Pelletizing and sunk ocean discarded plastic in the marine trenches. The effective solution to eliminate plastic pollution in the oceans that threatens the marine life.
Sinking discarded plastics in the marine fossas by pelletizing it with other solids material to give them weight and to avoid their decomposition in ocean water.
Bento Rodrigues, a small city that was literally erased from the map of Brazil, as a result of the collapse of a dam of mining tailings containment belonging to a consortium of mining companies, the brazilian Samarco S.A. and the Australian BHP Billiton S.A.
The destruction of Bento Rodrigues and the contamination of the entire length of the river that bathes 2 Brazilian States, is considered to be the biggest environmental crime of Latin America.
The environmental disaster was caused by poor management of the capacity of the dam, which went not taking more environmental safety standards. The investigations point to a fraudulent licenses obtention to change its previously authorized capacity.
The extensive contamination of Rio Doce stopped almost completely, the entire chain of life sustained by him. According to experts it will take decades for the river reaches levels favorable to life again.
Bento Rodrigues and Rio Doce add up now more scars of destruction that the human occupation has left on our planet, turning large portions of its lands and seas in inhospitable areas.
Desertification through fuel harvestingtroy schmidt
1) Microbes have long lived off fossil fuel reserves underground, holding water and enriching soil. Depleting fuel reserves removes this lifecycle, risking desertification.
2) Before extensive fuel harvesting, microbes fed on underground reserves and proliferated upwards, maintaining moisture; depletion leaves the region dependent on sun/rainfall.
3) The Dust Bowl may have resulted from removing fossil fuels and the subterranean microbial populations that stabilized soil and held water, making the region more vulnerable to erosion.
The document discusses the importance of oceans by describing their key features and roles. It notes that oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface and describes the five major oceanic divisions. It then summarizes some of the key ways oceans are important, including as a source of food and minerals, for transportation routes, producing oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide, controlling global temperatures and weather patterns through currents, and supporting a wide diversity of life. The document encourages learning more by visiting several listed websites.
Natural resources can be renewable like sunlight and wind or non-renewable like oil and minerals. Renewable resources are not exhausted in nature and can replenish themselves, while non-renewable resources are finite and depleted over time. The document discusses several key renewable natural resources like the sun, water, air, and soil and how they are essential for life but also increasingly threatened by pollution and environmental damage caused by human activity if not properly managed sustainably.
This document discusses artists who raise awareness about environmental issues through their artwork focusing on the ocean. It provides examples of several artists including Vanessa Barragao, a Portuguese textile artist who creates rugs and tapestries mimicking coral structures using discarded textiles to draw attention to issues like coral bleaching. A French artist, Aude Bourgine crafts coral sculptures in bell jars highlighting the fragility of marine life. The document also mentions illustrators and ceramicists who depict the diversity of coral reefs and the damaging effects of bleaching through their colorful and textured pieces.
The document discusses the key components of soil and the environment. It explains that soil is made up of minerals and organic material, and the organic material is formed through decomposition of once living organisms. Soil contains layers including topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock below. Weathering, both physical and chemical, breaks down rocks into smaller minerals and fragments that become part of the soil.
Ecological restoration involves facilitating natural succession to help an ecosystem recover from human disturbance. There are two types of succession - primary succession establishes ecosystems in areas with no prior ecosystem, like retreating glaciers, while secondary succession reestablishes ecosystems following disturbances like fires. Restoration is difficult for lands that have lost organic matter or been subjected to overuse, and there does not appear to be a permanent climax state, as gradual loss of nutrients occurs even in mature ecosystems.
Precise explanation on ecological succession.
This 11th or 12th-grade topic in Biology book explains stages of succession in plants from microbes to dense forests.
Bento Rodrigues, a small city that was literally erased from the map of Brazil, as a result of the collapse of a dam of mining tailings containment belonging to a consortium of mining companies, the brazilian Samarco S.A. and the Australian BHP Billiton S.A.
The destruction of Bento Rodrigues and the contamination of the entire length of the river that bathes 2 Brazilian States, is considered to be the biggest environmental crime of Latin America.
The environmental disaster was caused by poor management of the capacity of the dam, which went not taking more environmental safety standards. The investigations point to a fraudulent licenses obtention to change its previously authorized capacity.
The extensive contamination of Rio Doce stopped almost completely, the entire chain of life sustained by him. According to experts it will take decades for the river reaches levels favorable to life again.
Bento Rodrigues and Rio Doce add up now more scars of destruction that the human occupation has left on our planet, turning large portions of its lands and seas in inhospitable areas.
Desertification through fuel harvestingtroy schmidt
1) Microbes have long lived off fossil fuel reserves underground, holding water and enriching soil. Depleting fuel reserves removes this lifecycle, risking desertification.
2) Before extensive fuel harvesting, microbes fed on underground reserves and proliferated upwards, maintaining moisture; depletion leaves the region dependent on sun/rainfall.
3) The Dust Bowl may have resulted from removing fossil fuels and the subterranean microbial populations that stabilized soil and held water, making the region more vulnerable to erosion.
The document discusses the importance of oceans by describing their key features and roles. It notes that oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface and describes the five major oceanic divisions. It then summarizes some of the key ways oceans are important, including as a source of food and minerals, for transportation routes, producing oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide, controlling global temperatures and weather patterns through currents, and supporting a wide diversity of life. The document encourages learning more by visiting several listed websites.
