Pelvic inflammatory disease (pid)
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•119 views
Pathophysiology Acute inflammation of the upper genital tract – the uterus or adnexa – from an ascending infection – usually chlamydia or gonorrhea (25%). May lead to epithelial damage thus allowing further pathogen entry. Involves any combination of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, or pelvic peritonitis. Rarer causes: Gardnerella vaginalis, H. influenzae, Strep agalactiae (Group B Strep), CMV. Often no pathogen is found. Signs and symptoms Symptoms: Varies from asymptomatic to severe. Pain: lower abdominal (often bilateral), lower back, and deep dyspareunia. Systemic: fever, nausea and vomiting. Discharge and bleeding: cervical or vaginal mucopurulent discharge, postcoital or intermenstrual bleeding. On bimanual examination, tenderness in the uterus, adnexa, and cervix ('cervical excitation').
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Pid by dr naz pptx
pelvic inflammatory disease an update for mbbs,mcps,fcps,ms,dgo,mrcog candidates and general practitioner
20.Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory condition of the female upper genital tract that can involve the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and pelvic tissue. It is usually caused by bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted sexually. Left untreated, PID can lead to long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Treatment involves antibiotics, with hospitalization sometimes needed for severe or unresponsive cases. Prompt treatment is important to prevent permanent damage.
Syndromic management of sti's
This document provides guidelines for syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It discusses the syndromic approach to treating STIs based on common causative organisms for each syndrome. Flow charts are provided to guide clinicians through history taking, examination, risk assessment, diagnosis and treatment based on presenting symptoms and signs for various STI syndromes, including urethral discharge, vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, genital ulcers, scrotal swelling, and inguinal swelling. Treatment recommendations are given for each syndrome. The document emphasizes partner treatment, prevention counseling, and ensuring treatment compliance.
Presentation1
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is usually caused by ascending infection with bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis that spread from the vagina or cervix. Risk factors include multiple sex partners and prior STDs. Symptoms can include lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and treatment involves antibiotics targeting the common causative agents. Complications may include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain if left untreated. Prevention focuses on screening and treatment of STDs, partner management, and education.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease diagnosis and criteria
( without managements ).
by dr. Ali Kareem
final year medical student
Al Mustansiriyah University College of Medicine \ Baghdad \ IRAQ \ 2018
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that results from ascending bacteria. Common symptoms include lower abdominal pain and tenderness, along with vaginal discharge or dyspareunia. Examination may reveal cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness. Treatment involves antibiotics to cover common causative agents like Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Hospitalization is needed for severe cases, adolescents, or if symptoms preclude oral antibiotics. Partner treatment and abstinence from sex for 2 weeks is also recommended.
Pelvic inflamatory diseases health medicine
This document provides an overview of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), including its objectives, causes, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, management, and complications. PID is a spectrum of inflammation and infection of the upper female genital tract that is usually caused by sexually transmitted infections ascending from the vagina. Common symptoms include lower abdominal pain and fever. Diagnosis involves blood tests and pelvic ultrasound. Treatment involves antibiotics targeting the likely causative organisms. Complications can include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic infections if left untreated.
HIV, STI & EMTCT.pptx
This document discusses STI, HIV, and eMTCT (elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV). It defines key terms and outlines the prevalence of HIV and STIs in Uganda. It describes how STIs are transmitted and managed, including syndromic case management. It discusses complications of STIs and the burden of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. It provides a history of efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV, including Option B+ which initiates all HIV-infected pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy.
Recommended
Pid by dr naz pptx
pelvic inflammatory disease an update for mbbs,mcps,fcps,ms,dgo,mrcog candidates and general practitioner
20.Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory condition of the female upper genital tract that can involve the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and pelvic tissue. It is usually caused by bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted sexually. Left untreated, PID can lead to long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Treatment involves antibiotics, with hospitalization sometimes needed for severe or unresponsive cases. Prompt treatment is important to prevent permanent damage.
Syndromic management of sti's
This document provides guidelines for syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It discusses the syndromic approach to treating STIs based on common causative organisms for each syndrome. Flow charts are provided to guide clinicians through history taking, examination, risk assessment, diagnosis and treatment based on presenting symptoms and signs for various STI syndromes, including urethral discharge, vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, genital ulcers, scrotal swelling, and inguinal swelling. Treatment recommendations are given for each syndrome. The document emphasizes partner treatment, prevention counseling, and ensuring treatment compliance.
Presentation1
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is usually caused by ascending infection with bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis that spread from the vagina or cervix. Risk factors include multiple sex partners and prior STDs. Symptoms can include lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and treatment involves antibiotics targeting the common causative agents. Complications may include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain if left untreated. Prevention focuses on screening and treatment of STDs, partner management, and education.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease diagnosis and criteria
( without managements ).
by dr. Ali Kareem
final year medical student
Al Mustansiriyah University College of Medicine \ Baghdad \ IRAQ \ 2018
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that results from ascending bacteria. Common symptoms include lower abdominal pain and tenderness, along with vaginal discharge or dyspareunia. Examination may reveal cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness. Treatment involves antibiotics to cover common causative agents like Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Hospitalization is needed for severe cases, adolescents, or if symptoms preclude oral antibiotics. Partner treatment and abstinence from sex for 2 weeks is also recommended.
Pelvic inflamatory diseases health medicine
This document provides an overview of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), including its objectives, causes, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, management, and complications. PID is a spectrum of inflammation and infection of the upper female genital tract that is usually caused by sexually transmitted infections ascending from the vagina. Common symptoms include lower abdominal pain and fever. Diagnosis involves blood tests and pelvic ultrasound. Treatment involves antibiotics targeting the likely causative organisms. Complications can include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic infections if left untreated.
