The document models the distribution of golden plover across Scotland using land cover and management variables. It finds the greatest overlap between golden plover abundance and current/proposed wind farms is in three biogeographical zones, estimated at around 5% of the population in each zone. New field data from eleven wind farm and control sites provides evidence that golden plovers significantly avoid wind turbines out to 200m. Wind farm sites also support lower golden plover densities than predicted, indicating negative effects. The results suggest strategies to reduce potential conflicts between wind energy development and maintaining golden plover populations.
This document describes research on developing habitat suitability models for black-tailed prairie dogs in the southern Great Plains. The researchers used long-term datasets on prairie dog colony locations across 7 study sites to create models based on soil properties, topography, and climate. The models show that suitable habitat is positively associated with soil organic matter, pH, clay and depth, and negatively associated with slope and sand. Certain soil-climate interactions were also important. The resulting maps can help prioritize conservation areas for prairie dogs and associated species under climate change.
This study investigated the relationship between soil moisture and fuel moisture content in Oklahoma grasslands. Measurements of soil moisture, expressed as plant available water and fraction of available water capacity, and fuel moisture content of mixed live and dead vegetation were taken biweekly from 2012 to 2013. Results showed fuel moisture content was significantly related to soil moisture, with lower values observed during the drought year of 2012 compared to 2013. While soil moisture did not fully control fuel moisture content, the findings support the potential of using soil moisture data to improve estimates of fuel moisture content and wildfire danger ratings.
Yuxia Liu Phenology 2018 poster on tracking grass phenologyTERN Australia
University of Technology Sydney Yuxia Liu's Phenology 2018 conference poster on tracking grass phenology with phenocams and remote sensing over victorian pastures.
Soil properties and dune heath reestablishmentRhys Turton
This document summarizes soil analysis results from four trial plots on the Sefton Coast, England that are being used to study re-establishing heather habitat. Soil samples were collected and tested for pH, organic matter, magnetic susceptibility, exchangeable cations, nitrogen and phosphorus. The results show variation in properties between sites, with some having higher organic matter or exchangeable bases. However, there are no clear correlations between the soil analysis and the condition of the re-establishment techniques used at each site.
The 2010 drought in the Amazon was more severe than the 2005 drought, based on record low river levels. Satellite data showed widespread and persistent declines in vegetation greenness over a much larger area in 2010 compared to 2005. The declines in 2010 affected 51% of drought-stricken forests and persisted after rainfall returned to normal, unlike in 2005. The loss of photosynthetic capacity due to the 2010 drought may have significantly impacted the global carbon cycle.
The economic value of ecosystem services is not spatially congruent with biod...CIFOR-ICRAF
This study examined the spatial congruence between biodiversity and the economic value of ecosystem services in tropical forests. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 30 valuation studies from different tropical forest sites. They found that the economic value of ecosystem services does not match areas of high biodiversity, but instead follows a nonlinear relationship with accessibility and economic activity levels. Specifically, economic value peaks at intermediate accessibility and development levels. The study concludes that conservation policies focused solely on economic values would fail to protect remote, less disturbed regions that harbor much of the tropical forest biodiversity.
This document describes research on developing habitat suitability models for black-tailed prairie dogs in the southern Great Plains. The researchers used long-term datasets on prairie dog colony locations across 7 study sites to create models based on soil properties, topography, and climate. The models show that suitable habitat is positively associated with soil organic matter, pH, clay and depth, and negatively associated with slope and sand. Certain soil-climate interactions were also important. The resulting maps can help prioritize conservation areas for prairie dogs and associated species under climate change.
This study investigated the relationship between soil moisture and fuel moisture content in Oklahoma grasslands. Measurements of soil moisture, expressed as plant available water and fraction of available water capacity, and fuel moisture content of mixed live and dead vegetation were taken biweekly from 2012 to 2013. Results showed fuel moisture content was significantly related to soil moisture, with lower values observed during the drought year of 2012 compared to 2013. While soil moisture did not fully control fuel moisture content, the findings support the potential of using soil moisture data to improve estimates of fuel moisture content and wildfire danger ratings.
Yuxia Liu Phenology 2018 poster on tracking grass phenologyTERN Australia
University of Technology Sydney Yuxia Liu's Phenology 2018 conference poster on tracking grass phenology with phenocams and remote sensing over victorian pastures.
Soil properties and dune heath reestablishmentRhys Turton
This document summarizes soil analysis results from four trial plots on the Sefton Coast, England that are being used to study re-establishing heather habitat. Soil samples were collected and tested for pH, organic matter, magnetic susceptibility, exchangeable cations, nitrogen and phosphorus. The results show variation in properties between sites, with some having higher organic matter or exchangeable bases. However, there are no clear correlations between the soil analysis and the condition of the re-establishment techniques used at each site.
