uttaradhikar-3

1
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Contents

2 2
b~i“j Bmjvg
cÖKvkK
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30 (wÎk) UvKv gvÎ
ISLAME NARIR UTTARADHIKAR
ISLAME NARIR UTTARADHIKAR Written by Nurul Islam. 1st
edition : March 2015. Published by Shamolbangla Academy,
Rajshahi. Fixed Price : Tk. 30 (Thirty) & US $ 1 Only.
Contents

3
m~wPcÎ
f~wgKv 4
Bmjv‡g bvixi DËivwaKvi 5-19
Bû`x a‡g© bvixi DËivwaKvi 5
wLª÷vb a‡g© bvixi DËivwaKvi 6
Rv‡njx hy‡M bvixi DËivwaKvi 7
Bmjv‡g bvixi DËivwaKvi 10
divmx DËivwaKvi AvBb 13
weªwUk DËivwaKvi AvBb 13
cyi“l‡K bvixi wØ¸Y m¤ú` cÖ`vb Kivi Zvrch© 14
gxivQ eÈ‡b Kg-†ekx Kivi cwiYwZ 19
cvðv‡Z¨ Aeva bvix ¯^vaxbZvi Kzdj 20-41
Av‡gwiKvi Ki“Y Ae¯’v 22
Bsj¨v‡Ûi bMœ Aeqe 24
d«v‡Ýi wPÎ 26
†Wbgv‡K©i bvix‡`i AvZ©bv` 27
Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki nvj-nwKKZ 28
cvðv‡Z¨i D‡ØM-DrKÉv 28
BmjvgB GKgvÎ weKí 33
GKRb Av‡gwiKvb bIgymwj‡gi Av‡¶c 33
cÖMwZi †mªv‡Z fvmgvb bvix 34
†fvMev`x `k©b, bv Bmjvgx `k©b 35
KziAvwbK weavb cwieZ©‡bi †bc‡_¨ 36
GK Rv‡n‡ji Ace¨vL¨v 40
Dcmsnvi 42
cwiwkó-1 : Bmjv‡g bvix wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡ 45
cwiwkó-2 : mgv‡R †hŠZz‡Ki KzcÖfve 70
Contents

4 4

f~wgKv
Bmjvg GKwU c~Y©v½ Rxeb eë¯’v| G‡Z i‡q‡Q Rxe‡bi mKj w`K I
wefv‡Mi my¯úó weavb| †Kvb hyM I Kv‡j †m weavb APj I AKvh©Ki
bq| A_P hyM-Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b Bmjv‡gi weavb‡K APj cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨
Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× bvbvfv‡e we‡lv`Mvi Kiv n‡”Q| we‡kl K‡i
DËivwaKvi m¤úwË‡Z cyi“l‡K bvixi wØ¸Y m¤ú` cÖ`vb Kivi welqwU
wb‡q Bmjvg we‡Ølx gnj I Zv‡ì be¨ wkl¨ Z_vKw_Z mykxj mgvR
(?), GbwRI I bvixi mgAwaKvi cÖwZôvi †mvj G‡R›Uiv ej‡Q, Bmjvg
cyi“l‡K bvixi wØ¸Y m¤ú` cÖ`vb K‡i Zvi cÖwZ g¯—eo hyjyg K‡i‡Q| †h
Bmjvg AwaKviewÂZ wbh©vwZZ-wbcxwoZ bvix RvwZi ÎvZviƒ‡c Avwef©~Z
n‡q Zv‡K jvÃbvi AZj MnŸi †_‡K †U‡b Zz‡j G‡b gh©v`vi ivRc‡_
†cuŠwQ‡q w`‡q‡Q, DËivwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ bvix‡K RM‡Zi BwZnv‡m
cÖ_gev‡ii gZ DËivwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q, Zvi wei“‡×B bvixi AwaKvi
ni‡Yi wbj©¾ Acev`! wKš‘ G‡¶‡Î mwZ¨B wK Bmjvg bvixi cÖwZ hyjyg
K‡i‡Q? G cÖ‡kœi DËi †LuvRvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q G cy¯—‡K| mv‡_ mv‡_
cyi“l‡K bvixi wØ¸Y m¤ú` cÖ`vb Kivi Zvrch© I `vk©wbK e¨vL¨v, bvixi
mgAwaKvi cÖwZôvq D”PKÉ cvðv‡Z¨ Aeva bvix ¯^vaxbZvi wb®‹i“Y wPÎ,
bvixi mgAwaKvi cÖwZôvi bv‡g KziAvwbK weavb cwieZ©‡bi †bc_¨
KviY, Bmjv‡g bvix wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡, mgv‡R †hŠZz‡Ki KzcÖfve cÖf„wZ
wel‡q G cy¯—‡K Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Av‡jvP¨ cy¯—KwU g~jZ K‡qKwU cÖe‡Üi cwigvwR©Z I cwiewa©Z iƒc|
BwZc~‡e© gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK (GwcÖjÕ08, c„t 19-23; †gÕ08, c„t 13-
16; RybÕ08, c„t 6-14) I ˆ`wbK BbwKjv‡e (5B RybÕ08, c„t 15;
19†k RybÕ08, c„t 15) G cÖeÜ¸‡jv cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|
Avkv Kwi cy¯—KwU Avgv‡ì g‡b Dw`Z A‡bK cÖ‡kœi Reve cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
Avj−vn Avgv‡ì G ¶z`ª cÖ‡PóvUzKz Keyj Ki“b! Avgxb!!
-webxZ †jLK
bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx
20†k gvP© 2015 wLªt
Contents