Natural resources can be renewable like sunlight and wind or non-renewable like oil and minerals. Renewable resources are not exhausted in nature and can replenish themselves, while non-renewable resources are finite and depleted over time. The document discusses several key renewable natural resources like the sun, water, air, and soil and how they are essential for life but also increasingly threatened by pollution and environmental damage caused by human activity if not properly managed sustainably.
This document discusses artists who raise awareness about environmental issues through their artwork focusing on the ocean. It provides examples of several artists including Vanessa Barragao, a Portuguese textile artist who creates rugs and tapestries mimicking coral structures using discarded textiles to draw attention to issues like coral bleaching. A French artist, Aude Bourgine crafts coral sculptures in bell jars highlighting the fragility of marine life. The document also mentions illustrators and ceramicists who depict the diversity of coral reefs and the damaging effects of bleaching through their colorful and textured pieces.
The document discusses the key components of soil and the environment. It explains that soil is made up of minerals and organic material, and the organic material is formed through decomposition of once living organisms. Soil contains layers including topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock below. Weathering, both physical and chemical, breaks down rocks into smaller minerals and fragments that become part of the soil.
Ecological restoration involves facilitating natural succession to help an ecosystem recover from human disturbance. There are two types of succession - primary succession establishes ecosystems in areas with no prior ecosystem, like retreating glaciers, while secondary succession reestablishes ecosystems following disturbances like fires. Restoration is difficult for lands that have lost organic matter or been subjected to overuse, and there does not appear to be a permanent climax state, as gradual loss of nutrients occurs even in mature ecosystems.
Precise explanation on ecological succession.
This 11th or 12th-grade topic in Biology book explains stages of succession in plants from microbes to dense forests.
Ecological succession describes how communities of plants and animals change over time following a disturbance of an area. It can be primary succession, which occurs in areas without previous life like after a volcanic eruption, or secondary succession, which follows a disruption but not destruction of a community like after a forest fire. Succession proceeds as hardier species first colonize an area, gradually changing the environment to allow less hardy species to establish themselves until a stable community forms, though it may take a hundred years to fully recover from severe disturbances. Aquatic and coastal ecosystems like bogs and sand dunes also undergo successional changes as vegetation grows and transforms the landscape over long periods.
This document discusses soil erosion as a major environmental problem in Portugal. It begins by defining soils and outlining the key factors in soil formation. It then describes the different soil types found in Portugal based on past and current classification systems. Maps show the lithology, soils, and land use capabilities across Portugal. Soil erosion processes are examined, distinguishing between wind and water erosion. Various types of water erosion are defined. The document then focuses on Mação, Portugal as a case study area, noting it is affected by forest fires and land changes. Overall, the document provides background on soils and outlines soil erosion as a significant issue in Portugal using the region of Mação to illustrate the problems.
The Rising Tide sculpture installation by Jason deCaires Taylor was installed on September 3rd, 2015 on the Thames foreshore in London. The sculptures depict riders on horses and reference London's working horses while drawing attention to fossil fuel dependency and climate change. The hybrid sculptures fuse oil machinery and equine forms. As the tides rise and fall, the sculptures are partially concealed and revealed. The materials used will withstand saltwater and not contaminate the river. The installation aims to provide a disturbing metaphor for rising sea levels to demonstrate the urgency of addressing climate change.
1) The document is a 7th grade geography lesson about the environment that includes pictorial activities and answers.
2) It defines the environment as the surroundings or conditions in which living things live, including biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.
3) The natural environment has four main components - lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere - which include land, water, air, and living things that interact in ecosystems.
The document discusses the environment and defines it as the surrounding atmosphere and conditions necessary for life. It notes that the environment consists of both living and non-living components that interact. It describes the different types of environments, including the natural environment, human-built environment, and social environment. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a clean and balanced environment and outlines various threats to the environment like pollution, deforestation, and overpopulation.
This document provides information about various natural resources. It discusses key natural resources like water, air, plants, fossil fuels, rocks, minerals, forestry, soil, oceans, lakes, groundwater, and rivers. For each resource, it provides a brief definition and relevant details. It emphasizes that natural resources are extremely important for human survival and that we must work to save and conserve them.
The document discusses natural resources and their importance. It describes renewable resources like trees, livestock, and energy from water, wind and sun that can be replenished. Nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels take millions of years to form and will run out. The text also discusses different methods of conserving and protecting resources, such as the Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, soil conservation techniques, and laws regarding hazardous waste.
The document discusses the environment and its components. It defines environment as the place, people, things and nature that surround any living organism and provides air, water, food and land. The environment has both natural and human-made aspects.
The natural environment includes the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) conditions on Earth and has four domains: the lithosphere (solid crust and landforms), hydrosphere (sources of water), atmosphere (layer of air) and biosphere (plant and animal kingdoms).
The human environment refers to human activities, creations and interactions that have modified the natural environment over time through dams, factories, roads and more. However, a balance between human
The document discusses the Ambassadors of the Environment program at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Grand Cayman. The program educates guests about the tropical ecosystems on the island, including coral reefs and mangrove forests, by fostering personal connections with nature through diving, snorkeling and learning experiences. It describes some of the educational activities, such as using a "city under the sea" metaphor to understand the ecological roles of reef creatures and learning about the four principles of sustainability from nature: everything runs on energy, there is no waste, biodiversity is good, and everything is connected.