The 2010 drought in the Amazon was more severe than the 2005 drought, based on record low river levels. Satellite data showed widespread and persistent declines in vegetation greenness over a much larger area in 2010 compared to 2005. The declines in 2010 affected 51% of drought-stricken forests and persisted after rainfall returned to normal, unlike in 2005. The loss of photosynthetic capacity due to the 2010 drought may have significantly impacted the global carbon cycle.
The economic value of ecosystem services is not spatially congruent with biod...CIFOR-ICRAF
This study examined the spatial congruence between biodiversity and the economic value of ecosystem services in tropical forests. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 30 valuation studies from different tropical forest sites. They found that the economic value of ecosystem services does not match areas of high biodiversity, but instead follows a nonlinear relationship with accessibility and economic activity levels. Specifically, economic value peaks at intermediate accessibility and development levels. The study concludes that conservation policies focused solely on economic values would fail to protect remote, less disturbed regions that harbor much of the tropical forest biodiversity.
Assessing the bio-diverse and carbon forest plantings as one of the land-base...SPERI
Biodiverse and carbon forest plantings have potential to contribute significantly to climate change mitigation in Australia. Estimates find they could sequester between 350-750 megatons of CO2e annually by 2050. However, achieving large-scale mitigation will be challenging. Uptake by rural landholders is currently low due to high establishment costs, risks of drought and fire, and long contract lengths. Stable carbon pricing that incentivizes participation will be needed to realize the full mitigation potential. While biodiverse plantings provide benefits, obstacles like monitoring carbon cycles and landholder adoption rates must be addressed for this option to meaningfully impact Australia's emissions reductions goals.
Landscape impacts of bioenergy production using state-and-transition modeling Jennifer Costanza
Overview of simulation modeling to assess landscape impacts of biomass production for bioenergy in North Carolina. This is a talk I gave at the 2nd State-and-Transition Simulation Modeling Conference in Ft. Collins, CO. http://www.stsm2014.org/index.php?title=Home
According to the InvestCarbon model, Jackson County, Oregon lost over 2 million metric tons of stored and sequestered carbon between 2001 and 2011. The majority of carbon stock changes can be attributed to the loss of mixed and evergreen forest cover within the Rogue River National Forest, particularly between Prospect and Butte Falls due to logging without reforestation. The model results showed that over 20,000 hectares of land was converted to alternative uses resulting in reduced carbon storage, while only 6,350 hectares experienced increased carbon storage. Valuing the foregone carbon sequestration using a 3% discount rate and $50 per ton of carbon price, the study estimated the value of lost carbon sequestration opportunities
1) The document describes a modeling system used to simulate spatially explicit baselines of deforestation and forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon to support REDD projects.
2) The model is calibrated using historical deforestation patterns and considers factors like protected areas, infrastructure, and soil quality. It generates baselines at different resolutions from 100m to 1km.
3) The model allows simulation of different policy scenarios like full enforcement of forest code or state-level zoning plans to estimate reduced emissions and carbon stocks compared to business-as-usual baselines.
This document describes a study that developed a method for mapping annual land cover and land use (LULC) in the Dry Chaco ecoregion of South America using MODIS satellite imagery. Reference data was collected by visually interpreting high-resolution QuickBird imagery in Google Earth at random sample points. LULC was classified into 8 classes using predictor variables derived from MODIS time series data and a Random Forests classifier. Annual LULC maps from 2001 to 2007 were produced at 250m resolution and assessed for accuracy. The maps showed rapid deforestation related to expansion of soybean and pasture agriculture.
1) Between 1986 and 2012, approximately 9,492 acres of wetlands in New Jersey were converted to agricultural uses, with the majority being herbaceous and deciduous wooded wetlands.
2) These conversions occurred across the state, with the highest amounts in the Frenchtown, Freehold, and Columbus field office areas.
3) Examples from aerial imagery show verified conversions of deciduous scrub/shrub, coniferous wooded, and mixed forested wetland types to agriculture between 1995 and 2012.
1) The document discusses declining productivity in commercial pine plantations in Southern Africa over successive rotations. Studies have shown nutrient decline and soil acidification following the conversion of grasslands to pine plantations.
2) The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in chemical properties of surface soils in pine plantations of different ages, focusing on acidic and basic cations. It aims to determine if the Ca/Al ratio in soil solution correlates with tree compartment age.
