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Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms that have rigid cell walls, flagella, DNA in the form of a single circular chromosome, and lack a nucleus. They include all types of bacteria except archaebacteria. Eubacteria are classified into gram-positive and gram-negative types based on their cell wall composition and stain type. They reproduce through binary fission or budding and range in size from 0.2 to over 5 micrometers.
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Kingdom archaebacteria
Archaea are the oldest organisms on Earth. They are unicellular prokaryotes that lack organelles and belong to the kingdom Archaea. Archaea were first discovered in 1977 and can survive in extreme environments like volcanic vents or boiling mud. They differ from bacteria and eukaryotes in their cell structure and genes. The Archaea kingdom contains three main types: methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles.
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Monera was originally one of five kingdoms in biological classification and included prokaryotic organisms without nuclei. It was later divided into the domains of Archaea and Bacteria under modern taxonomy. Bacteria are the largest group of living organisms - they are microscopic, mostly single-celled, and lack organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bacteria come in different shapes like cocci, bacilli, and spirilla. Blue-green algae are sometimes included in bacteria and can be unicellular or form colonies/filaments, containing phycocyanin or phycoerythrin pigments.
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This document provides information about prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It discusses that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are that prokaryotes lack a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles, have circular DNA, and are smaller, while eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles, have multiple rod-shaped chromosomes, and are generally larger and more complex.
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Biodiversity
The document provides an overview of biodiversity and biology concepts including:
1) Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth.
2) Organisms are classified into 3 domains, 6 kingdoms, and further into phyla, classes etc. based on their characteristics and relationships.
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This document provides an overview of microbiology and the classification of microorganisms. It discusses viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and their structures. It describes different patterns of viral replication and diseases caused by various microbes. Key classification aspects are outlined for bacteria, fungi, protists and examples like Euglena and Plasmodium. The roles of microbes in symbiotic relationships and nitrogen cycling are also summarized.
Ls2 afet unit 1 microorganisms
This document provides an overview of microorganisms and their classification. It discusses viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and how they are classified. Key points include:
- Microorganisms are very small life forms that are studied in microbiology. They include viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists.
- Viruses consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein capsid, with some having an envelope. They replicate through lytic and lysogenic cycles.
- Bacteria are classified by shape and reproduction. They have important roles in industry, disease and ecology.
- Fungi absorb nutrients and can reproduce sexually or asexually. Examples include yeasts, molds and mushrooms.
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Kingdom archaebacteria
Archaea are the oldest organisms on Earth. They are unicellular prokaryotes that lack organelles and belong to the kingdom Archaea. Archaea were first discovered in 1977 and can survive in extreme environments like volcanic vents or boiling mud. They differ from bacteria and eukaryotes in their cell structure and genes. The Archaea kingdom contains three main types: methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles.
MONERAppt-1.pptx
Monera
Characters of Monera
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Archeobacteria
Eubacteria
Cyanobacteria
Actinomyces
Science kingdom of monera
Monera was originally one of five kingdoms in biological classification and included prokaryotic organisms without nuclei. It was later divided into the domains of Archaea and Bacteria under modern taxonomy. Bacteria are the largest group of living organisms - they are microscopic, mostly single-celled, and lack organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bacteria come in different shapes like cocci, bacilli, and spirilla. Blue-green algae are sometimes included in bacteria and can be unicellular or form colonies/filaments, containing phycocyanin or phycoerythrin pigments.
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This document provides information about prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It discusses that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are that prokaryotes lack a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles, have circular DNA, and are smaller, while eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles, have multiple rod-shaped chromosomes, and are generally larger and more complex.
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The document discusses biodiversity and classification of organisms. It describes the 7 characteristics of living organisms, the 2 types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), and the 3 domains and 6 kingdoms used to classify all organisms. The 6 kingdoms are: Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Key differences between domains and kingdoms are summarized.
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The document provides an overview of biodiversity and biology concepts including:
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2) Organisms are classified into 3 domains, 6 kingdoms, and further into phyla, classes etc. based on their characteristics and relationships.