Ecological succession is the process by which the species composition of an ecosystem changes over time. It occurs through a predictable sequence of species replacements as the environment changes. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which establishes ecosystems in newly available habitats like volcanic landscapes, and secondary succession, which reestablishes ecosystems after a disturbance like a forest fire. Succession proceeds through stages from pioneer to intermediate to climax communities as species alter environmental conditions and facilitate the establishment of other species. Ecological succession is driven by both biotic changes from organisms as well as abiotic changes in the physical environment and is an ongoing, endless process as conditions continually change over geological timescales.
The document discusses the carbon cycle. It begins by explaining that carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and pedosphere. It then provides details on the global carbon budget, noting that the oceans contain 71% of the world's carbon while terrestrial ecosystems hold around 3%. The atmosphere contains around 1% of total carbon. It concludes by outlining the main components of the carbon cycle as the atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere, oceans, and sediments.
The document provides an overview of natural resources and the environment. It discusses how life exists where the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere interact to form the biosphere. Natural resources include both biotic resources like plants and animals as well as abiotic resources like air, water, and soil. However, human population growth, urbanization, and industrialization have led to these resources being used unsustainably. The document then examines various natural resources in more depth, including the composition and layers of the atmosphere, the water and carbon cycles, nitrogen cycle, ozone layer, and the greenhouse effect.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution and destruction caused by human activities:
1) Air, water, and soil are polluted by emissions from vehicles, factories, and improper disposal of trash and chemicals.
2) Natural resources like land and wildlife are overexploited through unsustainable farming, deforestation, and overhunting and overfishing.
3) Habitats are destroyed through activities like construction of roads and dams, which remove trees and farmland, and through the introduction of invasive species to new ecosystems.
This document discusses the importance of conservation and provides examples of conserving different natural resources. Conservation involves the wise and sustainable use of resources to prevent overexploitation and protect the environment for future generations. As the human population grows, conservation of resources like water, minerals, forests, and heritage buildings is needed to ensure long-term availability and avoid depletion and degradation. The goals of conservation include sustainability, prolonging the life of resources, and allowing current and future people to experience them.
Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through primary and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like new bare rock, where pioneer species establish and slowly transform the rock into soil over long periods. Secondary succession follows a disruption, like a forest fire, where the original community regrows through different stages. Mature communities tend to have greater biodiversity and are dominated by climax species well-adapted to the local environment. Cycles of matter, like carbon and nitrogen, are essential to life and involve exchanges between living things and their environment.
Ecological succession is the gradual process of change and replacement of species in a community over time. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which occurs on new surfaces without an ecosystem like volcanic rock, and secondary succession, which happens in disturbed ecosystems. Pioneer species like bacteria and lichens are the first to colonize during primary succession, breaking down rock and forming soil for other species. Eventually a climax community develops that remains stable if undisturbed.
Erosion gradually wears away soil and sand through water and wind. This document summarizes a science fair project that tests the effects of erosion on soil with and without grass. The experiment involves constructing boxes with soil on one side and soil with grass on the other. Different amounts of water are poured over each side to simulate rainfall, and the runoff is measured. The results show that the side with grass loses significantly less soil, supporting the hypothesis that grass roots help prevent erosion by holding the soil in place. In conclusion, the experiment provides evidence that vegetation can help slow the natural process of erosion.
Compost to the Rescue -- 3 reasons to fix the soil and save the planetMcGill Compost
Composting organic waste and using compost as a soil amendment can help address several environmental issues by rebuilding soil quality and storing carbon. Specifically:
1) Compost replenishes lost organic matter and soil microbes, increasing the soil's carbon storage capacity. As soil quality improves, more carbon can be stored both above and below ground.
2) Adding organic matter through compost increases the soil's water holding capacity, reducing runoff and erosion while improving water infiltration. More carbon in the soil allows it to hold more water.
3) Compost provides a favorable environment for microbes that break down pollutants in soil and water through bioremediation. As microbes feed and die,
This document discusses solutions for reducing pollution from slums caused by population growth. It proposes three implementations: cleaning programs, community talks, and housing refurbishment using natural materials. These interventions aim to clean up garbage, educate on proper waste disposal and green building techniques, and improve housing quality. The goal is to create eco-friendly communities and a cleaner environment within slums while lowering pollution and health risks.
Succession in Ecosystems
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
An informative and interactive educational experience with a video link and quiz included that teaches students about the effects of plastic pollution in our oceans.
The document discusses the current situation of plastic bag use, the impacts of plastic bags, and solutions. It notes that the average household in Vietnam uses 200 plastic bags per month. The impacts section describes how plastic production contributes to climate change, how plastic pollution harms ocean and land animals, clogs storm drains, and takes hundreds of years to degrade. The solutions section recommends reducing single-use plastic, participating in cleanups, supporting bans, and recycling programs.
Ecological succession describes how communities of plants and animals change over time following a disturbance of an area. It can be primary succession, which occurs in areas without previous life like after a volcanic eruption, or secondary succession, which follows a disruption but not destruction of a community like after a forest fire. Succession proceeds as hardier species first colonize an area, gradually changing the environment to allow less hardy species to establish themselves until a stable community forms, though it may take a hundred years to fully recover from severe disturbances. Aquatic and coastal ecosystems like bogs and sand dunes also undergo successional changes as vegetation grows and transforms the landscape over long periods.