3) The study addresses three key questions: what is the current status of forest soils regarding acidification and nutrient depletion; does soil solution chemistry reflect nutrient decline and increased phytotoxic ions over rotations; and what is the relationship between cation composition, chemical ratios
1) The document describes a modeling system called Amazon Scenarios that is used to simulate baseline deforestation rates and potential emissions reductions from REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon.
2) The model takes into account factors like protected areas, indigenous lands, roads, soils and historical deforestation patterns to generate high and low estimates of business-as-usual deforestation under different policy scenarios.
3) Results from the Amazon Scenarios model have been used to estimate baseline deforestation and emissions reductions for several specific REDD+ projects in Brazil, including in the states of Amazonas, Rondonia, Acre, and Mato Grosso.
Can global soil organic carbon maps be used in policy decisions on practical ...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Mats Söderström from CIAT - Kenya, in FAO Hq, Rome
(1) The document presents a new approach to macrofaunal baseline assessment, monitoring, and sustainable exploitation of the seabed using big data. (2) Over 33,000 samples were collected and analyzed to characterize faunal assemblages, relate fauna to sediment composition, and establish a method to assess sediment change from dredging. (3) Online tools were developed to provide the faunal baseline, relate fauna and sediments, and assess sediment change, enabling more effective environmental management and monitoring.
Estimating soil organic carbon changes: is it feasible?ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Eleanor Milne from Colorado State University - USA, in FAO Hq, Rome
Contributions of Mangroves in Achieving Emission Reduction TargetsCIFOR-ICRAF
Daniel Murdiyarso discusses the contributions of mangroves in achieving emission reduction targets. He provides roadmaps and timelines for including wetlands in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) processes. The document includes tables and figures from IPCC reports on carbon pools in wetlands and blue carbon potentials of mangroves. It also shows mangrove sampling sites in Indonesia and acknowledges contributions to the discussion.
Mangrove emission factors: Scientific background on key emission factors (st...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document provides an overview of emission and removal factors for mangrove ecosystems. It discusses the scientific background and default factors in the 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement for key carbon pools like aboveground biomass, dead organic matter, and soils. It identifies opportunities to refine the factors at Tier 2 and 3 levels based on bioregional and ecological data. Gaps in soil carbon factors for extraction activities and non-CO2 fluxes are noted. Integrating high resolution activity data with mangrove typology maps is recommended to improve national greenhouse gas inventories for blue carbon ecosystems.
This document summarizes a study examining the implications of corn stover prices on land use changes, processing plant costs, and soil erosion. The key findings are:
1) Processing plants will increase corn stover prices to secure more biomass by exploiting both intensive and extensive margins of land within their service area.
2) Higher corn stover prices may paradoxically reduce soil erosion by encouraging conversion of land to continuous corn production with stover removal.
3) The use of cover crops to offset soil erosion may backfire by reducing conversion to continuous corn and increasing erosion from related land use changes.
This study examined how topography influences soil moisture and nitrogen availability across forest sites in Montana. Soil samples were collected monthly from sites varying in elevation, aspect, and microtopography. Results showed nitrogen levels were highest at higher elevations and in hollows, where deeper snowpack insulated soil for longer. Microtopography had a larger influence than elevation alone. Nitrogen availability in early 2015 was reflected in bud nitrogen levels in 2016, suggesting topography impacts seasonal nitrogen cycling and forest productivity over time. Ongoing work is investigating how trees utilize varying nitrogen availability.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of changing vegetation coverage and temperature on the monsoon pattern in the Indian Sundarban region. Satellite imagery from 2005-2012 was analyzed using NDVI to detect changes in vegetation coverage over time. Temperature data from the same period showed an increasing trend. Analysis of rainfall data found decreasing trends in both the number of rainy days and average monsoon rainfall. Statistical analysis revealed that decreasing vegetation coverage correlates with decreasing monsoon rainfall and rainy days, while increasing temperatures correlate with decreasing rainfall and rainy days. The study concludes that declining vegetation and rising temperatures are negatively impacting the monsoon pattern in the region.
Forest management and below-ground litter: Carbon dynamics of UK forest soilsMauro Lanfranchi
The UK has committed to a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050. Attainment of this goal will require that all sectors of British industry search for sensible and meaningful approaches to reducing emissions and improving net carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial bodies. Forests and woodlands are a key component of the global C cycle, and their effective management at global and regional scales is an important mechanism for reducing atmospheric GHG concentrations.
