The document discusses how the transition to a low-carbon society by 2065 will significantly increase demand for certain metallic minerals, especially cobalt which is needed for electric cars and batteries. It notes that we may need more of some metals than what is available through mining alone. The document advocates increasing recycling and use of secondary sources of materials from things like electronic waste, as well as developing more efficient design and manufacturing techniques through things like 3D printing and topology optimization to reduce materials needs and support sustainable materials usage.

1. Energy transition will
reshape demand and
supply of metallic
minerals
Pekka Pohjanne
Reseach Manager
#VTTGrowthLab

2. Low carbon society in 2065 needs more
metals than we have

3. Electric cars and
batteries need
much more cobalt

4. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
Cobaltsupply,kt(Co)
Secondary
Baseline
Secondary
Maximum
Primary
Minimum
Baseline Low-Carbon
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2015 2030 2060 2015 2030 2060
Cobaltsupply,kt
Recycling
Mining

5. Homes are new mines!

6. A mine is only one source
of materials
SECONDARY SOURCES
MSW – ashes and slags:
MSWI bottom ash
0,47 % Cu
URBAN MINING
Home electronics:
Mobile phone PCB
10-12 % Cu
MINING
Mines:
0,13 % Cu
INDUSTRIAL
WASTES
Tailing and side
streams:
Mine Tailing
0,12 % Cu
PRIMARY SOURCES

7. Inorganic residues
Metals Minerals +
inert solids
Energy
Valuable metals from mobile phones
with gasification

8. 3D printing saves natural
resources!

9. 66% less
materials
by 3D printing
and topology
design

10. More efficient
electrical
motors by
3D printing
10

11. Integrated computational materials engineering
+
New materials 50 % faster

12. Raw
materials
Recycling
Design
Manufacturing
Usage

13. Thank You!
#VTTGrowthLab
#VTTbeyondtheobvious