HIV, STI & EMTCT.pptx
This document discusses STI, HIV, and eMTCT (elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV). It defines key terms and outlines the prevalence of HIV and STIs in Uganda. It describes how STIs are transmitted and managed, including syndromic case management. It discusses complications of STIs and the burden of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. It provides a history of efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV, including Option B+ which initiates all HIV-infected pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy.
KHMH Obs gyn infections PID ulcers STDs vaginitis.ppt
This document provides information on common obstetrical and gynecological presentations to the emergency room, including vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital ulcers, genital warts, and Bartholin cysts/abscesses. For each condition, it defines the problem, describes typical symptoms, discusses causes and risk factors, provides guidance on diagnosis, and recommends treatment approaches. The goal is to strengthen emergency care for obstetrical and gynecological issues in Belize by educating physicians on evaluating, diagnosing, and managing a range of female reproductive health conditions.
Pelvicinflammatorydiseases chandni
PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs that can occur when bacteria spreads from the vagina or cervix into the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic tissue. Common causes are the bacteria that cause gonorrhea and chlamydia. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. Without treatment, PID can lead to long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Treatment involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria either orally or intravenously depending on the severity of symptoms. Prevention strategies include screening and treatment of STDs, partner treatment, and safer sex practices.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper female genital tract that is usually caused by bacteria spreading from the vagina and cervix. It is characterized by inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding pelvic structures. Common symptoms include lower abdominal and pelvic pain, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge, and dyspareunia. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria including cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness. Treatment involves antibiotics, with hospitalization required if the infection is severe. Complications can include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and recurrent infection if proper treatment and prevention measures are not followed.
Mgt of PID.pptx
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that is usually caused by sexually transmitted pathogens like Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is diagnosed clinically based on symptoms of pelvic or lower abdominal pain along with cervical motion tenderness and can be confirmed with laparoscopy. Treatment involves broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover common causes. Complications include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain if left untreated. Prevention focuses on sexual health education, screening, and prompt treatment of infections.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- acute and subclinical infection of the upper gen...
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that is commonly caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea. Common symptoms include pelvic pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. It is diagnosed through medical history, physical exam, tests to detect infections, and imaging. Treatment involves antibiotics to treat the infection and prevent long term complications, which can include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain if left untreated. Prevention focuses on barrier contraceptive use and early treatment of STIs.
pid.pptx
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an inflammation of the female genital tract that is usually caused by bacterial infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae spreading from the vagina or cervix. Left untreated, PID can cause serious complications like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection as well as managing symptoms. Prevention focuses on screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, particularly among young sexually active women.
(PID) PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE.pdf
This covers PID a female infection, typically for nurses, clinical officers and nurse assistants.
It will help prepare nurses in inter grated reproductive health and gynaecology.
03 female inlammatory diseases
PID is inflammation of the female upper genital tract that is usually caused by an ascending infection from untreated STDs like chlamydia or gonorrhea. It can lead to complications like pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Symptoms include abdominal pain and vaginal discharge, but are sometimes absent. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging, and ruling out other potential causes. Treatment requires antibiotics and potentially surgery for abscesses. Prevention involves screening, partner treatment, condom use, and health education.
PID lecture by Associate Professor Dr Aisha Elbareg
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and surrounding pelvic structures. It is usually caused by bacteria ascending from the cervix, such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PID can cause tubal scarring and blockages leading to ectopic pregnancy or infertility. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria including cervical motion tenderness and may include ultrasound or laparoscopy. Complications include tubo-ovarian abscesses, pelvic adhesions, and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease
This document provides an overview of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). It discusses the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, pathogenesis, stages, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, investigations, management, complications, prevention of reinfection, and follow up of PID. PID is caused by the ascending spread of microorganisms from the cervix to the upper genital tract organs. It is commonly caused by sexually transmitted organisms like N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. Clinical features include lower abdominal and pelvic pain, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge. Management involves antibiotic therapy based on CDC guidelines to treat infection and prevent complications like infertility.
Salpingitisandrelateddiseases jagdish ola
This document discusses salpingitis and related pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID). PID is a polymicrobial infection of the upper female genital tract caused by an ascending infection, often from Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Left untreated, PID can lead to long-term complications like infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and tubo-ovarian abscess. Treatment involves antibiotics to cure the infection and prevent further complications from damaging the fallopian tubes and reproductive organs.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract involving the fallopian tubes and ovaries. It is usually caused by ascending infection from the cervix or vagina, often due to bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners and IUD use. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and tenderness. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and testing for sexually transmitted infections. Treatment aims to cover common causative bacteria with antibiotic regimens. Without treatment, PID can cause long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy.
Pelvic inflammatory diseases
This document discusses Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), an infection of the female reproductive organs including the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. PID is caused by bacteria spreading from the vagina or cervix into the upper reproductive organs. Common causes are the sexually transmitted infections chlamydia and gonorrhea. Symptoms include abdominal pain and abnormal discharge. Treatment involves antibiotics to prevent complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Prevention focuses on screening and treatment of chlamydia, as well as testing and treating partners of those diagnosed with PID.
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE.pptx
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the female upper genital tract that is usually caused by sexually transmitted pathogens like Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can cause tubal scarring and adhesions over time, leading to complications like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. While antibiotics are used to treat the infection, physiotherapy may help manage pain from adhesions or scarring in some chronic cases.
pid.pptx
Definition
PID is a disease of the upper genital tract.
It is a spectrum of infection and inflammation of the upper genital tract organs typically involving the uterus (endometrium), fallopian tubes, ovaries, pelvic peritoneum and surrounding structures.
Epidemiology
Occurs both in the developed and developing
countries.