This document summarizes a project to synthesize soil carbon datasets across the United States and Mexico to better understand soil carbon dynamics. The project aims to (1) harmonize existing soil carbon datasets from various US and Mexican agencies, (2) develop synthesis approaches to scale the information, and (3) identify knowledge gaps. Over 100,000 soil samples from the US and 30,000 from Mexico were compiled. Digital soil mapping was used to predict soil organic carbon levels based on environmental factors. Preliminary results estimate soil carbon stocks of 29.3 petagrams for the top 30 cm of US soils and 14.2 petagrams for the top 20 cm of Mexican soils. The study represents a baseline estimate of regional soil carbon variability and
Pemerintah Indonesia berencana meningkatkan anggaran belanja untuk sektor pendidikan dan kesehatan pada tahun depan. Anggaran pendidikan akan naik 10% menjadi Rp500 triliun, sedangkan kesehatan naik 15% menjadi Rp250 triliun. Kenaikan anggaran ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan akses layanan dasar bagi masyarakat.
Erica Scales is an aspiring journalist who began learning at age 12. She has spent time at a radio station, volunteered at film festivals, and is involved in art and being creative. Her goals are to tell positive stories as a journalist in entertainment, build an audience, and promote and refer people to her website.
Assessing the bio-diverse and carbon forest plantings as one of the land-base...SPERI
Biodiverse and carbon forest plantings have potential to contribute significantly to climate change mitigation in Australia. Estimates find they could sequester between 350-750 megatons of CO2e annually by 2050. However, achieving large-scale mitigation will be challenging. Uptake by rural landholders is currently low due to high establishment costs, risks of drought and fire, and long contract lengths. Stable carbon pricing that incentivizes participation will be needed to realize the full mitigation potential. While biodiverse plantings provide benefits, obstacles like monitoring carbon cycles and landholder adoption rates must be addressed for this option to meaningfully impact Australia's emissions reductions goals.
Landscape impacts of bioenergy production using state-and-transition modeling Jennifer Costanza
Overview of simulation modeling to assess landscape impacts of biomass production for bioenergy in North Carolina. This is a talk I gave at the 2nd State-and-Transition Simulation Modeling Conference in Ft. Collins, CO. http://www.stsm2014.org/index.php?title=Home
According to the InvestCarbon model, Jackson County, Oregon lost over 2 million metric tons of stored and sequestered carbon between 2001 and 2011. The majority of carbon stock changes can be attributed to the loss of mixed and evergreen forest cover within the Rogue River National Forest, particularly between Prospect and Butte Falls due to logging without reforestation. The model results showed that over 20,000 hectares of land was converted to alternative uses resulting in reduced carbon storage, while only 6,350 hectares experienced increased carbon storage. Valuing the foregone carbon sequestration using a 3% discount rate and $50 per ton of carbon price, the study estimated the value of lost carbon sequestration opportunities
1) The document describes a modeling system used to simulate spatially explicit baselines of deforestation and forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon to support REDD projects.
2) The model is calibrated using historical deforestation patterns and considers factors like protected areas, infrastructure, and soil quality. It generates baselines at different resolutions from 100m to 1km.
3) The model allows simulation of different policy scenarios like full enforcement of forest code or state-level zoning plans to estimate reduced emissions and carbon stocks compared to business-as-usual baselines.
This document describes a study that developed a method for mapping annual land cover and land use (LULC) in the Dry Chaco ecoregion of South America using MODIS satellite imagery. Reference data was collected by visually interpreting high-resolution QuickBird imagery in Google Earth at random sample points. LULC was classified into 8 classes using predictor variables derived from MODIS time series data and a Random Forests classifier. Annual LULC maps from 2001 to 2007 were produced at 250m resolution and assessed for accuracy. The maps showed rapid deforestation related to expansion of soybean and pasture agriculture.
1) Between 1986 and 2012, approximately 9,492 acres of wetlands in New Jersey were converted to agricultural uses, with the majority being herbaceous and deciduous wooded wetlands.
2) These conversions occurred across the state, with the highest amounts in the Frenchtown, Freehold, and Columbus field office areas.
3) Examples from aerial imagery show verified conversions of deciduous scrub/shrub, coniferous wooded, and mixed forested wetland types to agriculture between 1995 and 2012.
1) The document discusses declining productivity in commercial pine plantations in Southern Africa over successive rotations. Studies have shown nutrient decline and soil acidification following the conversion of grasslands to pine plantations.
2) The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in chemical properties of surface soils in pine plantations of different ages, focusing on acidic and basic cations. It aims to determine if the Ca/Al ratio in soil solution correlates with tree compartment age.