This document discusses soil erosion as a major environmental problem in Portugal. It begins by defining soils and outlining the key factors in soil formation. It then describes the different soil types found in Portugal based on past and current classification systems. Maps show the lithology, soils, and land use capabilities across Portugal. Soil erosion processes are examined, distinguishing between wind and water erosion. Various types of water erosion are defined. The document then focuses on Mação, Portugal as a case study area, noting it is affected by forest fires and land changes. Overall, the document provides background on soils and outlines soil erosion as a significant issue in Portugal using the region of Mação to illustrate the problems.
The Rising Tide sculpture installation by Jason deCaires Taylor was installed on September 3rd, 2015 on the Thames foreshore in London. The sculptures depict riders on horses and reference London's working horses while drawing attention to fossil fuel dependency and climate change. The hybrid sculptures fuse oil machinery and equine forms. As the tides rise and fall, the sculptures are partially concealed and revealed. The materials used will withstand saltwater and not contaminate the river. The installation aims to provide a disturbing metaphor for rising sea levels to demonstrate the urgency of addressing climate change.
1) The document is a 7th grade geography lesson about the environment that includes pictorial activities and answers.
2) It defines the environment as the surroundings or conditions in which living things live, including biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.
3) The natural environment has four main components - lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere - which include land, water, air, and living things that interact in ecosystems.
The document discusses the environment and defines it as the surrounding atmosphere and conditions necessary for life. It notes that the environment consists of both living and non-living components that interact. It describes the different types of environments, including the natural environment, human-built environment, and social environment. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a clean and balanced environment and outlines various threats to the environment like pollution, deforestation, and overpopulation.
This document provides information about various natural resources. It discusses key natural resources like water, air, plants, fossil fuels, rocks, minerals, forestry, soil, oceans, lakes, groundwater, and rivers. For each resource, it provides a brief definition and relevant details. It emphasizes that natural resources are extremely important for human survival and that we must work to save and conserve them.
The document discusses natural resources and their importance. It describes renewable resources like trees, livestock, and energy from water, wind and sun that can be replenished. Nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels take millions of years to form and will run out. The text also discusses different methods of conserving and protecting resources, such as the Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, soil conservation techniques, and laws regarding hazardous waste.
The document discusses the environment and its components. It defines environment as the place, people, things and nature that surround any living organism and provides air, water, food and land. The environment has both natural and human-made aspects.
The natural environment includes the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) conditions on Earth and has four domains: the lithosphere (solid crust and landforms), hydrosphere (sources of water), atmosphere (layer of air) and biosphere (plant and animal kingdoms).
The human environment refers to human activities, creations and interactions that have modified the natural environment over time through dams, factories, roads and more. However, a balance between human
The document discusses the Ambassadors of the Environment program at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Grand Cayman. The program educates guests about the tropical ecosystems on the island, including coral reefs and mangrove forests, by fostering personal connections with nature through diving, snorkeling and learning experiences. It describes some of the educational activities, such as using a "city under the sea" metaphor to understand the ecological roles of reef creatures and learning about the four principles of sustainability from nature: everything runs on energy, there is no waste, biodiversity is good, and everything is connected.
Ecological succession is the process by which the species composition of an ecosystem changes over time. It occurs through a predictable sequence of species replacements as the environment changes. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which establishes ecosystems in newly available habitats like volcanic landscapes, and secondary succession, which reestablishes ecosystems after a disturbance like a forest fire. Succession proceeds through stages from pioneer to intermediate to climax communities as species alter environmental conditions and facilitate the establishment of other species. Ecological succession is driven by both biotic changes from organisms as well as abiotic changes in the physical environment and is an ongoing, endless process as conditions continually change over geological timescales.
The document discusses the carbon cycle. It begins by explaining that carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and pedosphere. It then provides details on the global carbon budget, noting that the oceans contain 71% of the world's carbon while terrestrial ecosystems hold around 3%. The atmosphere contains around 1% of total carbon. It concludes by outlining the main components of the carbon cycle as the atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere, oceans, and sediments.
The document provides an overview of natural resources and the environment. It discusses how life exists where the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere interact to form the biosphere. Natural resources include both biotic resources like plants and animals as well as abiotic resources like air, water, and soil. However, human population growth, urbanization, and industrialization have led to these resources being used unsustainably. The document then examines various natural resources in more depth, including the composition and layers of the atmosphere, the water and carbon cycles, nitrogen cycle, ozone layer, and the greenhouse effect.
The document discusses various types of environmental pollution and destruction caused by human activities:
1) Air, water, and soil are polluted by emissions from vehicles, factories, and improper disposal of trash and chemicals.
2) Natural resources like land and wildlife are overexploited through unsustainable farming, deforestation, and overhunting and overfishing.
3) Habitats are destroyed through activities like construction of roads and dams, which remove trees and farmland, and through the introduction of invasive species to new ecosystems.
This document discusses the importance of conservation and provides examples of conserving different natural resources. Conservation involves the wise and sustainable use of resources to prevent overexploitation and protect the environment for future generations. As the human population grows, conservation of resources like water, minerals, forests, and heritage buildings is needed to ensure long-term availability and avoid depletion and degradation. The goals of conservation include sustainability, prolonging the life of resources, and allowing current and future people to experience them.
Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through primary and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like new bare rock, where pioneer species establish and slowly transform the rock into soil over long periods. Secondary succession follows a disruption, like a forest fire, where the original community regrows through different stages. Mature communities tend to have greater biodiversity and are dominated by climax species well-adapted to the local environment. Cycles of matter, like carbon and nitrogen, are essential to life and involve exchanges between living things and their environment.
Ecological succession is the gradual process of change and replacement of species in a community over time. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which occurs on new surfaces without an ecosystem like volcanic rock, and secondary succession, which happens in disturbed ecosystems. Pioneer species like bacteria and lichens are the first to colonize during primary succession, breaking down rock and forming soil for other species. Eventually a climax community develops that remains stable if undisturbed.
Erosion gradually wears away soil and sand through water and wind. This document summarizes a science fair project that tests the effects of erosion on soil with and without grass. The experiment involves constructing boxes with soil on one side and soil with grass on the other. Different amounts of water are poured over each side to simulate rainfall, and the runoff is measured. The results show that the side with grass loses significantly less soil, supporting the hypothesis that grass roots help prevent erosion by holding the soil in place. In conclusion, the experiment provides evidence that vegetation can help slow the natural process of erosion.
Compost to the Rescue -- 3 reasons to fix the soil and save the planetMcGill Compost
Composting organic waste and using compost as a soil amendment can help address several environmental issues by rebuilding soil quality and storing carbon. Specifically:
1) Compost replenishes lost organic matter and soil microbes, increasing the soil's carbon storage capacity. As soil quality improves, more carbon can be stored both above and below ground.
2) Adding organic matter through compost increases the soil's water holding capacity, reducing runoff and erosion while improving water infiltration. More carbon in the soil allows it to hold more water.
3) Compost provides a favorable environment for microbes that break down pollutants in soil and water through bioremediation. As microbes feed and die,
This document discusses solutions for reducing pollution from slums caused by population growth. It proposes three implementations: cleaning programs, community talks, and housing refurbishment using natural materials. These interventions aim to clean up garbage, educate on proper waste disposal and green building techniques, and improve housing quality. The goal is to create eco-friendly communities and a cleaner environment within slums while lowering pollution and health risks.
Succession in Ecosystems
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Similar to Pelletizing and sunk ocean discarded plastic in the marine trenches. The effective solution to eliminate plastic pollution in the oceans that threatens the marine life.
An informative and interactive educational experience with a video link and quiz included that teaches students about the effects of plastic pollution in our oceans.
The document discusses the current situation of plastic bag use, the impacts of plastic bags, and solutions. It notes that the average household in Vietnam uses 200 plastic bags per month. The impacts section describes how plastic production contributes to climate change, how plastic pollution harms ocean and land animals, clogs storm drains, and takes hundreds of years to degrade. The solutions section recommends reducing single-use plastic, participating in cleanups, supporting bans, and recycling programs.
1. The document discusses ocean pollution and deoxygenation of oceans. It notes that over 50% of Earth's oxygen is produced by plankton in oceans and deoxygenation is caused by chemical runoff and global warming.
2. Mangrove trees and whales help mitigate climate change through carbon absorption and storage. Mangrove trees absorb 10 times more carbon than forests. Whales store carbon in their bodies.
3. Ocean pollution stems mainly from land-based plastic waste and threatens marine life. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a large area of plastic pollution caught in ocean currents between California and Hawaii.
Plastic pollution is when plastic has gathered in an area and has begun to negatively impact the natural environment and create problems for plants, wildlife, and even the human population.
In total, half of all plastic produced is designed to be used only once — and then thrown away. Plastic waste is now so ubiquitous in the natural environment that scientists have even suggested it could serve as a geological indicator of the Anthropocene era.
Toxic Plastic Trash Drift in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Final PaperKameron Johnson
The document discusses plastic pollution in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. It notes that this region currently has the highest accumulation of microplastics compared to other subtropical gyres. The plastic debris comes from various sources like land pollution from North America, China, and Japan as well as lost or discarded fishing nets. Microplastics are ingested by marine life and can accumulate toxins, entering the food chain. More research is needed to understand the long term impacts on ecosystems and potential policy solutions to address plastic pollution at its source.
QUESTION 1 The BCA defines the following te.docxjoyjonna282
QUESTION 1
The BCA defines the following terms. With the aid of a diagram describe their meanings:
- Envelope
- Conditioned space
- Non-conditioned space
QUESTION 2
According to the BCA, and with the aid of diagrams explain:
- Conduction through glazing
- Radiant heat gain through glazing
QUESTION 3
Describe with the aid of diagrams the following mechanisms of heat transfer:
1) Natural convection
2) Forced convection
3) Conduction
4) Radiation
QUESTION 4
Why is it important to be able to locate the position of the Sun relative to points on the
Earth’s surface when calculating heat loads on buildings?
Describe with the aid of diagrams the following quantities associated with solar geometry and
solar energy striking a surface:
1) Solar azimuth angle
2) Solar zenith angle
3) Solar hour angle
4) Surface azimuth angle
5) Angle of incidence of direct solar radiation on a surface.
