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PE & HEALTH 12
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Social Dance: Ballroom
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Physical Education & Health – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Social Dance: Ballroom
First Edition, 2020
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
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do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by _________________________________________
Department of Education – Schools Division of Leyte – Region VIII
Senior High School Department, Merida Vocational School
Poblacion, Merida Leyte
Tel No.: 09173275698
E-mail Address: meridavocationalshs@gmail.com
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Nestor A. Castaños Jr.
Editor: Bernley Joy M. Nobleza
Reviewers: Divina B. Sanchez, Elpedio P. Mabiya
Illustrator:
Lay-out Artist:
Management Team: Regional Director: RAMIR B. UYTICO, EdD, CESO IV
CLMD Chief: ROSEMARIE M. GUINO, EdD
Regional EPS In-Charge of LRMS: JOY B. BIHAG
Regional ADM Coordinator: RYAN R. TIU, PhD
Regional Learning Area EPS: NOVA P. JORGE, EdD
Schools Division Superintendent: MANUEL P. ALBAÑO, Ph.D.
CID Chief: FELICIDAD ESPINOSA
Division EPS-LRMDS: ROBERT POSION
Division SHS Coordinator: GINA P. DILOY
School Principal: FRANCISCO B. LATORRE
School SHS Coordinator: NESTOR A. CASTAÑOS JR.

12
P.E AND HEALTH
First Quarter – Module 4:
Social Dance: Ballroom
(Week 7-8)

ii
Foreword
To the implementer:
Welcome to the P.E. and Health 12 Self Learning Module (SLM) on Social
Dance: Ballroom!
This module has been collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by
educators from both the public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module
For the learner:
Welcome to the P.E. and Health 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Social
Dance: Ballroom!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn,
create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the
relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic
success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in
guiding the learners.

iii
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resources while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons.
What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims
to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you
link the current lesson with the previous
one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion
of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for
independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
What I can do
This section provides an activity which
will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skills into real life
situations or concerns.

iv
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate
your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skills of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key
This contains answers in the module.
At the end of this module, you will also find:
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

1
What I Need to Know
Social dancing like any other dance forms, continues to evolve and influence
human beings who love using movement to interact with each other.
Social/ballroom dance is usually performed with a partner and in groups or
as a community activity for fun and enjoyment. They may also have
ceremonial, competitive and erotic functions. Standard and Latin dances are
both types of social/ballroom dancing that offers numerous physical, mental
and social health benefits.
In this module, we will discuss the history, nature, characteristics, and basic
movements of the different styles of social/ballroom dances that can be
considered moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). As you dance, you
sweat as you generate heat, thereby loosing body fluids. This is a normal
reaction in which the body cools naturally. This loose of fluid, however can
lead to dehydration which may lead to hypothermia and hyperthermia where
there is an increase or decrease of heat production of body temperature.
Pushing yourself too hard during physical activity may also cause
overexertion leading to dizziness, feeling faint and lightheadedness. These
may affect dancing performance and the over-all health status will be at stake.
At the end of this module, you will engage dancing social/ballroom dance as
MVPA. You will be given activities to display and enhance your skills in
social/ballroom dancing while taking into considerations some personal
safety protocols in order to avoid dehydration, overexertion, hypothermia and
hyperthermia.
The module is divided into three lessons, namely:
 Lesson 1 – Standard Ballroom Dances
 Lesson 2 – Latin Ballroom Dances
 Lesson 3 – Hydration and Overexertion in Dancing
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. discuss the nature of the different styles of social/ballroom dances;
2. observe personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration, overexertion,
hypo-and hyperthermia during MVPA participation; and
3. engage in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPA’s) for at least
60 minutes most days of the week in a variety of settings in and-out-of-
school.

2
What I Know
Instructions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your
choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is correct about Standard ballroom dances?
a. They are smooth and flowing ballroom dances that move around
the entire dance floor in a counterclockwise movement
b. They are energetic dances which reflect the shift in rhythm of the
music being danced to
c. They had a rich cultural history rooted in the traditional dances
of native peoples of Latin America.
d. Both a and b is correct
2. Which of the following best describes Latin ballroom dances?
a. They are smooth and flowing ballroom dances that move around
the entire dance floor in a counterclockwise movement
b. They are energetic dances which reflect the shift in rhythm of the
music being danced to
c. They had a rich cultural history rooted in the traditional dances
of native peoples of Latin America
d. Both b and c is correct
3. The following are Standard ballroom dances except one. Which one is
it?
a. Waltz b. Tango c. Jive d. Foxtrot
4. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
a. Cha-cha-cha b. Quick Step c. Samba d. Rumba
5. The following are the nature and characteristics of Waltz except one.
Which one is it?
a. The music time signature is ¾
b. It is considered as “mother of present-day dances” and the
“backbone dance” of the ballroom
c. It travels around the line of dance, characterized by its “rise and
fall” action
d. None of the above

3
6. Which of the following best describes Quickstep?
a. The music used is usually jazz or swing motion
b. It is a sensual standard ballroom dance
c. It is a lively Latin ballroom dance performed to rock and roll
music
d. Its time signature is 2/4
7. ______________ is caused by not drinking enough fluid or by losing more
fluid during participation to moderate to vigorous physical activity.
a. Overexertion
b. Hypothermia
c. Dehydration
d. Hyperthermia
8. Some are safety protocols in order to avoid dizziness as a result to
overexertion, except one. Which one is it?
a. Quit smoking
b. Cool down and rest for a few minutes
c. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids before, during and after
dancing
d. None of the above
9. Any activity that involves exercise in warm, and humid environments
increases the risk of ______.
a. dehydration
b. overexertion
c. hyperthermia and hypothermia
d. all of the above
10. Why is hydration important during physical activity?
a. It replaces the fluid loss of the body
b. It regulates body temperature
c. It delivers nutrients to cells and keep organs functions properly
d. All of the above