3) The study addresses three key questions: what is the current status of forest soils regarding acidification and nutrient depletion; does soil solution chemistry reflect nutrient decline and increased phytotoxic ions over rotations; and what is the relationship between cation composition, chemical ratios
1) The document describes a modeling system called Amazon Scenarios that is used to simulate baseline deforestation rates and potential emissions reductions from REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon.
2) The model takes into account factors like protected areas, indigenous lands, roads, soils and historical deforestation patterns to generate high and low estimates of business-as-usual deforestation under different policy scenarios.
3) Results from the Amazon Scenarios model have been used to estimate baseline deforestation and emissions reductions for several specific REDD+ projects in Brazil, including in the states of Amazonas, Rondonia, Acre, and Mato Grosso.
Can global soil organic carbon maps be used in policy decisions on practical ...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Mats Söderström from CIAT - Kenya, in FAO Hq, Rome
(1) The document presents a new approach to macrofaunal baseline assessment, monitoring, and sustainable exploitation of the seabed using big data. (2) Over 33,000 samples were collected and analyzed to characterize faunal assemblages, relate fauna to sediment composition, and establish a method to assess sediment change from dredging. (3) Online tools were developed to provide the faunal baseline, relate fauna and sediments, and assess sediment change, enabling more effective environmental management and monitoring.
Estimating soil organic carbon changes: is it feasible?ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Eleanor Milne from Colorado State University - USA, in FAO Hq, Rome
Contributions of Mangroves in Achieving Emission Reduction TargetsCIFOR-ICRAF
Daniel Murdiyarso discusses the contributions of mangroves in achieving emission reduction targets. He provides roadmaps and timelines for including wetlands in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) processes. The document includes tables and figures from IPCC reports on carbon pools in wetlands and blue carbon potentials of mangroves. It also shows mangrove sampling sites in Indonesia and acknowledges contributions to the discussion.
Mangrove emission factors: Scientific background on key emission factors (st...CIFOR-ICRAF
This document provides an overview of emission and removal factors for mangrove ecosystems. It discusses the scientific background and default factors in the 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement for key carbon pools like aboveground biomass, dead organic matter, and soils. It identifies opportunities to refine the factors at Tier 2 and 3 levels based on bioregional and ecological data. Gaps in soil carbon factors for extraction activities and non-CO2 fluxes are noted. Integrating high resolution activity data with mangrove typology maps is recommended to improve national greenhouse gas inventories for blue carbon ecosystems.
This document summarizes a study examining the implications of corn stover prices on land use changes, processing plant costs, and soil erosion. The key findings are:
1) Processing plants will increase corn stover prices to secure more biomass by exploiting both intensive and extensive margins of land within their service area.
2) Higher corn stover prices may paradoxically reduce soil erosion by encouraging conversion of land to continuous corn production with stover removal.
3) The use of cover crops to offset soil erosion may backfire by reducing conversion to continuous corn and increasing erosion from related land use changes.
This study examined how topography influences soil moisture and nitrogen availability across forest sites in Montana. Soil samples were collected monthly from sites varying in elevation, aspect, and microtopography. Results showed nitrogen levels were highest at higher elevations and in hollows, where deeper snowpack insulated soil for longer. Microtopography had a larger influence than elevation alone. Nitrogen availability in early 2015 was reflected in bud nitrogen levels in 2016, suggesting topography impacts seasonal nitrogen cycling and forest productivity over time. Ongoing work is investigating how trees utilize varying nitrogen availability.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of changing vegetation coverage and temperature on the monsoon pattern in the Indian Sundarban region. Satellite imagery from 2005-2012 was analyzed using NDVI to detect changes in vegetation coverage over time. Temperature data from the same period showed an increasing trend. Analysis of rainfall data found decreasing trends in both the number of rainy days and average monsoon rainfall. Statistical analysis revealed that decreasing vegetation coverage correlates with decreasing monsoon rainfall and rainy days, while increasing temperatures correlate with decreasing rainfall and rainy days. The study concludes that declining vegetation and rising temperatures are negatively impacting the monsoon pattern in the region.
Forest management and below-ground litter: Carbon dynamics of UK forest soilsMauro Lanfranchi
The UK has committed to a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050. Attainment of this goal will require that all sectors of British industry search for sensible and meaningful approaches to reducing emissions and improving net carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial bodies. Forests and woodlands are a key component of the global C cycle, and their effective management at global and regional scales is an important mechanism for reducing atmospheric GHG concentrations.
