develop a maritime culture focused on trade. It discusses the influential Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, and how the polis system emerged in city-states like Athens and Sparta as Greece recovered from its Dark Ages. Sparta uniquely developed as a military state that enforced a rigorous martial code and closed society to maintain social control.
Ancient Greece
The document summarizes the history and geography of ancient Greece and its city-states. It describes how the mountainous terrain and proximity to the sea led the Greeks to develop a maritime culture focused on trade. It discusses the influential Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, and how the Greek city-states (poleis) later emerged, each centered around an acropolis and agora. Sparta is highlighted as developing a unique military-focused society to oppress neighboring peoples and maintain internal order.
Imperialism 1869-1914
This slideshow covers the causes that led to Imperialism and the motives that led nations to colonize.
2.0 feudalism life before the nation state
Nationalism is defined as a strong feeling of loyalty or devotion to an ethnic nation based on shared language, culture, and history, or to a civic nation based on shared beliefs and values regardless of ethnicity. There are two types of nationalism - ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. Before the age of nationalism, people identified themselves based on their family, religion, feudal lord or king rather than as members of a nation.
2.0 feudalism life before the nation state
Nationalism is defined as a strong feeling of loyalty and devotion to an ethnic nation based on shared language, culture, and history, or to a civic nation based on shared beliefs and values regardless of ethnicity. There are two types of nationalism - ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. Before the age of nationalism, people identified themselves based on their family, religion, feudal lord or king rather than as members of a nation.
Life In The Roman Empire
The document summarizes the rise of the Roman Empire after the civil war and assassination of Julius Caesar. It describes how Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus ruled jointly as the Second Triumvirate for 10 years. Eventually Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in battle and became the sole ruler of Rome, taking the title of Augustus Caesar. Under his rule and subsequent emperors, Rome experienced two centuries of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, during which the Empire reached its greatest extent.
Colonialism.pptx
Colonialism involves the domination of one society by another through political and economic control. It originated with European powers colonizing lands across Africa, Asia, and the Americas beginning in the 15th century. There were two waves of colonial expansion - the first involved colonizing the Americas for resources and Christianity, while the second was the "Scramble for Africa" which divided the continent. Settler colonialism differed in that European settlers permanently displaced indigenous populations in places like North America. Colonialism had devastating economic and social impacts through exploitation of resources and people for imperial profit and domination of indigenous cultures.
9th grade imperalism
European imperialism in the late 19th century was driven by economic, political, and ideological motives. Nations sought resources, markets, and believed in their racial superiority. While imperialism provided some benefits like infrastructure, it ultimately exploited and destroyed local cultures. The negative consequences included racism, economic exploitation, religious conversion that erased traditions, and spread of disease. Decolonization in Asia and Africa occurred in the mid-20th century as nationalism grew and maintaining colonies became too costly. Independence movements regained control for most former colonies.
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Lecture SlidesbyRobert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen.docx
Lecture SlidesbyRobert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen.docx
2023.24 - UNIT 6 - Imperialism and the First World War (PPT).pdf
2023.24 - UNIT 6 - Imperialism and the First World War (PPT).pdf
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