4
What’s In
Prior to learning social/ballroom dances, let’s try to review your fitness
engagements on Hiphop and Cheerdance in Module 3. Try to check how ready
are you in learning another moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).
Rate your level of activity using the Physical Activity Index, compute for your
score and evaluate it using the Activity Evaluation Table below.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INDEX
PRINCIPLE SCORE ACTIVITY
Intensity
5 Sustained heavy breathing and perspiration
4 Intermittent heavy breathing and perspiration, as in tennis
3 Moderately heavy, as in cycling and other recreational sports
2 Moderate, as in volleyball, softball
1 Light, as in fishing
Duration
4 Over 30 minutes
3 20 to 30 minutes
2 10 to 20 minutes
1 Less than 10 minutes
Frequency
5 6 to 7 times per week
2 A few times per week
1 Less than once a month
ACTIVITY EVALUATION TABLE
SCORE EVALUATION ACTIVITY CATEGORY
81 to 100 Very active lifestyle High
60 to 80 Active and healthy Very Good
40 to 59 Acceptable but could be better Fair
20 to 39 Not good enough Poor
Under 20 Sedentary Very Poor
Computation: Intensity x Duration x Frequency = Score
Your Score: ________ x _________ x _________ = _______

5
What’s New
How familiar are you on this dance step? Put a check mark on Column (A)
if you are familiar with the step pattern. Otherwise, put a checkmark on
Column (B) if you are not familiar. Count the number of responses
and check the results in the interpretation table found at the Answer Key
page of this module.
A B
Step
#
Step Pattern
Note: LF (Left Foot); RF (Right Foot)
1 Step LF forward; Step RF sideward; Bring LF close to RF
2
Step LF forward (slow); Step RF forward (slow); Sidestep LF to left
(quick); Move RF close to LF (quick)
3
Step LF backward (slow); Step RF backward (slow); Sidestep LF to left
(quick); move RF close to LF (quick)
4
Step LF forward (slow); Step RF forward passing LF (slow); Step LF
forward passing RF (quick); Step RF to the right (quick); Step LF
close to RF (slow)
5
Step LF forward (slow); Step RF forward (slow); Step LF to the side
(quick); Step RF closes to LF (quick); Step LF to the side (slow); Step
RF back (slow); Step LF to the side (quick); Step RF closes to LF
(quick); Step LF to the side (slow)
Notes from the Teacher
 Return this module on _______________________
 Do not write anything on this module. Other learners will be using
this, TOO.
 Use separate sheets in answering the learning tasks in this module.
 Provide a folder organizer compilation of all activities (clear book,
long size, color ___________).
 For clarification, you may contact your teacher/facilitator at mobile
number _________________________________.

6
6
Step LF forward (ct.2); Transfer weight to LF (ct.3); Step LF to side
(ct.4); Step RF (ct. and); Step LF to the side (ct.1); Step RF back (ct.2);
Transfer weight to LF (ct.3); Step RF to the side (ct.4); Step LF closes
to RF (ct. and); Step RF to the side (ct.1)
7
Step back with LF (ct.1); weight shift to RF (ct.2); Sidestep LF to left
(ct.3); Move RF to LF (ct. and); Sidestep LF to the left (ct.4); Weight
shift to RF (ct.5); Sidestep LF to right (ct. and); Sidestep RF to right
(ct.6)
8
Step LF forward (ct. 1); Move RF close to LF (ct.&); Shift weight to LF
(ct.2); Step RF backward (ct.3); Move LF close to RF (ct.&); Weight
shift to RF (ct.4)
9
Step LF forward (ct.2); Replace weight to RF (ct.3); Step LF sideward
left (ct.4,1); Step RF backward (ct.2); Step LF forward & transfer
weight (ct.3); Step RF sideward right (ct.4,1)
10
Step LF forward (ct.2); Replace weight to RF (ct.3); Step LF back
(ct.4,1); Step RF backward (ct.2); Replace weight to LF forward(ct.3);
Step RF forward (ct.4,1)
What is It
Lesson
1
Standard Ballroom Dances
Brief History, Nature and Characteristics
Standard ballroom dances are smooth, flowing ballroom dances that move
around the entire dance floor in a counterclockwise movement. The
international Standard and International Latin techniques were codified by
the Imperial Society of Teacher of Dance (ISTD) to come up with a unified
syllabus for all those interested in learning ballroom dancing. These includes
Foxtrot, Waltz, Tango, and Quick Step.
 Foxtrot
 Was named after an American performer Harry Fox, which was
premiered in 1914.
 It is an elegant dance whose objective is to travel smoothly around
the dance floor.
 The time signature is 4/4 with the first and third beats accented.
 “Slow” count = 2 beats. “Quick count = 1 beat.
 Counting in beats and bars: 1 2 3 4, 2 2 3 4, 3 2 3 4, 4 2 3 4, etc.

7
 Waltz
 Was introduced in England in 1874 but it was in 1922 that it became
as fashionable as Tango. Waltz’s steps have already undergone
change and improvements as well and as a result of this, many more
variations became possible. It is also considered by some as “mother
of present-day dances” and the “backbone dance” of the ballroom.
 It is a smooth, progressive dance that travels around the line of
dance, characterized by its “rise and fall” action.
 The time signature is 3/4 with the first beat accented.
 Each step = 1 beat.
 Counting in beats and bars: 1 2 3, 2 2 3, 3 2 3, 4 2 3, etc.
 Tango
 Was first danced in Europe before World War I. The word “tango”
may be an African term for “closed space” or “reserved ground,” or it
may be from the Latin verb tanguere which mean “to touch”. It
originates from Buenos Aires (Argentina) where it was first danced
in “Barrio de Las Rana”, the ghetto of Buenos Aires.
 It is a sensual ballroom dance that originated in South America
during the early 20th century.
 The time signature is 2/4 with both beats accented.
 “Slow” count = 1 beat. “Quick” count = 1/2 beat.
 Counting in beats and bars: 1 2, 1 and 2, etc.
 Quick Step
 Was developed during World War I in New York and became popular
in ballrooms. It has a common origin as that of the Foxtrot.
 It is an up-and-down, rise-and-fall swinging motion performed at a
fast pace. Music used is usually jazz or swing with a brisk tempo. It
is little faster than brisk walking, although it seems much faster for
beginners.
 The time signature is 4/4 with the first and third beats accented.
 “Slow” count = 2 beats. “Quick” count = 1 beat.
 Counting in beats and bars: 1 2 3 4, 2 2 3 4, 3 2 3 4, 4 2 3 4, etc.