This document summarizes a project to synthesize soil carbon datasets across the United States and Mexico to better understand soil carbon dynamics. The project aims to (1) harmonize existing soil carbon datasets from various US and Mexican agencies, (2) develop synthesis approaches to scale the information, and (3) identify knowledge gaps. Over 100,000 soil samples from the US and 30,000 from Mexico were compiled. Digital soil mapping was used to predict soil organic carbon levels based on environmental factors. Preliminary results estimate soil carbon stocks of 29.3 petagrams for the top 30 cm of US soils and 14.2 petagrams for the top 20 cm of Mexican soils. The study represents a baseline estimate of regional soil carbon variability and
Pemerintah Indonesia berencana meningkatkan anggaran belanja untuk sektor pendidikan dan kesehatan pada tahun depan. Anggaran pendidikan akan naik 10% menjadi Rp500 triliun, sedangkan kesehatan naik 15% menjadi Rp250 triliun. Kenaikan anggaran ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan akses layanan dasar bagi masyarakat.
Erica Scales is an aspiring journalist who began learning at age 12. She has spent time at a radio station, volunteered at film festivals, and is involved in art and being creative. Her goals are to tell positive stories as a journalist in entertainment, build an audience, and promote and refer people to her website.
Are you interested in deriving loans despite having bad credit? At The Easy Loans, you have a chance to derive affordable financial solutions that can take care of your monetary needs. We have special deals on the loans and in order to know more, please visit: http://goo.gl/uISGOh
Tổ chức chạy roadshow hiện nay đã trở lên phổ biến và hiệu quả để chào mừng các sự kiện, ngày lễ như khai trương, khánh thành, hội chợ triển lãm, lễ Tết, quảng cáo …
Tổ chức chạy roadshow cũng là một trong những hình thức quảng cáo đem lại hiệu quả tối ưu khi công ty có sản phẩm mới muốn tung ra thị trường.
Transkripsi dan Transliterasi Serat Darmasonyabr3k3l3
Penulis : Bambang Sugiharto, Laela Nurhayati Dewi
Penerbit : Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Provinsi Jawa Tengah Museum Jawa Tengah Ranggawarsita
Tahun Terbit : 2009
The document outlines an IMC plan for Virgin Hotels Chicago that aims to increase use of entertainment venues by 10%, hotel stays by 10%, and social media activities by 15% through a campaign promising a unique experience unlike anywhere else, targeting locals aged 25+ and travelers aged 25+ using strategies like creative campaigns, social media content, and PR events.
This resume is for Junseo Lee, who is seeking a copilot position with Delta Airlines. He has a Bachelor's degree in Professional Pilot from Central Washington University, where he maintained a 3.4 GPA. His experience includes part-time assistance as an air-traffic controller in Incheon, Korea, where he assisted controllers and organized rooms. He also has tutoring experience.
Este documento discute os cinco principais sacrifícios do Antigo Testamento e seu significado em relação ao sacrifício de Jesus Cristo. O holocausto representava a entrega total a Deus e era o sacrifício mais importante. No entanto, os sacrifícios da antiga aliança eram imperfeitos porque aqueles que os ofereciam podiam não entregar totalmente a si mesmos. Ao contrário, Jesus ofereceu o sacrifício perfeito ao entregar Sua vida em obediência completa à vontade de Deus.
1. Las cisuras separan los lóbulos pulmonares y son visibles en radiografías si son paralelas al haz de rayos X. 2. La cisura mayor separa los lóbulos superiores e inferiores y solo es visible en proyecciones laterales. 3. Existen tres cisuras accesorias poco frecuentes que pueden separar segmentos pulmonares adicionales.
El documento describe el shunt pulmonar, que ocurre cuando la sangre pasa a través de alvéolos colapsados sin oxigenarse y se mezcla con la sangre arterial oxigenada, causando hipoxemia. Esto sucede comúnmente en edema pulmonar, neumonías y atelectasias. La gravedad de la hipoxemia depende del número de alvéolos afectados. Aunque el oxígeno suplementario no corrige la hipoxemia causada por el shunt, el uso de PEEP puede prevenir el colapso alveolar y
Pearce-Higgins et al. 2009. Distribution of breeding birds around upland wind...Ryan Wilson-Parr
1. The study examines how the distribution of breeding birds is affected around 12 upland wind farms in the UK. Bird surveys were conducted during breeding seasons to assess occurrence near wind farm infrastructure and in control areas.
2. Statistical analyses found 7 of 12 bird species had significantly lower occurrence near turbines after accounting for habitat. No species occurred more near turbines. Turbines were avoided more than access tracks, with no consistent avoidance of overhead power lines.
3. Avoidance of turbines was estimated to potentially reduce bird densities within 500 meters of turbines by 15-53% for certain species like buzzards and hen harriers. The results provide evidence that wind farms can significantly impact upland birds and strategic siting is needed.