85 per cent are spontaneous infection in sexually active females of reproductive age.
The remaining 15 per cent follow procedures, which favors the organisms to ascend up.
Two-thirds are restricted to young women of less than 25 years and the remaining one-third limited among 30 years or older.
Risk factors
Menstruating teenagers.
Multiple sexual partners.
Absence of contraceptive pill use.
Previous history of acute PID.
IUD users.
Area with high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases.
Protective factors
Contraceptive practice
Barrier methods
Oral steroidal contraceptives
Monogamy / Vasectomy
Others
Pregnancy
Menopause
Vaccines
CLINICAL FEATURES
Bilateral lower abdominal and pelvic pain dull in nature.
Fever, lassitude and headache.
Irregular and excessive vaginal bleeding .
Abnormal vaginal discharge (purulent or copious)
Nausea and vomiting.
Dyspareunia.
Pain and discomfort in the right hypochondrium.
Signs
Temperature >38.3°C.
Abdominal palpation
(1) Tenderness on both the quadrants of lower abdomen.
(2) The liver may be enlarged and tender.
Vaginal examination
(1) Abnormal vaginal discharge (purulent).
(2) Congested external urethral meatus or openings of Bartholin’s ducts through which pus may be seen escaping out on pressure.
(3) Speculum examination shows congested cervix with purulent discharge from the canal.
Clinical diagnostic criteria of PID (CDC-2006)
Minimum Criteria
Lower abdominal tenderness.
Adnexal tenderness.
Cervical motion tenderness.
Additional Criteria
Oral temperature > 38.3°C.
Mucopurulent cervical or vaginal discharge.
Raised C-reactive protein and/or ESR.
Definitive Criteria
Histopathologic evidence of endometritis on biopsy.
Imaging study (TVS/MRI) evidence of tubo-ovarian complex.
Laparoscopic evidence of PID
Investigations
Identification of organisms
Blood: Leucocyte count shows leucocytosis to more than 10,000 per cu mm and an elevated ESR value of more than 15 mm per hour.
Laparoscopy
Complications Of Pid
Immediate
Pelvic peritonitis or even generalized
Septicemia
Late
Dyspareunia
Infertility
Chronic pelvic inflammation
Formation of adhesions or hydrosalpinx or pyosalpinx and tubo-ovarian abscess.
Chronic pelvic pain and ill health.
Ambulatory Management Of Acute PID (CDC-2006)
Patient should have oral therapy for 14 days
Regimen A
Levofloxacin 500 mg (or, ofloxacin 400 mg) PO
Metronidazole 500 PO bid
Regimen B
Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM single dose
Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID with or without
Metronidazole 500 mg PO BID for 14
pid-221203161255-84df03af.pdf
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract affecting the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding structures. It occurs most often in sexually active young women under 25 years old and risk factors include multiple sexual partners and lack of contraceptive use. Common symptoms include lower abdominal pain and fever. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria such as abdominal and adnexal tenderness. Treatment involves oral or intravenous antibiotics for 14 days to prevent complications like infertility, chronic pelvic pain and tubo-ovarian abscesses.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that can cause long-term complications like infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Common causes are sexually transmitted bacteria like Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Diagnosis involves examining for cervical tenderness and confirming with tests like endometrial biopsy or laparoscopy. Treatment aims to eliminate the infections with antibiotics and prevent complications through follow up testing and partner treatment. Long term risks counseling is important due to potential issues like chronic pelvic pain.
PelvicInflammatoryDisease_Abbott.ppt
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract caused by bacteria like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea ascending from the vagina and cervix. It affects approximately 1 million US women annually and is the most common complication of sexually transmitted infections. Symptoms can range from abdominal pain and abnormal bleeding to fever in severe cases. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection and prevent long-term complications like ectopic pregnancy and infertility that can occur in up to 50% of women after repeated episodes of PID.
GENITAL TRACT INFECTIONS.pptx
Lower genital tract infections are common and caused by various organisms like Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella species, and human papillomavirus. Symptoms include abnormal discharge and itching. Diagnosis involves examinations and labs. Treatments include antifungals, metronidazole, cryotherapy, and surgery. Upper tract infections like pelvic inflammatory disease involve the uterus and ovaries and are usually caused by ascending bacteria. They can cause infertility if not treated properly with antibiotics.
PID.pptx
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs that arises from the endocervix and causes inflammation of the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic tissue. It is usually sexually transmitted and can lead to tubal damage and scarring, increasing risks of ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Symptoms include abdominal pain and abnormal bleeding or discharge, but diagnosis can be difficult due to non-specific signs. Treatment involves antibiotics to cure the infection as well as prevent future complications on reproductive health.
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa
Definition and presentation
Key features:
Weight loss, typically via restriction of caloric intake ('restricting type'). Can also be of a binge/purge type, involving behaviours such as vomiting, intense exercise, or laxative use.
Results in weight less than 85% of that expected, or BMI 17 is mild.
Fear of weight gain.
Feeling fat when thin.
Endocrine dysfunction: amenorrhea for 3 months, or ↓libido in men.
Other features:
Mental state: fatigue, impaired cognition due to cerebral atrophy, altered sleep.
Sensations: cold sensitive, dizzy.
CV: arrhythmias due to hypokalaemia, heart failure. Hypokalaemia is usually a consequence of purging behaviour.
Sexual: psychosexual problems, ↓fertility.
GI: constipation.
Skin: dry skin, fine body hair (lanugo).
Bone: osteoporosis, dental caries.
Obs: ↓temperature, ↓BP, ↓HR.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
Pathophysiology and epidemiology
Dopamine theory:
Overactive dopamine system, especially in the mesolimbic area, causes the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Associated brain changes:
Larger lateral ventricles.