8
Fundamental Movements (Foxtrot):
Basic Steps Illustration Counts/Step Pattern
Starting Position
1.Basic Step
(Forward-
Backward)
Stand upright with your feet
together. Face each other, lady
puts her right hand on the
Gentleman’s left hand. His
right hand is on her left
shoulder blade; her left hand is
on his right arm. Knees almost
touching with each other and
in slightly bent and feet
together.
Basic forward (Gentleman)
1. Step forward with your left
foot (slow) – cts. 1,2
2. Step forward with your
right foot (slow) – cts. 3,4
3. Sidestep to the left with
your left foot (quick)- ct. 2
4. Move your right foot close
to your left foot (quick) – ct.
2
Basic backward (Gentleman)
5. Step backward with your
left foot (slow) – cts. 3,4
right foot (slow) cts. 3,2
your left foot (quick) – ct. 3
4
Basic forward (Lady)
left foot (slow) – cts. 3,4

9
2. Rock Left
Turn (Pivot)
3. Promenade
Step
3. Sidestep to the right with
your right foot (quick) – ct.
2
4. Move your left foot close to
2
Basic backward (Lady)
foot (slow) – ct. 3,2
7. Sidestep to the right with
3
8. Move your left foot close to
your right foot (quick step)
– ct. 4
Basic Rock Left Turn
(Gentleman)
2. Step sideward with a pivot
(towards left) with your
2
Note: Opposite direction for the
Lady. Start with Right foot.
Basic Promenade (Gentleman
& lady)
1. Step sideward with your left
2. Step sideward with your
right foot across left (slow) –
cts. 3,4

10
4. Foxtrot
Progressive
Step
5. Foxtrot Left
Turn
2
Lady. Start with Right foot going
right side.
Foxtrot Progressive Step
(Gentleman)
 Rhythm is slow (cts. 1,2),
quick (ct.3), quick (ct.ct.4),
slow (cts.2,2), quick (ct.3),
quick (ct.4)
Lady. Start with Right foot going
right side.
Foxtrot Progressive Step
(Gentleman)
 Rhythm – slow (cts. 1,2),
quick (ct.3), quick (ct.4),
slow (cts.2,2), quick
(ct.3), quick (ct.4)
Note: Movements of the Lady is
opposite to the Gentleman
Fundamental Movements (Waltz):
Basic Steps Illustration Step Pattern
Starting Position
Closed position, facing
diagonal center
Note:
Rise and Fall in Waltz
The rise and fall is unique
to the waltz. If possible, all

11
1. Left Foot
Change
(Forward)
2. Right Foot
Change
(Backward or
against the
line of dance)
the steps in the waltz
should be long.
Waltz Left Foot Change
(Gentleman)
1. Step forward with
your left foot, (the
weight is taken on the
heel, then on to the ball
of the foot) – ct. 1
2. Step sideward with
your right foot, (a
gradual rise to the toes
should be started at
the end of the first
beat, and continued to
the second and third
beat of each bar of
music) – ct. 2
3. Bring the left foot close
to the right foot, (lower
to the normal position
at the end of the third
beat by lowering to the
heel of the foot which
is carrying the weight)
– ct. 3
Note: Movements of the Lady
is opposite to the Gentleman
Waltz Right Foot
Change (Gentleman)
Start position - facing line
of dance
1. Step backward with
your right foot – ct. 1
2. Step sideward with
your left foot – ct. 2

12
3. Waltz Box
(Left Box
Step)
4. Waltz
Forward
Progressive
5. Waltz
Promenade
Step
3. Bring the right foot,
parallel to the left foot
– ct. 3
Waltz Box (Gentleman)
Man starts and finished
facing Line of Dance
 It is a combination of
the Left Foot Change
and the Right Foot
change
 One basic is 6 steps
(cts. 1 2 3, 2 2 3)
 The man is in closed
dance position in front
of the woman, facing
line of dance. The
woman is slightly to
the right.
Waltz Forward
Progressive (Gentleman)
Start position (face line of
dance)
 Left foot change and
right foot change
forward
(cts. 1 2 3, 2 2 3)
Waltz Promenade Step
(Gentleman)
Start position - face
diagonal to wall
 Left foot change and
right foot change
forward

13
6. Waltz Left
Turn
7. Waltz Right
Turn
8. Waltz Whisk
(cts. 1 2 3, 2 2 3)
Waltz Left Turn
(Gentleman)
(cts. 1 2 3, 2 2 3, 3 2
3, 4 2 3)
Waltz Right Turn
(Gentleman)
Start position
 Precede with a left foot
change, then 2 right
turns and finish with a
right foot change
(cts. 1 2 3, 2 2 3, 3 2
3, 4 2 3)
Waltz Whisk
(Gentleman)
Start position
1. Step left foot forward –
ct.1
2. Step right foot side- ct.
2
3. Step left foot crosses
behind right foot – ct.3

14
Waltz Whisk (Lady)
Start position.
1. Step right foot back –
ct. 1
2. Step left foot side,
turning to promenade
position – ct. 2
3. Step right foot crosses
behind left foot in
promenade position –
ct. 3
Fundamental Movements (Tango):
Basic Steps Illustration Step Pattern
Starting Position Partners are in a closed-
hold position, usually
closer than in other
dances. The man's left
hand is holding the lady's
right hand. His right hand
is placed on her back,
along the bottom of her
ribcage. The lady's left
hand is placed on his right
shoulder. (Note: always
bent your knees. The lead
and follow mirror each
other’s steps. The lead
begins with the left foot,
the follow with the right.
Walks usually curve
gradually to the left.