QUESTION 5
The temperature, sT , of a surface subjected to solar radiation can be determined by solving
the following heat balance equation
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0
2
cos1
2
cos1
2
cos1
2
cos1
cos
44
44
=−−−−
−
−−
+
−−
+
+
−
+
insidesambients
p
grounds
p
skys
p
diff
p
glohorizidir
TT
d
kTThTT
TTIII
θ
εσ
θ
εσ
θ
α
θ
ραθα
in which the symbols have meanings that are intuitive to students of the subject. Describe,
with diagrams, the meanings of each of the seven groups of terms in the equation.
Outline how you would use the Newton-Raphson method to solve the equation for sT given
that all of the other values of the variables are known.
QUESTION 6
Describe the key ideas used to derive the following expression for the rate of heat flow, Q,
through glazing
( )io
oi
i TTU
hh
IhIQ −+
+
+=
ατ
in which the symbols are ascribed the following meanings:
Q = rate of heat transfer through the window, W/m2
τ = transmitivity of solar radiation through the glass
α = absorptivity of solar radiation by the glass
hi = heat transfer coefficient on inner surface of the glass, W/(m2.°C)
ho = heat transfer coefficient on outer surface of the glass, W/(m2.°C)
U = overall heat transfer coefficient across the glazing, W/(m2.°C)
I = intensity of solar radiation incident on the glass, W/m2
To = temperature of the air on the outside of the window, °C
Ti = temperature of the air on the inside of the window, °C
Describe with the aid ...
The informative newsletter created by 5 students of the University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, for the ENRM 1001 course. This newsletter focuses on the problems, solutions, recommendations and innovations to plastic pollution on land and sea.
This is a presentation which has ideal details of content related to plastics and its effects.It contains information edited from wikipedia and other sources. Hope its useful for learning kids.
Microplastics are a growing threat to ocean health and the food chain. Plastic debris kills thousands of marine animals each year through ingestion or entanglement. Plastic bottles are a major contributor as they take over 450 years to break down into microplastics, harming marine life. Solutions include reducing single-use plastics through deposit return programs, opting for reusable bags, recycling, and properly disposing of trash. Individual actions combined with community efforts are needed to address the massive amounts of plastic pollution entering oceans each year and its impacts on ecosystems and human health.
MARINE ECOLOGY.pptx TEACH KIDS OCEANS MARINE LIFE CLIMATE CHANGEshaniamlebrun
This document provides information about a marine ecology course, including details about the teachers, weekly schedule, and course content. The course covers topics such as oceans, interconnected ecosystems, plastic pollution, climate change impacts, and marine animals and their habitats. It includes facts, activities, and discussion questions about protecting ocean life and ecosystems.
Plastic bags have severe negative environmental impacts on land, sea, and sky. Over 500 billion plastic bags are used globally each year, and they can persist in the environment for up to 1000 years. Plastic bags pollute oceans and lands, harm wildlife, and damage ecosystems. However, small actions like refusing plastic bags and opting for reusable cloth bags can help reduce plastic bag usage and environmental damage. Everyone must work to solve the global plastic bag pollution problem by changing individual habits and choices.
- Plastic bags have become ubiquitous globally with an estimated 500 billion to 1 trillion used each year, but they persist in the environment for up to 1000 years, accumulating as litter and pollution.
- Plastic bags have severe environmental impacts on land, sea, and sky by entangling and being ingested by wildlife, clogging waterways, releasing toxic chemicals when burned, and damaging ecosystems.
- Many countries and jurisdictions have implemented policies like bans, taxes, and fees on plastic bags to reduce consumption and encourage reusable alternatives like cloth bags.
Plastic pollution is a major problem affecting the environment globally. Plastic is a synthetic material made from petroleum that does not degrade naturally over time. The overuse of plastics like plastic bags and bottles, as well as improper disposal methods, have led to large amounts of plastic accumulating in landfills and the environment. This plastic pollution harms wildlife and habitats by entanglement and ingestion, and pollutes water sources and air. Long term, plastic pollution disrupts food chains and ecosystems and poses health risks to both animals and humans.
Plastic pollution is a major problem affecting the environment globally. Plastic does not degrade naturally and instead accumulates as waste, polluting land, waterways, and oceans. The overuse of plastics like bags and bottles that are used only once combined with improper disposal methods are leading causes of plastic pollution. The buildup of plastics in the environment has severe negative impacts including harming wildlife and entering the food chain, polluting water supplies, and releasing toxic chemicals into the air and groundwater. Urgent action is needed to reduce plastic use and improve waste management in order to mitigate the dangerous effects of plastic pollution on ecosystems and human health.
Plastic pollution is a major problem affecting the environment globally. Plastics do not degrade naturally and as a result accumulate in landfills, waterways, and oceans. Major sources of plastic pollution include improper disposal of plastic waste, single-use plastics like bags and bottles, fishing nets, and microplastics. The effects of plastic pollution are severe and long-lasting - it disrupts food chains, pollutes groundwater, harms wildlife, releases toxic chemicals into the air and water, and poses health risks to humans and animals. Urgent action is needed to reduce plastic production and improve waste management to mitigate plastic pollution.
Water is vital for human life. This discusses humanity's lack of concern for environmental issues until their effects are realized. It details the discovery of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a huge area of ocean filled with plastic pollution. Though discovered in 1997, people did not act because it was far away and effects were not obvious. Research showed plastic entering food chains and wildlife, demonstrating links to human health. Only then did widespread attention and efforts to address plastic pollution begin. This highlights how environmental issues often need connecting to human impacts to motivate action.