Reduced volume of the frontal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, temporal lobe, and/or amygdala.
None of these changes are especially sensitive or specific.
Epidemiology:
0.5% lifetime risk.
Medicos PDF is a platform where students can download their own medical books for free and share with their Medical friends.
More Related Content
Similar to Pelvic inflammatory disease (pid)
KHMH Obs gyn infections PID ulcers STDs vaginitis.ppt
This document provides information on common obstetrical and gynecological presentations to the emergency room, including vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital ulcers, genital warts, and Bartholin cysts/abscesses. For each condition, it defines the problem, describes typical symptoms, discusses causes and risk factors, provides guidance on diagnosis, and recommends treatment approaches. The goal is to strengthen emergency care for obstetrical and gynecological issues in Belize by educating physicians on evaluating, diagnosing, and managing a range of female reproductive health conditions.
Pelvicinflammatorydiseases chandni
PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs that can occur when bacteria spreads from the vagina or cervix into the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic tissue. Common causes are the bacteria that cause gonorrhea and chlamydia. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. Without treatment, PID can lead to long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Treatment involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria either orally or intravenously depending on the severity of symptoms. Prevention strategies include screening and treatment of STDs, partner treatment, and safer sex practices.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper female genital tract that is usually caused by bacteria spreading from the vagina and cervix. It is characterized by inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding pelvic structures. Common symptoms include lower abdominal and pelvic pain, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge, and dyspareunia. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria including cervical motion tenderness and adnexal tenderness. Treatment involves antibiotics, with hospitalization required if the infection is severe. Complications can include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and recurrent infection if proper treatment and prevention measures are not followed.
Mgt of PID.pptx
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that is usually caused by sexually transmitted pathogens like Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is diagnosed clinically based on symptoms of pelvic or lower abdominal pain along with cervical motion tenderness and can be confirmed with laparoscopy. Treatment involves broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover common causes. Complications include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain if left untreated. Prevention focuses on sexual health education, screening, and prompt treatment of infections.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- acute and subclinical infection of the upper gen...
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that is commonly caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea. Common symptoms include pelvic pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. It is diagnosed through medical history, physical exam, tests to detect infections, and imaging. Treatment involves antibiotics to treat the infection and prevent long term complications, which can include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain if left untreated. Prevention focuses on barrier contraceptive use and early treatment of STIs.
pid.pptx
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an inflammation of the female genital tract that is usually caused by bacterial infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae spreading from the vagina or cervix. Left untreated, PID can cause serious complications like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection as well as managing symptoms. Prevention focuses on screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, particularly among young sexually active women.
(PID) PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE.pdf
This covers PID a female infection, typically for nurses, clinical officers and nurse assistants.
It will help prepare nurses in inter grated reproductive health and gynaecology.
03 female inlammatory diseases
PID is inflammation of the female upper genital tract that is usually caused by an ascending infection from untreated STDs like chlamydia or gonorrhea. It can lead to complications like pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Symptoms include abdominal pain and vaginal discharge, but are sometimes absent. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging, and ruling out other potential causes. Treatment requires antibiotics and potentially surgery for abscesses. Prevention involves screening, partner treatment, condom use, and health education.
PID lecture by Associate Professor Dr Aisha Elbareg
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and surrounding pelvic structures. It is usually caused by bacteria ascending from the cervix, such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PID can cause tubal scarring and blockages leading to ectopic pregnancy or infertility. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria including cervical motion tenderness and may include ultrasound or laparoscopy. Complications include tubo-ovarian abscesses, pelvic adhesions, and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease
This document provides an overview of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). It discusses the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, pathogenesis, stages, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, investigations, management, complications, prevention of reinfection, and follow up of PID. PID is caused by the ascending spread of microorganisms from the cervix to the upper genital tract organs. It is commonly caused by sexually transmitted organisms like N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. Clinical features include lower abdominal and pelvic pain, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge. Management involves antibiotic therapy based on CDC guidelines to treat infection and prevent complications like infertility.
Salpingitisandrelateddiseases jagdish ola
This document discusses salpingitis and related pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID). PID is a polymicrobial infection of the upper female genital tract caused by an ascending infection, often from Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Left untreated, PID can lead to long-term complications like infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and tubo-ovarian abscess. Treatment involves antibiotics to cure the infection and prevent further complications from damaging the fallopian tubes and reproductive organs.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract involving the fallopian tubes and ovaries. It is usually caused by ascending infection from the cervix or vagina, often due to bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners and IUD use. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain and tenderness. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and testing for sexually transmitted infections. Treatment aims to cover common causative bacteria with antibiotic regimens. Without treatment, PID can cause long-term complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy.
Pelvic inflammatory diseases
This document discusses Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), an infection of the female reproductive organs including the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. PID is caused by bacteria spreading from the vagina or cervix into the upper reproductive organs. Common causes are the sexually transmitted infections chlamydia and gonorrhea. Symptoms include abdominal pain and abnormal discharge. Treatment involves antibiotics to prevent complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Prevention focuses on screening and treatment of chlamydia, as well as testing and treating partners of those diagnosed with PID.
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE.pptx
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the female upper genital tract that is usually caused by sexually transmitted pathogens like Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can cause tubal scarring and adhesions over time, leading to complications like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. While antibiotics are used to treat the infection, physiotherapy may help manage pain from adhesions or scarring in some chronic cases.
pid.pptx
Definition
PID is a disease of the upper genital tract.
It is a spectrum of infection and inflammation of the upper genital tract organs typically involving the uterus (endometrium), fallopian tubes, ovaries, pelvic peritoneum and surrounding structures.