15
1. Basic Tango
Walk
Tango Walk
(Gentleman)
left foot (slow) – cts.
1,2
right foot passing the
left foot (slow) – cts.
1,2
3. Step forward again
with your left foot this
time passing the right
foot (quick) – ct. 1
4. Step forward to the
right with your right
foot (quick) – ct. and
5. Step left foot close to
right foot (slow) – cts.
2,1
Tango Walk (Lady)
1. Step back with your
right foot (slow)- cts.
1,2
left foot passing the
right foot (slow) – cts.
1,2
3. Step back again with
your right foot this
time passing the left
foot (quick) – ct. 1
4. Step back and to the
left with your left foot
(quick) – ct. and
5. Right foot close to left

16
2. Tango Rock
Turn
3. Open Reverse
Turn, Lady
Outside
Note:
Basic Tango Rock
(Gentlemen)
1. Step right foot forward
(slow) – cts. 1,2
2. Step left foot to side
and slightly back
(quick)- ct. 1
3. Transfer weight to
right foot, right side
leading (quick) – ct.
and
4. Step left foot back,
small step, L side
leading (slow) – cts.
1,2
5. Step right foot back in
CBMP (quick) – ct. 1
and slightly forward
(quick) – ct. and
7. Step right foot closes
to LF slightly back
(slow) – cts. 1,2
Open Reverse Turn,
Lady Outside
(Gentlemen)
1. Step left foot forward
in CBMP (quick) – ct. 1
2. Step right food to side
(quick) – ct. and
3. Step left foot back in
CBMP (slow) – cts. 1,2
4. Step right foot back
(quick) – ct. 1
and slightly forward
(quick) – ct. and
to left foot slightly
back (slow) – cts. 1,2
Gentleman’s
Footwork
Lady’s
Footwork

17
Note:
CBMP stands for Contra
Body Movement Position.
A foot position where the
foot is placed on or across
the line of the supporting
foot, either in front or
behind, to maintain body
line.

18
Fundamental Movements (Quick Step):
Basic Step Illustration Step Pattern
Starting
Position
1. Quick Step
Basic
Closed position, facing
diagonal wall
Quick Step Basic
(Gentlemen)
(slow) – cts. 1,2
(slow) – cts. 3,4
3. Step left foot to the
side (quick) – ct. 2
to left foot (quick) –
ct.2
side (slow) – cts. 3,4
(slow) – cts. 3,2
side (quick) – ct. 3
to left foot(quick) ct.4
side (slow) – cts. 4,2
Note: Repeat from step 2
Quick Step Basic (Lady)
(slow)
2. Step left foot back
(slow)
3. Step right foot to the
side (quick)

19
2. Natural Turn
4. Step left foot closes to
right foot (quick)
side (slow)
6. Step left foot
forward(slow)
side (quick)
right foot(quick)
side (slow)
Note: Repeat from step 2
Natural Turn
(Gentleman)
(slow)
2. Step left foot side
turning halfway
(quick)
to left foot (quick)
4. Step left foot back
(slow)
5. Step right foot to side,
small step -heel pull-
(slow)
(slow)

20
Lesson
2
Latin Ballroom Dances
Brief History, Nature and Characteristics
Latin ballroom dances are energetic dances which reflect the shift in rhythm
of the music being danced to. Latin dance has a rich cultural history rooted
in the traditional dances of native peoples of Latin America. Formal Latin
dances includes Cha-cha-cha, Jive, Samba and Rumba.
 Cha-cha-cha
 Is a newcomer in Latin American dances with origin only in the fifties
and became popular shortly after mambo was introduced.
 It is passionate, energetic, lively and a flirtatious dance.
 The time signature is 4/4 with accented beat on the first and fourth
of each bar.
 Count 2 = 1 beat; Count 3 = 1 beat; Count 4 = half beat
 Counting in beats and bars: 2 3 4 and 1, etc.
 Jive
 Was developed from the dance “jitterbug” from America. After the
origination of the jive dance in the United States, it slowly spread to
the European countries and in the United Kingdom.
 A lively style of dance popular especially in the 1940s and 1950s,
performed to swing music or rock and roll.
 The time signature is 4/4 with accent on the first beat, second beat,
and fourth beat of each bar.
 Count 1 = 1 beat; Count 2 = 1 beat; Count 3 = 2/4 beat; Count a =
¼ beat; Count 4 = 1 beat
 Counting in beats and bars: 1 2 3and4 5and6 etc.
 Samba
 It is one of the five international Latin dances developed in Brazil
during the 19th century.
 The basic footwork features fast, three-step weight changes with a
slight knee lift, led with alternating feet. The basic rhythm is “quick”,
quick, slow, and repeat.
 The time signature is 2/4 with musical accent on the first beat and
percussive accent on the second beat.
 Counting rhythms: 1 and 2, 3 and 4, etc.
 Rumba
 It originates primarily from Cuba in the sixteenth century, which has
its roots in African rhythms brought to America by the slaves.

21
 Considered as the sexiest of the ballroom dances which tells the
story of love and passion between a strong man and a teasing
woman.
 The time signature is 4/4 with an accent on the first beat and fourth
beat of each bar.
 Counting in beats: 2 3 4 1. Count 2 = 1 beat; Count 3 = 1 beat; Count
4 1 = 2 beats half beat.
Fundamental Movements (Cha-cha-cha):
Starting
Position
1. Cha-cha-cha
Closed Basic
Closed facing position
Cha-cha-cha Closed
Basic (Gentlemen)
(ct. 2)
right foot (ct. 3)
(ct.4)
to left foot (ct. and)
side (ct. 1)
(ct. 2)
7. Transfer weight to left
foot (ct. 3)
side (ct. 4)
right foot (ct. and)
10.Step right foot to the
side (ct. 1)

22
2. New York
Preparatory Position 1
2 3
4 5
Cha-cha-cha Closed
Basic (Lady)
1. Step right foot
backward (ct. 2)
foot (ct. 3)
3. Step right foot to side
(ct.4)
left foot (ct. and)
side (ct. 1)
(ct. 2)
right foot (ct. 3)
side (ct. 4)
10.Step left foot to the
side (ct. 1)
New York (Gentleman)
Open face position
(preparatory position and
right foot side
in side-by-side
position (ct. 2)
right foot (ct. 3)
3. Facing partner, Step
left foot to side (ct.4)
side (ct. 1)
in side-by-side
position (ct. 2)
foot (ct. 3)
side (ct. 4)

23
6 7
8 9 10
right foot (ct. and)
10.Step right foot to the
side (ct. 1)
Fundamental Movements (Jive):
Starting
Position
1. Jive Basic in
Place
Jive is danced with the
lady and man facing each
other (Closed Position).
The man's left hand
loosely holds the lady's
right hand. The man
leads starting with his left
foot and the lady follows
his movements.
Jive Basic in Place
(Gentlemen)
left foot (Rock step) -
ct.1
2. Right foot in place,
weight shifts to it- ct.2
3. Sidestep to the left
with your left foot
(Chasse to the left)- ct.
3
4. Move your right foot to
your left foot - ct. and