This study evaluated the ability of the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) to predict sediment yields from grassland watersheds in different regions of Oklahoma and Texas. MUSLE uses runoff volume and peak flow rate in place of rainfall energy to calculate sediment yield. The study found that MUSLE generally provided accurate predictions of mean sediment yields and standard deviations when compared to field measurements, with regression slopes close to unity. Prediction accuracy was good across a wide range of land uses, conditions, and sediment yield amounts ranging from near zero to over 800 kg/ha/event. The results indicate MUSLE is a useful tool for predicting sediment yields from these grassland watersheds.
Peatnet - 2nd International Symposium Peatlands in the Global Carbon Cycle (2...Courtney Miller
The document examines the long-term effects of altered hydrology from ditching and road impacts on plant community structure in peatlands in Alberta, Canada. Preliminary results showed increased tree productivity in a ditched fen, consistent with other studies. Results from road-impacted sites were more complex, with one site showing increased afforestation and species richness in treatment plots while another showed few differences. Surface peat was drier in treatment plots across sites. Future work will investigate effects of peatland type, structure, and nutrient loading on ecosystem responses to altered hydrology.
1066_Avoiding ecological constraints in wind energy_revised draft_finalgenevieve hayes
This document discusses strategies for avoiding negative environmental impacts from wind farm development, particularly impacts to avian fauna. It recommends taking a strategic, landscape-scale approach to planning through tools like sensitivity mapping to identify suitable and unsuitable sites. It also stresses the importance of environmental impact assessments and collaboration between stakeholders to share data and increase biodiversity protections. Mitigation measures like turbine placement and shutdown protocols can help reduce impacts, but are not substitutes for early avoidance through siting. Post-construction monitoring is also key to evaluating effectiveness and informing future projects.
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
This document provides an analysis of the Platte River watershed located in Grant County, Wisconsin. It describes the watershed characteristics including land use, soils, precipitation trends, and stream geomorphology. Two sediment models are developed using factors like slope, soils, land use, and distance to streams to identify areas of high, medium, and low sediment runoff potential. The models are then compared to phosphorus export coefficients from another model called PRESTO to evaluate similarities between areas identified as high or low risk. The analysis finds the second sediment model more accurately identifies a small portion of the watershed as high risk, while the models show similarities for areas identified as low risk.
Soil organic carbon in soils of the northern permafrost zones: Information st...ExternalEvents
This document summarizes the status of quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) in northern permafrost zone soils. It discusses the challenges in measuring SOC in these regions due to unique cryogenic soil formation processes and variability. The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database was developed using over 1700 soil samples to estimate SOC to 1 meter depth, but does not include deeper estimates. Updated databases including over 500 deeper soil samples now provide SOC estimates to 3 meter depth. However, data remains limited relative to other global regions due to access challenges in remote Arctic areas.
This document evaluates the DNDC model's ability to predict nitrous oxide emissions from Irish agriculture by comparing modeled outputs to field measurements from a spring barley field and grazed pasture. For the barley field, modeled fluxes matched measured fluxes well for high fertilizer inputs but underestimated fluxes from low/zero fertilizer treatments. For the pasture, modeled fluxes overestimated emissions due to overestimating the effect of soil organic carbon. Sensitivity analysis found temperature to be the main determinant of emissions. The model predicted increases in emissions of 30-60% for the barley field and 20% for pasture by 2061-2090 due to climate change.
From global to regional scale: Remote sensing-based concepts and methods for ...Repository Ipb
The document discusses land cover mapping and change detection in tropical regions using remote sensing. It provides an overview of existing land cover classification systems and global and regional satellite-based mapping products. The paper compares different land cover maps for a test region in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, finding inconsistencies between products and uncertainty in estimates of land cover classes and changes between years. Future work on operational land cover mapping in the tropics needs further harmonization of definitions and products, regional validation, and a standardized multi-level classification workflow.