Epidemiology
Occurs both in the developed and developing
countries.
85 per cent are spontaneous infection in sexually active females of reproductive age.
The remaining 15 per cent follow procedures, which favors the organisms to ascend up.
Two-thirds are restricted to young women of less than 25 years and the remaining one-third limited among 30 years or older.
Risk factors
Menstruating teenagers.
Multiple sexual partners.
Absence of contraceptive pill use.
Previous history of acute PID.
IUD users.
Area with high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases.
Protective factors
Contraceptive practice
Barrier methods
Oral steroidal contraceptives
Monogamy / Vasectomy
Others
Pregnancy
Menopause
Vaccines
CLINICAL FEATURES
Bilateral lower abdominal and pelvic pain dull in nature.
Fever, lassitude and headache.
Irregular and excessive vaginal bleeding .
Abnormal vaginal discharge (purulent or copious)
Nausea and vomiting.
Dyspareunia.
Pain and discomfort in the right hypochondrium.
Signs
Temperature >38.3°C.
Abdominal palpation
(1) Tenderness on both the quadrants of lower abdomen.
(2) The liver may be enlarged and tender.
Vaginal examination
(1) Abnormal vaginal discharge (purulent).
(2) Congested external urethral meatus or openings of Bartholin’s ducts through which pus may be seen escaping out on pressure.
(3) Speculum examination shows congested cervix with purulent discharge from the canal.
Clinical diagnostic criteria of PID (CDC-2006)
Minimum Criteria
Lower abdominal tenderness.
Adnexal tenderness.
Cervical motion tenderness.
Additional Criteria
Oral temperature > 38.3°C.
Mucopurulent cervical or vaginal discharge.
Raised C-reactive protein and/or ESR.
Definitive Criteria
Histopathologic evidence of endometritis on biopsy.
Imaging study (TVS/MRI) evidence of tubo-ovarian complex.
Laparoscopic evidence of PID
Investigations
Identification of organisms
Blood: Leucocyte count shows leucocytosis to more than 10,000 per cu mm and an elevated ESR value of more than 15 mm per hour.
Laparoscopy
Complications Of Pid
Immediate
Pelvic peritonitis or even generalized
Septicemia
Late
Dyspareunia
Infertility
Chronic pelvic inflammation
Formation of adhesions or hydrosalpinx or pyosalpinx and tubo-ovarian abscess.
Chronic pelvic pain and ill health.
Ambulatory Management Of Acute PID (CDC-2006)
Patient should have oral therapy for 14 days
Regimen A
Levofloxacin 500 mg (or, ofloxacin 400 mg) PO
Metronidazole 500 PO bid
Regimen B
Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM single dose
Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID with or without
Metronidazole 500 mg PO BID for 14
pid-221203161255-84df03af.pdf
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract affecting the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding structures. It occurs most often in sexually active young women under 25 years old and risk factors include multiple sexual partners and lack of contraceptive use. Common symptoms include lower abdominal pain and fever. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria such as abdominal and adnexal tenderness. Treatment involves oral or intravenous antibiotics for 14 days to prevent complications like infertility, chronic pelvic pain and tubo-ovarian abscesses.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that can cause long-term complications like infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Common causes are sexually transmitted bacteria like Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Diagnosis involves examining for cervical tenderness and confirming with tests like endometrial biopsy or laparoscopy. Treatment aims to eliminate the infections with antibiotics and prevent complications through follow up testing and partner treatment. Long term risks counseling is important due to potential issues like chronic pelvic pain.
PelvicInflammatoryDisease_Abbott.ppt
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract caused by bacteria like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea ascending from the vagina and cervix. It affects approximately 1 million US women annually and is the most common complication of sexually transmitted infections. Symptoms can range from abdominal pain and abnormal bleeding to fever in severe cases. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection and prevent long-term complications like ectopic pregnancy and infertility that can occur in up to 50% of women after repeated episodes of PID.
GENITAL TRACT INFECTIONS.pptx
Lower genital tract infections are common and caused by various organisms like Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella species, and human papillomavirus. Symptoms include abnormal discharge and itching. Diagnosis involves examinations and labs. Treatments include antifungals, metronidazole, cryotherapy, and surgery. Upper tract infections like pelvic inflammatory disease involve the uterus and ovaries and are usually caused by ascending bacteria. They can cause infertility if not treated properly with antibiotics.
PID.pptx
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs that arises from the endocervix and causes inflammation of the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic tissue. It is usually sexually transmitted and can lead to tubal damage and scarring, increasing risks of ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Symptoms include abdominal pain and abnormal bleeding or discharge, but diagnosis can be difficult due to non-specific signs. Treatment involves antibiotics to cure the infection as well as prevent future complications on reproductive health.
Similar to Pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) (20)
KHMH Obs gyn infections PID ulcers STDs vaginitis.ppt
KHMH Obs gyn infections PID ulcers STDs vaginitis.ppt
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- acute and subclinical infection of the upper gen...
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- acute and subclinical infection of the upper gen...
PID lecture by Associate Professor Dr Aisha Elbareg
PID lecture by Associate Professor Dr Aisha Elbareg
More from AayushPokharel10
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa
Definition and presentation
Key features:
Weight loss, typically via restriction of caloric intake ('restricting type'). Can also be of a binge/purge type, involving behaviours such as vomiting, intense exercise, or laxative use.
Results in weight less than 85% of that expected, or BMI 17 is mild.
Fear of weight gain.
Feeling fat when thin.
Endocrine dysfunction: amenorrhea for 3 months, or ↓libido in men.
Other features:
Mental state: fatigue, impaired cognition due to cerebral atrophy, altered sleep.
Sensations: cold sensitive, dizzy.