24
2. Fallaway
Rock
Preparatory Position
with your left foot -
ct.4
weight shifts to it
(Chasse to the right) –
ct. 5
7. Sidestep to the right
with your left foot -ct.
and
with your right foot -
ct.6
Jive Basic in Place
(Lady)
right foot (Rock step) –
ct.1
2. Left foot in place,
weight shifts to it – ct.
2
with your right foot
(Chasse to the right) –
ct. 3
4. Move your left foot to
your right foot – ct.
and
with your right foot –
ct. 4
weight shifts to it
(Chasse to the left) –
ct. 5
with your right foot –
ct. and
with your left foot – ct.
6
Fallaway Rock
(Gentleman)
Begin with a closed
position facing partner
1. Step left foot back in
fallaway position (ct.1)

25
1 2
3 4 5
6 7 8
2. Replace weight to right
foot in promenade (ct.
2)
3. Side step to the left (ct.
3)
4. Step left foot close to
right (ct. and)
5. Side step to left (ct. 4)
6. Side step to the R (ct.
5
7. Step right foot close to
left (ct. and)
8. Side step to the right
(ct. 6)
Fundamental Movements (Samba):
Starting
Position

26
1. Samba
Natural Basic
2. Samba Whisk
1 2
Samba Natural Basic
(Gentlemen)
left foot (ct. 1)
your left foot (ct. and)
weight shifts to it (ct.
2)
your right foot (ct. 3)
your right foot (ct.
and)
4)
Samba Natural Basic
(Lady)
your right foot (ct. 1)
your right foot (and)
2)
left foot (ct. 3)
your left foot (ct. and)
4)
Samba Whisk
(Gentlemen)
(ct. 1)
2. Step right foot behind
left foot w/o weight-
Cuban cross (ct. and)
3. Take minimal weight
to right foot and

27
3 4
5 6
replace weight to left
foot (ct. 2)
4. Step right foot to side
(ct. 3)
5. Step left foot behind
right foot w/o weight-
Cuban cross (ct. and)
6. Take minimal weight
to left foot and replace
weight to right foot (ct.
4)
Fundamental Movements (Rumba):
Starting
Position
1. Rumba
Closed Basic
1 2 3
Rumba Closed Basic
(Gentlemen)
Start by facing your
partner (ct.1)
(ct. 2)
foot (ct. 3)

28
2. Rumba Open
Basic
4 5 6
1 2
3 4
5 6
3. Step left foot sideward
left (ct. 4,1)
4. Step right foot
backward (ct. 2)
(transfer weight to left
foot) (ct. 3)
6. Step right foot
sideward right (ct. 4,1)
Rumba Open Basic
(Gentlemen)
Start by open facing
position with your partner
(ct.1)
(ct. 2)
foot (ct. 3)
3. Step left foot back (ct.
4,1)
4. Step right foot
backward (ct. 2)
5. Replace weight to left
foot forward (ct. 3)
6. Step right foot
forward (ct. 4,1)

29
Lesson
3
Hydration and Overexertion in Dancing
Dehydration, overexertion, hypo-and hyperthermia maybe experienced during
participation to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Dancers sweat
as they generate heat during training, rehearsal, and performance. This is
how the body cools itself. This loss of fluid, however, can lead to dehydration,
resulting in dizziness, lack of energy, inability to concentrate, sore muscles,
and lackluster performance. This loose of fluid, however can lead to
dehydration which may lead to hypothermia and hyperthermia where there is
an increase or decrease of heat production of body temperature. Pushing
yourself too hard during physical activity may also cause overexertion leading
to dizziness, feeling faint and lightheadedness. These may affect your dancing
performance and your over-all health status will be at stake. Observing some
safety protocols can help avoid dehydration, overexertion, hypo-and
hyperthermia.
Dehydration and Hydration
Dehydration is caused by not drinking enough fluid or by losing more fluid
than you take in. Fluid is lost through sweat, tears, vomiting, urine or
diarrhea. The severity of dehydration can depend on a number of factors, such
as climate, level of physical activity and diet. Consider the following safety
protocols to avoid dehydration:
 Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water. Drinking enough water
each day is crucial for many reasons:
1. to regulate body temperature;
2. to keep joints lubricated;
3. to prevent infections;
4. to deliver nutrients to cells; and
5. to keep organs functioning properly.
 Eat foods with high amounts of water like fruits and vegetables.
 Avoid or limit drinks with caffeine like coffee, teas and soft drinks.
 Avoid or limit drinks with alcohol.
Physical activity therefore results in increased water requirements that
parallel sweat losses. If these hydration needs for exercise are not met, the
body can enter a state of dehydration. Dehydration during physical activity is
recognized as having a detrimental effect. Staying well hydrated: before,
during and after exercise is very important.

30
Overexertion
Overexertion occurs when people push themselves too hard during physical
activity. Signs of overexertion includes dizziness, and feeling faint. Feeling
dizzy after a moderate to vigorous physical activity is a common occurrence.
Considering safety protocols in order to avoid dizziness as a result to
overexertion is to:
 cool down and rest for a few minutes;
 sit down and place the head between the knees to increases blood flow
to the brain;
 practice deep breathing for several minutes, making sure to inhale and
exhale slowly;
 stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids before, during, and after
physical activity;
 eat something (a snack) of complex carbohydrates and lean proteins (an
hour or so before a workout is advisable);
 increase the intensity of workouts gradually and avoid pushing the body
too hard;
 quit smoking.
Hyperthermia and Hypothermia
Hyperthermia and Hypothermia are both conditions that may occur when the
body can no longer release enough of its heat to maintain a normal
temperature. The body has different coping mechanisms to get rid of excess
body heat, largely breathing, sweating, and increasing blood flow to the
surface of the skin. Hyperthermia differs from fever to which the body's
temperature set point remains unchanged. The opposite is hypothermia,
which occurs when the temperature drops below that required to maintain
normal metabolism. Heat exhaustion is one of the more serious stages of
hyperthermia. Any activity that involves exercise in warm, and humid
environments increases the risk of this condition. Some safety protocols may
help prevent this condition such as:
 getting out of the cold, wind, or rain if possible,
 adding warm layers of clothing;
 wearing loose clothing in multiple layers. To prevent yourself from
sweating and cooling down too much, remove a layer if you get hot.
Looser clothing retains heat well, but your sleeves should fit snugly at
the wrists.
 eating enough food with enough source of carbohydrates;
 drinking fluids;
 moving your body to help warm your core;
 preventing more serious problems, take action as soon as you notice
early signs of the condition;