3) The domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Eukarya includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
4) Key characteristics distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as the domains and kingdoms.
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This document provides an overview of microbiology and the classification of microorganisms. It discusses viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and their structures. It describes different patterns of viral replication and diseases caused by various microbes. Key classification aspects are outlined for bacteria, fungi, protists and examples like Euglena and Plasmodium. The roles of microbes in symbiotic relationships and nitrogen cycling are also summarized.
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This document provides an overview of microorganisms and their classification. It discusses viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and how they are classified. Key points include:
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- Viruses consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein capsid, with some having an envelope. They replicate through lytic and lysogenic cycles.
- Bacteria are classified by shape and reproduction. They have important roles in industry, disease and ecology.
- Fungi absorb nutrients and can reproduce sexually or asexually. Examples include yeasts, molds and mushrooms.
microorganisms
This document provides an overview of microorganisms and their classification. It discusses viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and how they are classified. Key points include:
- Microorganisms are very small life forms that are studied in microbiology. They include viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists.
- Viruses consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein capsid, with some having an envelope. They replicate through lytic and lysogenic cycles.
- Bacteria are classified by shape and reproduction. They have important roles in industry, disease and ecology.
- Fungi absorb nutrients and can reproduce sexually or asexually. Examples include yeasts, molds and mushrooms.
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This document provides an overview of microorganisms and their classification. It discusses viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and how they are classified. Key points include:
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Bacteria 19 1
Archaebacteria differ from eubacteria in that they lack peptidoglycan and have different membrane lipids, and their DNA sequences are more similar to eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are identified by characteristics like shape, cell wall composition, motility, and how they obtain energy. Bacteria play vital roles in ecosystems as producers through photosynthesis, decomposers that break down dead matter and nutrients, and have many human uses.
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Here are the answers to the assessment questions:
1. The major difference between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria is that Archaebacteria cell walls don't contain peptidoglycan while those of Eubacteria do.
2. The 3 major phyla of the Eubacteria kingdom are: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria.
3. The 3 possible shapes of eubacteria are: rod-shaped, spherical or oval, and spiral or comma-shaped.
4. The shape of the eubacteria Actinomycetales is branching filaments.
5. Fungi reproduce by spores while eubacteria reproduce by binary fission.
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Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that are the oldest and most abundant organisms on Earth. They are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells as they lack membrane-bound organelles and nuclei. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, and can live in nearly every habitat on Earth including some of the most extreme environments. They play important roles in ecosystems as producers, consumers, and decomposers.
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This document provides an overview of microorganisms and their classification. It discusses viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and how they are classified. Key points include:
- Microorganisms are very small life forms that are studied in microbiology. They include viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists.
- Viruses consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein capsid, with some having an envelope. They replicate through lytic and lysogenic cycles.
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This document provides an overview of microbiology and microbial nutrition and growth. It defines microbiology as the study of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa and viruses. It describes how microbes play important roles in various environments and human life. It then discusses the major groups of microorganisms and their characteristics. Finally, it covers microbial nutrition, growth conditions and factors that influence growth.
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Archaebacteria differ from eubacteria in that they lack peptidoglycan and have different membrane lipids, and their DNA sequences are more similar to eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are identified by characteristics like shape, cell wall composition, motility, and how they obtain energy. Bacteria play vital roles in ecosystems as producers through photosynthesis, decomposers that break down dead matter and nutrients, and have many human uses.
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Here are the answers to the assessment questions:
1. The major difference between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria is that Archaebacteria cell walls don't contain peptidoglycan while those of Eubacteria do.
2. The 3 major phyla of the Eubacteria kingdom are: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria.
3. The 3 possible shapes of eubacteria are: rod-shaped, spherical or oval, and spiral or comma-shaped.
4. The shape of the eubacteria Actinomycetales is branching filaments.
5. Fungi reproduce by spores while eubacteria reproduce by binary fission.
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The document summarizes R.H. Whittaker's five kingdom classification system which divides organisms into five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It describes the key features of each kingdom, including that Monera contains prokaryotes like bacteria, Protista contains unicellular eukaryotes, Fungi contains multicellular organisms like mushrooms that reproduce via spores, Plantae contains photosynthetic eukaryotes, and Animalia contains multicellular heterotrophs. The five kingdom system improved upon earlier two kingdom classifications by accounting for important differences in cell structure, nutrition, and other traits.