Climate change mitigation and agricultural development scenarios for the high plains of Eastern Colombia
Poster presented at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Mapping of Wood Carbon Stocks in the Classified Forest of Wari-Maro in Benin ...AI Publications
The Emissions Reducing program related to Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Redd +) calls for the development of approaches to quantify and spatialize forest carbon in order to design more appropriate forest management policies. The mapping of carbon stocks was done in the Wari-Maro Forest Reserve. To achieve this, forest inventory data (in situ) and remotely sensed data (Landsat 8 image) were used to construct a wood carbon stock forecasting model. Simple linear regression was used to test the correlation between these two variables. In situ surveys indicate that 64% of carbon stocks are contributed by forest formations, 32.72% are provided by savannah formations and 3.27% are from anthropogenic formations. The quantitative relationship between NDVI and carbon in situ shows a very good correlation with a high coefficient of determination R² = 91%. The carbon map generated from the model identified fronts of deforestation through their low carbon content. This remote sensing approach indicates that forest formations sequester 60% of forest carbon. The savannah formations reserve 33%, the anthropic formations bring only 6% of the stocks. Mapping has further captured the spatial variability among land use types, thus providing arguments to fully meet the objectives of Redd +.
forests Evolution in central Africa1990-2010PatrickTanz
This document summarizes a study on mapping and monitoring rainforests in Africa between 1990 and 2010. Key points:
1) A new wall-to-wall map of Africa's rainforests in 2005 was created using MODIS satellite data at 250m resolution, achieving 84% accuracy.
2) Deforestation rates were estimated between 1990-2000 and 2000-2010 using Landsat images for 285 systematic sample sites, finding higher rates in West Africa and Madagascar than the Congo Basin.
3) Analysis identified expanding agriculture and increasing fuelwood demands as primary drivers of deforestation in the Congo Basin, while controlled timber exploitation had little direct influence currently. Population concentrations and movements were also underlying causes
Hydrological responses to forest cover change in mountains under projected cl...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study quantified the hydrological responses to the forest cover change in the upper part of Sola River basin, Forest Creek catchment, southern Poland, under projected climatic conditions. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) will be applied to investigate the response of the hydrology regime to deforestation and reforestation processes. Under two emission scenarios (A1B and B1, IPCC) of the general circulation model GISS_E (NASA Goddard Institute) were employed to generate future possible climatic conditions. The detailed research was performed on a Forest Creek catchment during the 2002-2012.A key point is to assess both the rate of change in hydrological conditions after the collapse of the spruce stands and the time necessary to stabilize the water management after the afforestation. The results of elaborations show that deforestation process reduces the retention by 40% (10 years), in the same time water drainage from the catchment shortened by 47%.
Global Climate Change: Drought Assessment + ImpactsJenkins Macedo
This presentation outlined the purposes, methods, data analyses, results and conclusions of four selected articles in remotely sensed regional and global drought assessments and impacts for global environmental change. This presentation was developed and presented by Richard Maclean, doctoral student in Geography at Clark University and Jenkins Macedo, Master of Science candidate in Envrionmental Science and Policy at Clark University.
Estimation Of Soil Erosion In Andhale Watershed Using USLE And GISIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that used the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and GIS techniques to estimate soil erosion in the Andhale watershed region of India. The USLE model requires factor maps for rainfall erosivity, slope length and steepness, vegetation cover, soil erodibility, and erosion control. These factor maps were created using rainfall data, a digital elevation model, land use/land cover maps, and soil sample analysis. The factors were combined in the USLE model to produce a map of estimated average annual soil loss across the watershed, which ranged from 11.16 to 60.11 tons/ha/year. The study found areas of high erosion risk and concluded that maintaining vegetation cover
Protection of soil from the loss of organic carbon by taking into account ero...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Sergio Saia, from CREA – Italy, in FAO Hq, Rome
Prediction of Soil Total Nitrogen Content Using Spectraradiometer and GIS in ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study that used visible near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectroscopy and geographic information systems-kriging (GIS-Kriging) to predict total nitrogen content in soil samples from two locations in southern Iraq. Soil samples were collected and their total nitrogen content was measured using chemical analysis. The samples were then scanned using a spectroradiometer to obtain VNIR reflectance spectra. Partial least squares regression models showed strong correlations between reflectance in wavelength bands 500-600 nm and 800-1000 nm and total nitrogen content, with R2 values over 0.84 for calibration and validation sets. GIS-Kriging models performed poorly for prediction with Q2 values around 0.
The document summarizes trends in Arctic climate change observed through remote sensing data and ground observations. It discusses rising air and land surface temperatures, declining sea ice extent and thickness, and increasing vegetation growth and biomass in tundra regions, as indicated by trends in NDVI. Changes in the Arctic environment could have widespread effects on carbon storage, permafrost, hydrology, wildlife, and global climate through feedbacks.
1. The document analyzes changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in coastal counties in South Carolina between 1996 and 2006 using remote sensing data.
2. It finds increases in surface water cover, scrubland, and development likely due to rising sea levels and population growth, while forests and woody wetlands decreased.
3. More detailed long-term LULC studies are recommended to better understand trends and their environmental and economic impacts on the coastal region.
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