31
What’s More
Activity 1.1. Unscramble Me Please!
Arrange the scrambled letters to form the correct word based on the given
clue.
1. _____________ SANDDART LABMORL CANDE. A smooth flowing dance
that move around the entire dance floor.
2. _____________ XOTORFT. Was named after an American performer
Harry Fox.
3. _____________ NATOG. It has a time signature of 2/4 with a slow and
quick count.
4. _____________ KIQUC PEST. It is an up-and-down, rise and fall
swinging motion performed at a fast pace with jazz music in a brisk
tempo.
5. _____________ TILAN LABROMOL NACED. Are energetic dances which
reflect the shift of the music being danced to.
6. _____________ CHA CAH CAH. It is a passionate, energetic, lively and
flirtatious dance in 4/4-time signature.
7. _____________ VEJI. Developed from the “jitterbug” from America
performed to swing music or rock and roll.
8. _____________ RHATIONYDED. Caused by not drinking enough fluid
during physical activity.
9. _____________ DISZISEZ. Occurs as a result of overexertion.
10. _____________ MIAHPERHYNTER DAN REAHPOTHIMY. Are conditions
that may occur when the body can no longer release enough of its heat
to maintain a normal temperature.
Activity 1.2. Complete Me!
Complete the missing parts of the Ballroom Dance Chart. Possible answers
can be found inside the box. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
a. Foxtrot i. 2/4 q. Basic in Place y. Natural Turn
b. Waltz j. 3/4 r. Natural Basic z. Left Turn
c. Tango k. 4/4 s. Open Basic
d. Quick Step l. Left Foot Change t. Promenade
e. Cha-cha-cha m. Basic Forward u. Progressive
f. Jive n. Basic Backward v. New York
g. Samba o. Basic Walk w. Whisk
h. Rumba p. Closed Basic x. Fallaway Rock

32
Dance Chart on Ballroom Dances
Category
Fundamental
Movement
Step Pattern
Note: LF (Left Foot); RF (Right Foot)
Time
Signature
Waltz 1. _____________
Step LF forward; Step RF sideward;
Bring LF close to RF
3/4
Foxtrot Basic Forward
Step LF forward (slow); Step RF
forward (slow); Sidestep LF to left
(quick); Move RF close to LF (quick)
4/4
Foxtrot Basic Backward
Step LF backward (slow); Step RF
backward (slow); Sidestep LF to left
(quick); move RF close to LF (quick)
4/4
2. ______ 3. ____________
forward passing LF (slow); Step LF
forward passing RF (quick); Step RF
to the right (quick); Step LF close to
RF (slow)
4. _____
5. ________ Basic
forward (slow); Step LF to the side
(quick); Step RF closes to LF (quick);
Step LF to the side (slow); Step RF
back (slow); Step LF to the side
(quick); Step RF closes to LF (quick);
Step LF to the side (slow)
6. ______
7. ________ 8. _____________
Step LF forward (ct.2); Transfer
weight to LF (ct.3); Step LF to side
(ct.4); Step RF (ct. and); Step LF to
the side (ct.1); Step RF back (ct.2);
Transfer weight to LF (ct.3); Step RF
to the side (ct.4); Step LF closes to
RF (ct. and); Step RF to the side
(ct.1)
4/4
Jive Basic in Place
Step back with LF (ct.1); weight
shift to RF (ct.2); Sidestep LF to left
(ct.3); Move RF to LF (ct. and);
Sidestep LF to the left (ct.4); Weight
shift to RF (ct.5); Sidestep LF to
right (ct. and); Sidestep RF to right
(ct.6)
4/4
9. ___________ Natural Basic
Step LF forward (ct. 1); Move RF
close to LF (ct.&); Shift weight to LF
(ct.2); Step RF backward (ct.3);
2/4

33
Move LF close to RF (ct.&); Weight
shift to RF (ct.4)
Rumba 10. ____________
Step LF forward (ct.2); Replace
weight to RF (ct.3); Step LF
sideward left (ct.4,1); Step RF
backward (ct.2); Step LF forward &
transfer weight (ct.3); Step RF
sideward right (ct.4,1)
4/4
Rumba Open Basic
Step LF forward (ct.2); Replace
weight to RF (ct.3); Step LF back
(ct.4,1); Step RF backward (ct.2);
Replace weight to LF forward(ct.3);
Step RF forward (ct.4,1)
4/4
Activity 1.3. Its Ballroom Time!
With a lady partner, practice the basic movements of the ballroom dances
specified on the table. Complete the table as required. In practicing, always
observe personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration, overexertion, hypo-and
hyperthermia.
Record of Heart Rate During Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity
Basic Ballroom
Movements
Heart Rate
(Before the Practice)
Pulse: ___ beats in 10
seconds x 6
Heart Rate
(After the Practice)
Pulse: ___ beats in 10
seconds x 6
RPE
Note: Please
Refer on RPE
Chart on Page
34
1. Foxtrot Rock Left
Turn
2. Foxtrot
Promenade
3. Foxtrot
Progressive
4. Foxtrot Left Turn
5. Waltz Right Foot
Change
6. Waltz Box
7. Waltz Forward
Progressive

34
8. Waltz Promenade
Step
9. Waltz Left Turn
10. Waltz Right Turn
11. Waltz Whisk
12. Tango Rock Turn
13. Tango Open
Reverse Turn
Lady Outside
14. Quickstep
Natural Turn
15. Cha-cha-cha New
York
16. Jive Fallaway
Rock
17. Samba Walk
Average RPE (Total RPE / 17) :
RPE CHART
RPE (Rate of Perceived Exertion)
10
Maximum Effort Activity
Feels almost impossible to keep going. Completely out of breath, unable to talk
9
Very Hard Activity
Very difficult to maintain exercise intensively. Can barely breathe and speak a single
word
7-8
Vigorous Activity
On the verge of becoming uncomfortable. Short of breathe, can speak a sentence.
4-6
Moderate Activity
Feels like you can exercise for hours. Breathing heavily, can hold a short
conversation
2-3
Light Activity
Feels like you can maintain for hours. Easy to breathe and carry on a conversation
1
Very Light Activity
Anything other than sleeping, watching TV, riding a car, etc.
Completely out of breath, unable to talk