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Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that are the oldest and most abundant organisms on Earth. They are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells as they lack membrane-bound organelles and nuclei. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, and can live in nearly every habitat on Earth including some of the most extreme environments. They play important roles in ecosystems as producers, consumers, and decomposers.
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Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that are the oldest and most abundant organisms on Earth. They are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells as they lack membrane-bound organelles and nuclei. Prokaryotes can be classified as either archaebacteria or eubacteria and they inhabit nearly every environment on Earth, including some extreme environments inhospitable to other lifeforms. They play important roles in ecosystems as producers, consumers, decomposers, and some are parasites.
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This document discusses the classification of living organisms into a hierarchy of taxonomic groups. It explains that classifying organisms based on their similarities makes studying them more manageable. The key characteristics used for classification include whether cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, whether organisms produce their own food, and whether they have cell walls. The five kingdom system of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia is described, along with characteristics of organisms in each kingdom.
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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- 1. EUBACTERIA
- 2. Eubacteria is a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls, flagella, DNA (single circular chromosome), and a single cell lacking a nucleus. All types of bacteria are included (Gram’s positive and negative) under the eubacteria except for archaebacteria. They are single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms, also known as true bacteria. They consist of a range of characteristics and are present in various conditions throughout the world. All living organisms are classified into three domains of life: Domain Archeae, Domain Eukaryota, and Domain Eubacteria. Eubacteria are a complex domain of the kingdom Monera.
- 4. THEY ARE UNICELLULAR, PROKARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS; HOWEVER, SOME BACTERIAL COLONIES ARE FOUND IN FILAMENTS OR AGGREGATES IN THE FORM OF SURFACE BIOFILM.
- 5. THEY HAVE FLAGELLA, WHICH HELPS IN LOCOMOTION.
- 6. EUBACTERIA REPRODUCE BY BINARY FISSION OR BY BUDDING.
- 7. SOME OF THE EUBACTERIA HAVE PILLI (SMALL APPENDAGES ON THE CELL’S SURFACE, THE FUNCTION OF PILLI IS TO HELP IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION).
- 8. THE CELL WALL IS MADE UP OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN (MUREIN) IN A CROSS- LINKED CHAIN PATTERN.
- 9. A CHROMOSOME IS SINGLE AND CIRCULAR, BUT SOME BACTERIA HAVE TWO CHROMOSOMES (LIKE VIBRIO CHOLERA), WHILE OTHER SPECIES HAVE A LINEAR CHROMOSOME, AND NUCLEOSOMES MAY BE PRESENT.
- 11. THE SIZE OF THE BACTERIA RANGES FROM 0.2 TO GREATER THAN 5 MICROMETERS.
- 12. THEIR CELLS CONSIST OF LIPIDS, CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEIN, AND NUCLEIC ACID.
- 13. DEPENDING UPON THE PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN THE CELL WALL AND THE GRAM STAIN THEY TAKE, EUBACTERIA ARE CLASSIFIED AS GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE.
- 14. THE PLASMA MEMBRANE CONTAINS CYTOSOL (FLUID), WHICH IS PRIMARILY COMPOSED OF WATER (80%), BUT IT HAS A GEL-LIKE CONSISTENCY DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS, DNA, CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS DNA, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.
- 15. THEY HAVE 70S-TYPE RIBOSOMES AS ORGANELLES COMPOSED OF RNA AND PROTEIN THAT COMPLETE THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION.
- 16. THE SHAPE OF THE EUBACTERIA IS DIFFERENT SUCH AS COCCI, BACILLI, RODS, VIBRIO, FILAMENT, OR SPIROCHETES.
- 19. THEY CAN PRODUCE SPORES TO REMAIN DORMANT IN UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS AND MAY CAUSE SERIOUS DISEASES.