DIRTY70 ASBL is a non-profit organization based in Belgium.
Our mission is to develop environmental projects to help the scientific world by collecting data and qualified samples on the ground, locally and internationally.
This document discusses plastic pollution, including what plastic is, its history, types of plastic, plastic pollution sources and effects, and potential solutions. It notes that plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects in the environment that harms wildlife, habitats, and humans. Plastic does not degrade naturally and has led to high levels of plastic waste. The document outlines various case studies on plastic pollution in oceans, its financial damage to marine ecosystems, and increasing amounts of plastic litter in the Arctic deep sea. It also discusses examples of countries that have implemented policies to reduce plastic pollution.
Similar to Pelletizing and sunk ocean discarded plastic in the marine trenches. The effective solution to eliminate plastic pollution in the oceans that threatens the marine life. (18)
Pelotezando plástico descartado nos oceanos para afunda-lo em fossas marinhasRoberto Boca
O documento propõe afundar plásticos descartados nas fossas oceânicas através de um processo de pelotização para dar peso aos plásticos e impedir que ameacem a vida marinha. O processo envolveria adaptar plataformas de petróleo desativadas para triturar plásticos, misturá-los com sedimentos e fundi-los em pelotas, que seriam descartadas nas fossas para serem levadas ao manto da Terra. A proposta visa fornecer uma solução rápida e definitiva para o problema crescent
O documentário Do Barro ao Barroco tem como objetivo preservar a memória e a história da cidade de Santa Bárbara, em Minas Gerais, resgatando suas expressões culturais desde as pinturas rupestres no sítio arqueológico do Barro Branco até as pinturas do Mestre Manoel da Costa Athaíde nas igrejas do período barroco. Ele busca estabelecer relações entre essas diferentes manifestações culturais ao longo do tempo para fortalecer o sentimento de pertencimento à cidade.
Portfolio de Campanha Política de Roberto BocaRoberto Boca
Portfolio de de Campanhas Políticas de Roberto Boca.
Art direction portfolio showing Roberto Boca’s skills specifically in the field of political campaign.
Roberto Boca é um ilustrador que possui uma grande variedade de estilos e técnicas. Seu portfólio inclui ilustrações para campanhas publicitárias, materiais educativos, livros e produções audiovisuais para várias empresas. Ele também faz sketches e desenhos conceituais para personagens.
This document contains contact information for Roberto Boca, including his email, Twitter handle, profile on SlideShare, and phone number. It also lists over 30 commercials, videos and other projects that he has worked on for various clients as a storyboard artist and creative, including for agencies, companies and government organizations. The document serves to showcase Roberto Boca's professional experience and portfolio.
Branding. The Art of Image Management. Explores the two image instances of a product, company or organisation; the physical and tangible instance represented by the brands, logos, symbols etc., and the abstract instance that inhabits the human imagination. Its entire perception occurs only by the complement proportionate by one another.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Pelletizing and sunk ocean discarded plastic in the marine trenches. The effective solution to eliminate plastic pollution in the oceans that threatens the marine life.
1. by Roberto Boca
Sinking discarded plastics
in the marine fossas
by pelletizing it with other
solids material to give them
weight and to avoid their
decomposition in water.
T H E P R O J E C T
2. Plastic came to change and make easy the entire humanity’s life. Since its
introduction a myriad of new application also has been added as studies and evolved
technology had introduced new properties to it.
The manufacturing processes of plastic-based products have made them so cheap
and shorten its life cycle so significantly, but together also introduced the disposable
product. Purchasing a new similar product is less expensive than repairing the
damaged one. In many cases to fix the defective product is not even possible.
Sinking discarded plastics into the marine fossas
by pelletizing it with other solid material to give them
weight and to avoid their decomposition in the water.
T H E P R O B L E M T O B E S O L V E D
3. The disposal of packaging and plastic bags has become a very serious problem for the planet.
Although it has made people’s lives easier, nature does not decompose it as quickly as it
is manufactured. Plastic is a synthetic product produced from petroleum. Crude oil extraction
is bringing back to the planet’s surface the carbon that had been trapped underground by
thousands of years. The abundance of carbon in nature asphyxiated the planet in the remote
past, making it inhospitable by then. As it was being suppressed from the surface and trapped
underground, the biosphere was then being shaped to become what it is. Today it houses all the
life on the planet and it took billions of years for this to take shape and be possible. But here
and there the signs of your commitment are emerging.
But the large volume of plastic discarded are the packaging that come along with the product.
The disposable plastic packaging has made it very practical and inexpensive to pack in a varied
kind of products, especially the food industry that holds the championship of its use.
4. When it comes to nature damage, people’s tendency is to think on things directly within reach of
their sights, like trees, forests, soil, atmosphere, wildlife, but the greater damage is far from their
sight, threatening all the lives of the planet, the oceans which represent 70% of its entire surface.
They houses an overwhelming proportion of the planet’s ecosystems. Most of the living organisms
that inhabit our planet are there. The oceans also decisively influence the climate of all continents.
Transformed in a range of fuels and other synthetic derivatives, the use of fossil fuel has been
asphyxiating the entire planet again along its escalating use. But especially plastic and mainly
disposable packaging have caused even greater and lasting damage to the biosphere. The incorrect
and lack of knowledge about the right way of disposal are providing irreparable damage. By the
speed in which it happens it becomes more practical to create solutions that minimize its impacts
on the environment than educating and disciplining its use.