CV: arrhythmias due to hypokalaemia, heart failure. Hypokalaemia is usually a consequence of purging behaviour.
Sexual: psychosexual problems, ↓fertility.
GI: constipation.
Skin: dry skin, fine body hair (lanugo).
Bone: osteoporosis, dental caries.
Obs: ↓temperature, ↓BP, ↓HR.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
Pathophysiology and epidemiology
Dopamine theory:
Overactive dopamine system, especially in the mesolimbic area, causes the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Associated brain changes:
Larger lateral ventricles.
Reduced volume of the frontal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, temporal lobe, and/or amygdala.
None of these changes are especially sensitive or specific.
Epidemiology:
0.5% lifetime risk.
Medicos PDF is a platform where students can download their own medical books for free and share with their Medical friends.
Myeloma
multiple myeloma
Pathophysiology
Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
Causes bone marrow destruction via infiltration, and bone destruction via ↑RANKL activity (causing ↑osteoclast activity).
A single clone of plasma cells produce large amounts of identical immunoglobulin (a 'paraprotein' or 'monoclonal band'), as well as free κ or λ light chains (also a 'paraprotein', or 'Bence Jones protein' if in the urine).
Classified by Ig class, with prevalence reflecting prevalence in normal blood: IgG (⅔), IgA (⅓), remainder IgM or IgD.
Immunoglobulin classes other than that of the proliferating clone are relatively low ('immunoparesis').
Epidemiology
Lifetime risk: 1/140.
Incidence steadily increases with age. Rare <55.
Slightly commoner in men.
2x commoner in blacks vs. whites.
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
Definition
Lymphoma is a malignant proliferation of mature lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes ± other tissue, often as a solid tumour. Differs from leukaemia, which arises in the bone marrow and is present in the blood.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) represent 80% of all lymphomas, and are distinguished from Hodgkin's lymphoma by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells on light microscopy.
NHL are a diverse group of conditions, with proliferating cells potentially accumulating in various sites, including lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), CNS, and skin.
90% are B cell proliferations, 10% T cell.
Types
Low-grade lymphoma:
Slow growing, good prognosis, but hard to cure.
Follicular lymphoma. CD20 +ve.
Marginal zone lymphoma. Various types including MALT, which can occur in stomach, lung, thyroid, or salivary/tear glands. Generally remain localised to original organ so good prognosis.
Lymphocytic lymphoma. Similar to CLL.
Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (aka lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma). ↑IgM production.
Speech problems
Speech problems
Dysphasia
Overview:
• A deficit in the higher language functions i.e. comprehension and generation.
• Aphasia is a total absence.
• Most commonly due to a left anterior circulation stroke.
• If speech is internally consistent but nonsense, it is confusion not dysphasia.
Receptive (Wernicke's) dysphasia
• Temporal lobe lesion.
• Patient can't follow a command e.g. lift a hand. If the problem is only with a series of commands, the more they can manage then the better the prognosis.
Visual problems, nystagmus, and vertigo
This document discusses various visual problems including field defects, diplopia, nystagmus, and vertigo. It defines these conditions and outlines their typical causes. Field defects can result from lesions anywhere along the visual pathway and present as scotomas, hemianopias or quadrantanopias. Diplopia can be binocular or monocular with various causes such as cranial nerve palsies or myasthenia gravis. Nystagmus includes jerk, pendular, and gaze-evoked types and may be congenital or acquired from vestibular or central nervous system lesions. Vertigo can be peripheral from issues like BPPV, Meniere's disease, or vestibular neur
Cranial nerve problems
Cranial nerve problems
Neuroanatomy
In simple terms, the cranial nerve nuclei are in 4 groups:
• Cortex: CN1 (olfactory bulb), CN2 (occipital lobe).
• Midbrain: CN3-4.
• Pons: CN5-8.
• Medulla (aka 'bulb'): CN9-12.
Upper motor neuron cranial nerve lesions
Pathophysiology
• Lesions of the cortex or corticobulbar tract.
• The corticobulbar tract supplies all the cranial nerves (except 3, 4, 6) on its way to the medulla.
Neurological examination
Neurological examination
Limb motor examination
Mnemonic:
Observe The Patient Really F'ing Carefully.
Observation, Tone, Power, Reflexes, Function, Co-ordination.
Observation
Inspect carefully and for a good amount of time, moving around and crouching to make sure you properly look, including under feet and/or on both sides of hands (turn them over).
Look for SWIFT:
Scarring, and ask if there's any you can't see.
Wasting
Involuntary movements.
Fasciculations: take time, look in plane.
Tremor
Upper limb:
Ask if left or right handed.
Pronator drift: have them extend arms palms up, eyes closed. If there is an UMN lesion, contralateral pronation is stronger, causing pronation ± drift. If there is a cerebellar lesion, the contralateral arm may drift upwards.
Limb rebound: have them push their outstretched, upturned palms against your straight arm. If there is a cerebellar hemisphere lesion, the ipsilateral arm will jump up when you move your arm away.
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of lymphoma characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. It represents 20% of lymphomas and is a B-cell cancer that commonly involves lymph nodes in the neck. Signs and symptoms include painless swollen lymph nodes and B symptoms such as weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Staging involves imaging tests and determines prognosis and treatment, which typically consists of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Complications can include infection, superior vena cava obstruction, and secondary cancers from treatment. With treatment, 5-year survival rates are 90% for early stage disease and 75% for later stages.
Labour complications
Non-progressive labour
Management
Steps in managing non-progressive 1st stage are similar to induction of labour, but skipping cervical ripening:
First: analgesia, empty bladder, and ensure membranes ruptured. Artificial rupture if required.