35
What I Have Learned
1. Ballroom dancing is a formal social dancing for couples, where one
person leads and the other follows the steps. It is popular both as a
recreational (social) and competitive (dancesport) activity. The word
“ball” is from the Latin word ballare, which means dance.
2. There are two main types of ballroom dance, the Standard and Latin.
The following are its fundamental characteristics that make up
ballroom dance/dancesports as a dance style:
 Posture- enables a dancer to stand out on the floor, which shows
sophistication and confidence.
 Timing- dancing on time with the music.
 Line- the stretching of the body.
 Hold- the correct position of the body with the partner in closed
position.
 Poise- the stretch of the woman’s body upwards and outwards and
leftwards into the man’s right arm to achieve balance and connection
with his frame, as well as to project outwards to the audience.
 Togetherness- dancing of two people as one on the dance floor.
 Musicality and expression- the basic characterization of the dance
with the particular music being played and the choreographic
adherence to musical phrasings and accents.
 Presentation- how the couple presents their dancing to the
audience as well as the proper costuming and grooming.
 Power- the energy that is controlled and not wild.
 Foot and leg action- the use of lower extremities that creates
balance, beauty and strength.
 Shape- the combination of turn and sway to create a look or a
position.
 Lead and follow- the non-verbal communication of the man and
lady through shape, visual, and body weight.
 Floorcraft- the ability to avoid bumping into other couples and
continue dancing without pause when boxed in.
 Intangibles- how a couple “look” together in performing their
dances.
3. Basic terminologies include the following:
 Alignment- the position of the feet in relation to the room.
 Footwork – refers to the part of the foot in contact with the floor.
 Timing- the synchronization of actions with the beat of the music.

36
 Line of dance (LOD) – the counter clockwise direction around the
dance floor.
 Wall- means the direction perpendicular to the LOD pointing
towards the wall of the room (imaginary).
 Center- means the direction perpendicular to the LOD pointing
towards the center of the room.
 Open facing position- a variation of open position where gentleman
and lady stand apart, facing each other, usually with a one-or two-
hand connection.
 Outside partner position- a variation of the closed position where
the tracking of the gentleman and lady’s feet are slightly offset.
 Promenade position- a V-shaped dance position where both
gentleman and lady move forward and in the same direction, toward
the open end of the “V”.
 Closed position- the normal hold where couple stand facing each
other in body contact slightly offset to the left. In Latin dances,
couple stand few inches apart, either directly in front of each other
or very slightly offset.
 Open position- any dance position where a gentleman and a lady
stand apart or slightly apart, without taking a closed position dance
hold.
Ballroom/Dancesport Position Illustrations

37
What I can do
Activity 1.1 Let’s Groove It Out!
Select one category of ballroom dance (either one from the Standard or one
from the Latin) you wish to perform with a lady partner. Use appropriate
music for the chosen dance. You can add variations to the dance if you want
by watching video tutorials on YouTube. Practice your dance routine and
observe personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration, overexertion,
hypothermia and hyperthermia in doing the activity. Take a 5-minute video
documentation if you already mastered the dance routine. Submit the video
output to your teacher/facilitator. Set your own standards and percentage
using the suggested Rubrics below.
Suggested Rubrics for a Ballroom Dance/Dancesports Performance
Criteria
(Refer on page 35 on fundamental
characteristics of ballroom
dance/dancesports)
Weight
(In Percentage)
Posture
Timing
Line
Total:
Hold
Poise
Togetherness
Total:
Musicality and Expression
Presentation
Power
Lead and Follow
Other fundamental characteristics
Total:
Over-all Total: 100%

38
Assessment
I. True or False. Write A if the given statement is correct. Write B if the
statement is incorrect. Be guided with the underlined word/phrase.
1. Ballroom dancing is a formal social dancing for couples, where one
person leads and the other follows the steps.
2. Latin ballroom dance includes Quickstep, Foxtrot, Tango and Waltz.
3. Promenade, outside partner, close and open positions are the
fundamental movements commonly used for both Latin and Standard
ballroom dances.
4. Hydration, overexertion, hypothermia and hyperthermia maybe
experience if you will not observe personal safety protocol in
participating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
5. Hold, poise, togetherness, lead and follow are some of the fundamental
characteristics that make-up ballroom/dancesports a dance style.
II. Add-One-Out. Write A if the given statement is correct. However,
change the underlined word with the options provided after each
sentence if you think it makes the sentence incorrect.
6. Foxtrot is an elegant dance whose objective is to travel smoothly around
the dance floor. (B.) Waltz (C.) Tango (D.) Quickstep
7. Tango is a smooth, progressive dance that travels around the line of
dance, characterized by its “rise and fall” action. (B.) Waltz
(C.) Quickstep (D.) Foxtrot
8. Among the standard ballroom dances, Tango has the only time
signature of 3/4. (B.)1 and 2 and (C.) 4/4 (D.) 2/4
9. Quickstep is little faster than brisk walking characterized by its up-and-
down, rise-and-fall swinging motion in jazz or swing music. (B.) Foxtrot
C.) Tango (D.) Waltz
10. New York is a fundamental movement of Rumba. (B.) Samba (C.) Cha-
cha-cha (D.) Jive
11. Performed to swing music or rock and roll, Jive is considered a lively
dance style in the 1940s and 1950s. (B.) Cha-cha-cha (C.) Samba
(D.) Rumba
12. Rumba has a fast basic footwork feature with 3 step weight changes in
a slight knee lift, leading with alternating feet. (B.) Samba (C.) Jive
(D.) Cha-cha-cha
13. Considered as the sexiest of the ballroom dances, Rumba tells the story
of love and passion between a strong man and a teasing woman. (A.)
Samba (B.) Jive (C.) Cha-cha-cha
14. Drinking enough water before, during and after engaging moderate to
vigorous physical activity is one way of staying hydrated. (A).
dehydrated (B.) overexerted (C.) faint and dizzy