5
Bû`x a‡g© bvixi DËivwaKvi :
Bû`x a‡g©i DËivwaKvi AvB‡b †KejgvÎ g„Z e¨w³i wcZv, cyÎ,
fvB I PvPv IqvwiQ n‡Z cv‡i| g„Z e¨w³i gv, Kb¨v, †evb, ¯¿x hvB
†nvK bv †Kb G a‡g© bvix IqvwiQ n‡Z cv‡i bv| wb‡gœ G m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nj-
cyÎ : wcZv g„ZzëiY Ki‡j Zvi GKgvÎ IqvwiQ n‡e cyÎ| G ag©
g‡Z †R¨ô cy‡Îi Ask Ab¨ cyÎ‡ì Zzjbvq wØ¸Y n‡e| Z‡e cyÎiv
hw` mgeÈ‡bi e¨vcv‡i m¤§Z nq, Zvn‡j Giƒc eÈbI mwVK n‡e|
Kb¨v : hw` g„Z e¨w³i IqvwiQ‡ì g‡a¨ Kb¨v _v‡K Zvn‡j
mvevwjKv nIqv ch©š— †m ïay fiY-†cvl‡Yi nK`vi n‡e| weev‡ni
mgq wcZvi mnvq-m¤úwË n‡Z †m ïaygvÎ weev‡ni LiPUyKz cv‡e|
A_P Bmjvg cy‡Îi Dcw¯’wZ‡ZB Kb¨v‡K ÔKb¨vi wØ¸Y cyÎ cv‡eÕ
)

( Gi Aax‡b gxivQ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| hw` Kb¨v
GKvB nq Zvn‡j †m A‡a©K m¤úwËi IqvwiQ n‡e| Gfv‡e Bmjvg
bvixi DËivwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i GK Abb¨ `„óvš— ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q|
gv : hw` †Kvb gwnjvi cyÎ ev Kb¨v g„ZzëiY K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡ì gv
wbR mš—vb‡ì m¤úwËi IqvwiQ n‡Z cvi‡e bv| eis g„‡Zi cyÎ
m¤úwËi IqvwiQ n‡e| mš—vb-mš—wZ bv _vK‡j g„‡Zi wcZv IqvwiQ
n‡e| wcZv bv _vK‡j g„‡Zi cÖK…Z fvB H m¤úwËi IqvwiQ n‡e|
Kw¯§bKv‡jI g„‡Zi gv IqvwiQ n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
c¶vš—‡i Bmjvg a‡g© gv wbR mš—v‡bi m¤úwË‡Z KL‡bv
3
1
Ask
Avevi KL‡bv
6
1
Ask gxivQ cvb| KL‡bv gxivQ †_‡K ewÂZ n‡e
bv|
¯¿x : hw` ¯^vgx ¯¿xi Av‡M gviv hvq Zvn‡j ¯¿x g„Z ¯^vgxi †i‡L
hvIqv m¤úwËi IqvwiQ n‡Z cvi‡e bv| wKš‘ ¯^vgxi Av‡M ¯¿x gviv
Contents