If dilating
Non-progressive 2nd stage:
If fetal malposition (OP or OT): rotate manually, rotation ventouse, or Kielland's forceps.
If position correct(ed) (OA): oxytocin → if unsuccessful, traction ventouse or forceps.
C-section if above steps fail.
Complications
Postpartum hemorrhage.
Uterine rupture.
Fistula
Shoulder dystocia.
Hypoxia
Gestational diabetes (gdm)
Gestational diabetes (GDM)
Pathophysiology
↑Progesterone and cortisol → ↑insulin resistance → ↑glucose in previously non-diabetic woman.
Usually develops at 24-28 weeks.
See separate page on diabetes management in pregnancy for women with pre-existing diabetes.
Risk factors
MACROS:
Medical or family history of GDM, macrosomia, or T2 diabetes.
Age >40 years.
Cystic: PCOS.
Race: non-white, including South Asian and black Caribbean.
Obese
Smoking
Investigations
If there are risk factors, do oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after fasting overnight:
Check plasma glucose, give 75 g glucose, then repeat plasma glucose after 2 hours.
≥5.6 mmol/L fasting OR ≥7.8 mmol/L at 2h = GDM.
Who and when to test:
If they have a past history of GDM or BMI ≥40, test at 18 weeks and re-test at 28 weeks if normal.
All other risk factors: test once at 24-28 weeks.
Check HbA1c at diagnosis to identify any pre-existing type 2 diabetes.
Ectopic pregnancy
Pathophysiology and epidemiology
Implantation of a fertilised egg outside of the uterus. Almost uniformly unviable.
Affects 1/100 pregnancies.
98% are tubal, usually in the ampulla. Remainder are in the ovaries, cervix, and peritoneum, the latter sometimes carrying to the 3rd trimester.
Eventually, trophoblast invasion of the tubal wall can cause tubal rupture and potentially major haemorrhage. However, many cases resolve spontaneously without rupture.
Presentation
Typical presentation:
Patients usually present 6-8 weeks after last period, though 30% present before a missed period.
Common symptoms are PV bleeding (dark or fresh) – which can occur with or without rupture – and/or abdominal or pelvic pain. However, many patients are asymptomatic.
Other possible features:
Syncope and dizziness.
Shoulder tip pain.
Painful defecation and urination.
Diarrhoea and vomiting.
Adnexal mass or big uterus.
Cervical excitation
Sudden rupture: peritonism and shock.
Dysphagia
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing.
Causes
Intraluminal:
Infection: candidiasis, pharyngitis, retropharyngeal abscess.
Oesophagitis
Foreign body.
Polyps
Intramural:
Benign strictures (GORD) or malignant strictures.
Achalasia
Oesophageal web (Plummer Vinson syndrome): iron deficiency anaemia leads to desquamated epithelium. Commonest in middle-aged women.
Oesophageal ring (Schatzki ring): ring of mucosal tissue.
Oesophageal spasm.
Systemic sclerosis.
Extramural:
Pharyngeal pouch.
Rolling hiatus hernia.
Malignancy
Retrosternal goitre.
Thoracic artery aneurysm.
Neurological:
Stroke, myasthenia gravis, MS, MND, Parkinson's.
See bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
Abnormal structure or function of the myocardium.
Newer definitions require it to be unexplained by ischaemic, hypertensive, or valvular disease, with the term limited to myocardial diseases with known genetic, morphological, and/or functional characteristics.
It often leads to heart failure, and in rarer cases, sudden cardiac death.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Pathophysiology and epidemiology
Commonest cardiomyopathy. Exact prevalence unclear but probably more than 1/500. Can present at any age.
Features:
Dilated chambers.
Systolic dysfunction.
↓Cardiac output.
Causes:
Idiopathic
Familial, 2/3 of which are autosomal dominant.
Cardiovascular: ischaemia, HTN, valve disease. See 'Definition' above about why this isn't strictly speaking 'cardiomyopathy'.
Myocarditis: viral, Chagas disease.
Alcohol
Pregnancy: Peripartum cardiomyopathy.
Stress: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
Tachycardia: 'tachymyopathy', usually in chronic SVT such as atrial flutter or AF.
Multi-system disease: thyrotoxicosis, sarcoidosis, haemochromatosis.
Burns
Burn depths
Superficial epidermal (1st degree)
Commonly due to sunburn.
Red, painful, peels.
Heals in days and leaves no scar.
Dermal (2nd degree)
Defining feature: blistering.
Superficial dermal (aka partial thickness):
Pink below blister, blanches on pressure, painful.
Heals in 2–3 weeks and leaves no scar.
Deep dermal (aka full thickness):
Deep red below blister from vasodilation, or red dots (vessels) on white background. No or slow blanching.
May be sensory changes.
>3 weeks to heal, and leaves scar.
Subdermal (3rd degree)
Damage extends into subcutaneous tissue.
White (or charred), painless (insensate), leathery skin.
Heals slowly by contraction.
Leg ulcers
Definitions
Ulcer: discontinuity of skin with complete break in epidermis and possibly dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
Erosion: partial break in epidermis. Appears bright red and weepy.
Causes
Trauma and/or internal pathology.
Types: arterial, venous, vasculitis, or neuropathic. For the latter, see diabetic foot, the commonest cause of neuropathic ulceration.
Rash
Rash history
Much of the diagnosis comes from examining the rash or lesion itself, but history taking is still important.
History of presenting complaint
Features of the rash:
Evolution of rash/lesion over time.
Onset at multiple sites and/or symmetrical? Suggests an internal cause.
Does sun exposure make it worse (e.g. SLE) or better (e.g. psoriasis)?
Associated symptoms:
Itch (common) and pain (uncommon), both of which can be explored with SOCRATES.