5. The oceans are littered with disposed plastics. There are places where the amount
floating disposal plastics is so great that even form artificial islands. Floating plastics
islands are the visible part of the problem, detected even by satellites that monitor
the oceans. But the biggest and growing damage is not found on the surface. Fish
and other marine life organisms are being killed by this discarded plastic under the
surface. Attracted by color and movement, plastics are confused with other beings
in their food chain and will end up in the bowels of these marine beings.
But how does that poison get there? The rivers that cut
through the cities take all the discarded plastic on its
course to the oceans. Many times the disposal is made
directly to its stream sending thousands and thousands
of tons to the oceans.
A lot of solutions to prevent these plastic from getting
there and also the proposals to remove it from the oceans
have already been imagined, but all of them would solve
only part of this equation. The big question is, what then,
to do with all the plastic removed from the oceans?
6. This is the name given to this project. Its purpose is to point out practical
and definitive solution for the elimination of discarded plastic that accumulates
in the oceans causing damage to marine life.
Sinking discarded plastics in the marine fossas
by pelletizing it with other solids material to give them weight
and to avoid their decomposition in water.
T H E P E L L E T I Z I N G A N D D E F I N I T I V E D U M P I N G S O L U T I O N
7. Marine fossa usually occur in regions where two tectonic plates that make up the earth’s
crust meet and overlap each other. The heaviest tectonic plate is engulfed down against the
magma of the earth where it is also melted by joining it. In the submerged regions, where
this phenomenon occurs, are the deepest “marine fossa” of the oceans. Below them are the
“subduction zones”, responsible for the renewal of the planet’s crust. According to James
Lovelock, an English scientist, father of Gaia’s hypothesis, every “living” planet has the active
rock cycle, this is the case with our planet. The renewal of the earth’s crust may take billions
of years, but the earth is alive.
Lithosphere mappings have already identified all regions of the planet where the marine
fossas are present. They spread all over the planet. The proposal of this project is to use this
geological phenomenon to “digest” all the plastic in the ocean. But how do you get him
there in those depths? And also, how to avoid them to threaten the marine life wile doing so?
Mantle
Continent
Subducted
Ocean Flor Plate
Ocean Fossa
Ocean
Continental Plate
8. The plastic is light and does not sink alone. The technologies
and logistics to remove it from the ocean to be reprocessed
would be a very complicated operation and would add costs
that could turn the re-use prohibitive. At first sink it into the
ocean arises as the most immediate solution, but only this
would continue to pose a threat to marine life.
The idea is completed with the crushing and pelletization
of plastic in mixture with poor material, taken from the
bottom of the ocean itself. The water and soil material
necessary in the process are already available in place.
Floating sea platforms, used in oil extraction and already
deactivated could be adapted
to accomplish this task. After
the adaptations the platforms
could be anchored on these
“cracks” where they would do
the plastic pelletization and
sunk them towards submarine
fossa underneath.
Pelletization and Disposal Platform
Submarine
pump
Dragging
sedimentary
mud from the
acean floor
Submarine fossa
Solar
Panels
Pelletized
plastic being
dumped to
a submarine
fossa
Disabled oil rig
recommissioned to
pelletize and dump
the diposed plastic
in the oceans fossa
Sedimentary mud
pumped up
to be pelletized
with descarted plastic
9. The time for these spheres produced
by pelletization process to be swallowed
by the subduction plate and taken to
the molten mantle may take centuries,
but they won’t do any contribution to
compromise the marine life any more
as they are melded with marine soil.
As they goes to the bottom of the ocean
they will end-up in the underwater fossa,
a gap generally presented just above
those subduction zone.
10. The pelletization process is analogous to that employed in the steel industry,
although technical studies are needed for its adaptation. What can be
anticipated is that it will require less steps. The energy needed to power the
equipment can be supplied by batteries powered by solar panels, as the
platforms will remain exposed to sunlight most of the time.
1 -
The discarded plastic, containing the most varied shapes and properties, will be
taken to the pelotization platforms. There they will be crushed and mixed with
heavier sediments taken from the bottom of the oceans themselves.
2 -
The resulting paste will be pressed or centrifuged to remove excess water.
3 -
The mixture is now medium solid and homogenous is taken
to the pelletizers for final processing and transformation.
4 -
The aggregated material in pelotons will acquire enough weight for your
final dive into the ocean.
5 -
The pellets are taken to the oven for completely amalgamation of the
material, causing it to solidify further and preventing it from dissolve in
the ocean waters.
The imaginary process of pelletization
for discarded plastics that threaten the oceans
Descarded plastic
lithering the oceans
Fine grain plastic
resulting from the
crushing process
Sedimentary
ocean floor
Mixer
Ciclone
crusher
Solidifier press
Pelletizers
Oven
for material
amalgamation
Damping
pellets
Finished pellets
11. The neglecting way that we have been treating our planet are producing all kinds of
horrors, but the most serious and damaging to our very existence, certainly, is the
asphyxiation of the oceans and the diversity of life contained in it and that also sustains us.
To re-educate the entire civilization may not generate immediate results that can reverse
this destruction in time. The proposition of a faster, definitive and non-polluting solution
is the most plausible. Its execution is feasible and deserve of global appreciation.
Last words