39
15. Warming up your body core, getting out of the cold, wind, or rain are
some of the safety personal protocol in order to avoid hyperthermia and
hypothermia. (A.) dehydration (B.) overexertion (C.) mental retardation
III. Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B. Select the letter of
your choice.
Column A Column B
16. Step, step, close (cts. 1,2,3) a. Waltz
17. 3 step forward (L, R, L), step RF sideward right, b. Tango
step LF close to RF (slow, slow, quick, quick, slow) c. Foxtrot
18. 2 step forward (L, R), step LF sideward left, d. Quickstep
step RF close to LF (slow, slow, quick, quick)
19. 2 step backward (L, R), step LF sideward left,
step RF close to LF (slow, slow, quick, quick)
20. Slow, slow, quick, quick, slow, slow, quick, quick, slow
Column A Column B
21. Counts 2,3, 4 and 1 a. Cha-cha-cha
22. Counts 1,2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6 b. Jive
23. Counts 1 and 2, 3 and 4 c. Samba
24. Counts 2,3,4,1 d. Rumba
25. With 2/4-time signature
Additional Activities
Analyze the data as reflected in Activity 1.3, page 33-34 (It’s Ballroom Time).
Then make a creative Fitness Journal guided with the given questions below.
Your work will be rated according to the Rubrics found at the Answer Key
page.
1. What is your average RPE?
2. What does the result tell you?
3. How do you feel about the result?
4. Do you consider yourself as an active or inactive person? Why?
5. Which of the movements you find it difficult to perform? Why?
6. Which of the movements you find it easy to perform? Why?
7. Which of the personal safety protocols to avoid dehydration,
overexertion, hypothermia and hyperthermia did you observed in doing
the activity?

40
Answer Key
Rubrics for the Fitness Journal
What’s
New
Count
how
many
check
under
Column
(A)
Score
Interpretation
Table
No.
of
√
Interpretation
7-10
Very
familiar
with
the
dance
steps
4-6
Slightly
familiar
with
the
dance
steps
1-3
Not
so
familiar
with
the
dance
steps
What
I
Know
1.
a
2.
d
3.
c
4.
b
5.
a
6.
a
7.
c
8.
d
9.
c
10.
d
Assessment
1.
A
2.
B
3.
B
4.
B
5.
A
6.
A
7.
B
8.
D
9.
A
10.
C
11.
A
12.
B
13.
A
14.
A
15.
A
16.
a
17.
b
18.
c
19.
c
20.
d
21.
a
22.
b
23.
c
24.
d
25.
c
What’s
More
Activity
1.1.
1.
STANDARD
BALLROOM
DANCE
2.
FOXTROT
3.
TANGO
4.
QUICKSTEP
5.
LATIN
BALLROOM
DANCE
6.
CHA
CHA
CHA
7.
JIVE
8.
DEHYDRATION
9.
DIZZINESS
10.
HYPERTHERMIA
AND
HYPOTHERMIA
Activity
1.2.
1.
l
6.
k
2.
c
7.
e
3.
o
8.
p
4.
i
9.
g
5.
d
10.
p

41
References
Books
Aparato, C. R., Brebante, Z. T., Callo, L. F., & Dajime, P. F. (2017). Physical Education and
Health (Vol. II). Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc Manila: Rex Bookstore.
Apolonia, M. L., Collao, M. P., Gabayan, P. A., & Kamus, G. R. (2017). Dance for Life (HOPE)
Series for Senior High School. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E
Publishing, Inc.
Callo, L. F., Camiling, M. S., Yap, J. C., Cagulang, J. P., Doria, J. C., Deveraturda, E. E., &
Grecia, J.-a. G. (n.d.). Physical Education and Health - Grade 10 Learners Material.
DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS.
Online Sources
Ballroom Dancers Com (Jive- Fallaway Rock). (2020, July 17). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.ballroomdancers.com/Dances/info.asp?sid=344
Ballroom Dancers Com (Rumba Close Basic). (2020, July 17). Retrieved from Google:
Ballroom Dancers Com (Rumba Open Basic). (2020, July 17). Retrieved from Google:
Ballroom Dancers Com (Samba Basics). (2020, July 18). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.ballroomdancers.com/Dances/dance_overview.asp?dance=sam
Ballrooom Dancers Com (Cha-cha-cha, New York Step). (2020, July 17). Retrieved from
Google: https://www.ballroomdancers.com/Dances/info.asp?sid=8
Basic Ballroom Dance Position. (2020, July 18). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.liveabout.com/basic-ballroom-dance-positions-4122681
Dance Central Info (Dance Sports). (2020, July 19). Retrieved from Google:
http://www.dancecentral.info/
Dance Central Info. (2020, July 15). Retrieved from Google:
http://www.dancecentral.info/ballroom/international-style/tango/rock-turn
Dancing For Beginners (Jive Basic). (2020, July 17). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.dancing4beginners.com/jive/
Dancing For Beginners. (2020, June 29). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.dancing4beginners.com/foxtrot/
Fuller, J. (2020, June 30). Foxtrot Dance Steps. Retrieved from Google:
https://www.centralhome.com/ballroomcountry/foxtrot_steps.htm
Fuller, J. (2020, June 30). Waltz Dance Steps. Retrieved from Google:
https://www.centralhome.com/ballroomcountry/waltz_steps-1.htm
Hydration For Health. (2020, July 18). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.hydrationforhealth.com/en/why-hydration/everyday-hydration/list-
everyday-hydration/article-healthy-hydration-for-physical-activities/

42
Karen Hardy Dance Studio (Quickstep). (2020, July 19). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.karenhardystudios.com/basics-of-ballroom-dancing/quickstep/
Karen Hardy Dance Studios (Cha-cha-cha). (2020, July 17). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.karenhardystudios.com/basics-of-ballroom-dancing/cha-cha-cha/
Medical News Today (Overexertion-Causes). (2020, July 18). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326851
Passion4Dancing.Com. (2020, June 30). Retrieved from Google:
https://www.passion4dancing.com/lessons/foxtrot-basic-steps/

For inquiries or feedbacks:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources
(DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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