Ooze or weeping? Suggests eczema.
Loosing sleep from discomfort?
Possible causes:
Contact with substances at work or as part of a hobby. May cause allergic or irritant contact dermatitis.
Medications.
Sun exposure history if you suspect cancer:
Do you tan/burn often?
Sunbed use.
Lived abroad?
Worked outside?
The medicos PDF app was used to collect this information. I stumbled discovered this amazing app when searching for various slides and books and decided to share it with you all. The Google Play Store has a free version of the app.
Cardiac medications
ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)
Drugs
ACEi include enalapril, ramipril, and lisinopril.
ARBs include losartan and candesartan.
Mechanism
Reduce levels (ACEi) or effects (ARB) of angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II increases BP via systemic vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and aldosterone and ADH release.
Lower efficacy in black patients, so not 1st line in this group.
The medicos PDF app was used to collect this information. I stumbled discovered this amazing app when searching for various slides and books and decided to share it with you all. The Google Play Store has a free version of the app.
Bradycardias and conduction defects
Bradycardias and conduction defects
Sinus bradycardia
Sinus rhythm
Causes
Myocardial: inferior MI, myocarditis.
CV drugs: β-blockers, α2-agonists (clonidine), rate-limiting CCBs, digoxin, amiodarone.
CNS drugs: opioids, BZD.
Sick sinus syndrome
Metabolic: ↑K+, hypothyroidism, hypothermia.
Physiological states: high levels of fitness, pain.
Anorexia nervosa.
Cushing reflex: response to ↑ICP.
Sick sinus syndrome
Aka sinus node dysfunction.
Usually due to idiopathic SA node fibrosis. May also be secondary to cardiomyopathy, infiltrative disease (amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, haemochromatosis), drugs (digoxin, β-blockers), or metabolic problems (↑K+, ↓Ca2+, ↓thyroid).
Causes sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, or exit block. May also cause episodes of tachycardia (tachy-brady syndrome, brady-tachy syndrome).
Keywords:
what is bradyarrhythmias, bradyarrhythmia vs bradycardia, types of bradyarrhythmias, sinus bradycardia, wide qrs complex bradycardia causes, bradyarrhythmia ppt, sinus bradycardia left axis deviation, wide complex bradycardia treatment, what is bradyarrhythmias, bradyarrhythmia vs bradycardia, types of bradyarrhythmias, sinus bradycardia, wide qrs complex bradycardia causes, bradyarrhythmia ppt, bradycardias and conduction defects
Cardiovascular examination
The medicos PDF app was used to collect this information. I stumbled discovered this amazing app when searching for various slides and books and decided to share it with you all. The Google Play Store has a free version of the app.
Importance for learners:
MBBS/Dental
Nursing
Pharmacy
Microbiology
BPH
MPH
MDS
MD
Ophthalmology
Paramedics
More from AayushPokharel10 (20)
Recently uploaded
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptxMGM SCHOOL/COLLEGE OF NURSING
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeProf. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Recently uploaded (20)
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (pid)
- 1. z This slide is made with the assistance of Medicos PDF app: https://bookapp.page.link/slideshare Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) salpingitis
- 2. z Pathophysiology • Acute inflammation of the upper genital tract – the uterus or adnexa – from an ascending infection – usually chlamydia or gonorrhea (25%). May lead to epithelial damage thus allowing further pathogen entry. • Involves any combination of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, or pelvic peritonitis. • Rarer causes: Gardnerella vaginalis, H. influenzae, Strep agalactiae (Group B Strep), CMV. • Often no pathogen is found.
- 4. z Signs and symptoms Symptoms: • Varies from asymptomatic to severe. • Pain: lower abdominal (often bilateral), lower back, and deep dyspareunia. • Systemic: fever, nausea and vomiting. • Discharge and bleeding: cervical or vaginal mucopurulent discharge, postcoital or intermenstrual bleeding. On bimanual examination, tenderness in the uterus, adnexa, and cervix ('cervical excitation').
- 5. z Risk factors • Sexually active, especially if unprotected. • History of STIs. • Age 18-25. • IUCD
- 6. z Investigations Initial tests: • Bloods: ↑WBC, ↑ESR/CRP. • Vaginal or endocervical swabs: send for chlamydia and gonorrhea nucleic acid amplification test. • Urine: rule out UTI, and pregnancy test to rule out ectopic.
- 7. z Investigations Optional further tests: • Transvaginal US may show fluid-filled fallopian tubes, endometrial thickening, or tubo-ovarian abscess. Also helps rule out other conditions. • Screen for other STIs. • Consider pelvic CT or MRI if severe. • Laparoscopy can help make the diagnosis and rule out alternative causes, but is invasive and not routinely used.
- 8. z Investigations Diagnosis: • Can often be made clinically, especially as swabs may be negative even if PID present. • However, PID is unlikely if WBC, ESR, and swabs are normal.
- 10. z Management Antibiotics: • Ceftriaxone IM once, then doxycycline PO ± metronidazole PO for 2 weeks. • If severe – >38°C, peritonitis, or abscess – give ceftriaxone IV + metronidazole IV + doxycycline PO, then switch to metronidazole PO + doxycycline PO. • Screen and treat sexual contacts. Also: • Analgesia • Consider removing IUCD, but balance against risks of pregnancy. • Repeat testing 3-6 months later to ensure no recurrence.
- 11. z Complications • Scarring and adhesions to nearby tissue or organs, causing chronic pain. • Tubo-ovarian abscess. • Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome (10%): RUQ pain due to perihepatitis. • Obstetric: infertility, ectopic pregnancy.
- 12. z Thank You Keep supporting Medicos PDF app. To find hundreds of books, slides and news visit the app. https://bookapp.page.link/slideshare