Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs, primarily caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. It is estimated that over one million women in India are affected, with incidence peaks in young women aged 20-24. Management includes outpatient treatment for mild cases, hospitalization for severe instances, nursing assessments, and supportive care measures.

3. Pelvic inflammatory disease
PRESENTED BY:
ANANNYA CHATTERJEE
ROLL NO: 2288007
M.Sc Nursing 1st yr

4. Introduction:
 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female
reproductive organs. It most often occurs when sexually transmitted
bacteria spread from your vagina to your uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries.

5. EPIDEMIOLOGY:
 Although there are no nationwide data on prevalence of PIDs in
India, based on statistical projections it is estimated that the
number of patients with PID is likely to be more than one
million.
 In modern industrialized countries, the annual incidence of PID
in women 15 to 39 years of age seems to be 10 to 13 per 1,000
women, with a peak incidence of about 20 per 1,000 women in
the age group 20 to 24 years

6. DEFINITION:
 PID is a spectrum of infection and inflammation of the
upper genital tract organs typically involving the uterus
(endometrium), fallopian tubes, ovaries, pelvic
peritoneum and surrounding structures.

7. ETIOLOGY:
 HANDOUTS

8. RISK FACTORS:
-Early age at first intercourse.
-Multiple sexual partner's.
-Frequent intercourse.
-Sex with a partner with an STD.
-having a IUD
-History of STD and previous pelvic infection.

9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
In PID organisms usually ascends from lower tract to upper side,
this commonly occurs during pregnancy, because there is
increased blood supply to the organs.
These post partum and post abortion infection tend to be
unilateral
Infection can cause perihepatic inflammation when the organisms
invades the peritoneum

10. In gonorrheal infection, the gonococci pass through the
cervical canal into the uterus especially during menstruation,
when the environment is favorable.
In rare cases the infection spreads through blood stream from
the lungs.

11. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:

12.  Vaginal discharge(Unusual or heavy vaginal
discharge that may have an unpleasant odor)
 Unusual bleeding from the vagina, especially
during or after sex, or between mensturation

13. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

17. MANAGEMENT
Patient's with mild infection are treated in outpatient
department but hospitalization may be necessary in some
cases.
- Bed rest.
- Intravenous fluids.
- Broad spectrum IV antibiotic are started.
- If patient has abdominal distension than nasogastric
intubation and suction are initiated.

19. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

20.  pamphlet

22. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

24. NURSING MANGEMENT:

25. ASSESSMENT:
 Obtain information regarding the client’s past and present sexual
partners and exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
 Obtain information about the client’s cultural background for risk
factors.
 Assess for any specific signs and symptoms, if present, and notify
the healthcare provider.
 Determine if the infection is either primary or recurrent.
 Obtain appropriate specimens and monitor laboratory/ diagnostic
studies as indicated.

26. NURSING DIAGNOSIS:
1)Hyperthermia related to inflammation of the upper genital
tract.
2)Acute pain related to inflammation and congestion of
reproductive and pelvic tissues.
3)Sexual dysfunction related to dyspareunia secondary to
pelvic inflammatory disease.
4)Impaired urinary elimination related to inflammatory
process.
5) Risk for Situational Low Self-Esteem as possibly
evidenced by perceived stigma of infection of reproductive
system

27. NURSING INTERVENTIONS:

28. 1. Promote non pharmacological pain management (e.g., quiet
environment, calm activities, comfort measures, relaxation exercises,
diversional or distraction activities, etc.)
2. Maintain bed rest.
3. Encourage verbalization of pain; observe for objective cues of pain
experienced.
4. Promote surface cooling by means of undressing, cool environment,
tepid sponge bath etc.
5. Monitor body temperature and other vital signs regularly.
6. Check for signs of dehydration; administer intravenous therapy, as
ordered.

29. 7. Monitor blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr), white
blood cell count, and urinalysis
8. Assess for changes in urine (cloudy, bloody, foul odor,
etc)
9. Cleanse perineal area and keep dry; provide catheter care
if needed
10. Administer urinary antiseptics as ordered by the
physician
11.Provide privacy and establish good nurse-patient
relationship for better information gathering regarding
sensitive concerns.

30. 12. Administer analgesics, as ordered.
13. Administer antibiotics, as ordered.
14. Administer antipyretics, as ordered.
14. Administer antibiotics, as ordered.
16. Administer antibiotics, as ordered.
17. Include sexual partner/s when providing treatment

32. HEALTH EDUCATION:

35. CONCLUSION:
 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the
female reproductive organs. It most often occurs when
sexually transmitted bacteria spread from your vagina
to your uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries.
 Although there are no nationwide data on prevalence of
PIDs in India, based on statistical projections it is
estimated that the number of patients with PID is likely
to be more than one million.

36. ASSIGNMENT
What is pelvic inflammatory
disease?Write a nursing care plan
on PID?

37. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
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publisher, page no. 445-447
 2.PK Panwar. Medical Surgical Nursing, ATBS Publication.
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– 1124.
 4.Lewis and Chintamani, A Comprehensive textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing, 3rd edition,
Elsevier, page no.866-901.
 5.Sharma K. Suresh, Madhavi S, Hinkle L. Janice, Cheever H Kerry. Brunner and Suddharth’s
Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. 3rd ed. New Delhi. Wolters Kluwer (India) Pvt. Lt. 2019.
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 6.Sharma K. Suresh. Lippincott Manual of Medical-Surgical Nursing. 3rd ed. New Delhi.
Wolters Kluwer (India) Pvt. Lt. 2017. p. 431-433.
 7.Basavanthappa BT. Medical Surgical Nursing. 3rd ed. New Delhi. Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers. 2015. p. 490-493.
 8.Rai Kanika , Understanding pathophysiology of disease. 1st edition, CBS Publishers, 2022,
pg.no.: 223-224