Fuel cell technology has benefits for space exploration and holds promise to power vehicles, homes, and buildings more efficiently while reducing environmental impacts. However, for widespread practical use of fuel cells, important challenges around hydrocarbon fuel reforming, storage, cost, and developing infrastructure must be addressed. Hydrocarbon fuel reforming during a transition period could allow continued use of existing fuel sources while adapting to hydrogen. Storage technologies must match gasoline tanks' capacity and ease of refueling. Cost remains too high for commercial vehicles and facilities due to expensive catalysts and membranes in fuel cells. Developing hydrogen infrastructure is the greatest challenge to commercializing fuel cells.