6 6
†M‡j ¯^vgx ¯¿xi mKj mnvq-m¤úwËi GK”QÎ IqvwiQ n‡e| ¯¿xi
†Kvb mš—vbI Zvi IqvwiQ n‡Z cvi‡e bv| wKš‘ Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z
¯^vgx-¯¿x ci¯ú‡ii IqvwiQ n‡Z cv‡i|
RviR mš—vb : Bû`x DËivwaKvi AvBb g‡Z RviR mš—vb ¯^xq
wcZv-gvZvi êa IqvwiQ n‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î Zvi gh©v`v Zv‡ì
cÖK…Z cy‡Îi g‡ZvB| hw` RviR mš—vb Zv‡ì cÖ_g mš—vb nq,
Zvn‡j †m Ab¨ êa cyÎ‡ì †P‡q wØ¸Y cv‡e| wKš‘ Bmjvgx
kixÔAv‡Z RviR mš—vb ïaygvÎ gv‡qi m¤úwËiB IqvwiQ n‡Z
cv‡i|
Bû`x DËivwaKvi AvBb g‡Z hw` †Kvb g„Z e¨w³i †Kvb IqvwiQ
A_©vr wcZv, `v`v, cyÎ, fvB, PvPv cÖgyL †KD bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi
m¤úwËi IqvwiQ n‡e H e¨w³, †h cÖ_‡g †mB m¤ú` `Lj Ki‡Z
cvi‡e| wZb eQi ch©š— †mUv Zvi wbKU AvgvbZ(!) wnmv‡e
_vK‡e| hw` 3 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvb IqvwiQ †ei bv nq Zvn‡j
`Lj`vi mgy`q m¤úwËi gvwjK n‡e|1
A‡bï m¤ú` jyU Kivi Kx PgrKvi Bû`x bxwZ!
wLª÷vb a‡g© bvixi DËivwaKvi :
cÖPwjZ BÄx‡j DËivwaKvi m¤úwK©Z †Kvb wewa-weavb †bB| wLª÷vb
a‡g©i †cvc-cv`ªxiv Bû`x I †ivgvb DËivwaKvi AvBb AbymiY
K‡ib| Ab¨vb¨ ag© †_‡KI Zviv G msµvš— wbqg-bxwZ MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| †hgb eZ©gv‡b RW©v‡bi wLª÷vbiv Bmjvg a‡g©i
DËivwaKvi AvBb †g‡b P‡j|2
RW©v‡bi wLª÷vb cwÊZ W. myjvBgvb gvK©m Zuvi MÖ‡š’ Cmv (Avt)
m¤ú‡K© GKwU NUbv eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q wj‡L‡Qb, GK e¨w³ Cmv
(Avt)-Gi wbKU Av‡e`b Kij, Avcwb Avgvi fvB‡K e‡j w`b †m
†hb Avgv‡ì wcZvi m¤úwËi A‡a©K Avgv‡K w`‡q †`q| DË‡i Cmv
1. QvjvûÏxb nvq`vi jvLfx, Bmjvg Kv Kvb~‡b IqvivQvZ (jv‡nvi : `vi“j
BejvM, RyjvB 2014 wLªt), c„t 31-32|
2. H, c„t 34|
Contents

7
(Avt) e‡jwQ‡jb, Avgv‡K †KD m¤ú` eÈbKvix wePviK wnmv‡e
†cÖiY K‡iwb|3
gvËvi BÄx‡j D‡j−wLZ n‡q‡Q †h, ÔAvcbv‡ì †Kvb åg †hb bv nq
†h, Avwg †Kb †cÖwiZ n‡qwQ| Avwg g~mv (Avt)-Gi wbqg-bxwZ‡K
iwnZ Kivi Rb¨ Avwmwb| eis Avwg †m¸‡jv‡K c~Y© Kivi Rb¨
G‡mwQ| hv‡Z Hme weavb‡K mZ¨ cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvwi| Avi GB
MÖ‡š’i (ZvIivZ) wewa-weavb ZZ¶Y ch©š— ejer _vK‡e, hZ¶Y
Zvi D‡Ïk¨ c~iY bv nqÕ|4
Dc‡iv³ weeiY †_‡KI cÖgvwYZ n‡”Q †h, wLª÷vb a‡g© †Kvb bvix
IqvwiQ n‡Z cv‡i bv| cyÎB mKj m¤úwËi IqvwiQ nq|
Rv‡njx hy‡M bvixi DËivwaKvi :
Rv‡njx hy‡M bvix‡ì †Kvb mvgvwRK gh©v`v wQj bv| PZz®ú` Rš‘ ev
†fvM¨c‡Yï b¨vq Zv‡ì‡K DËivwaKvi m¤ú` iƒ‡c MY¨ Kiv nZ|
GgbwK cyi“l‡ì Rb¨ Ggb wKQz Lvevi wbw`©ó wQj, hv bvix‡ì
Rb¨ wQj wbwl×|5
†m mgq Kb¨v mš—vb Rb¥MÖnY Kiv‡K
AegvbbvKi g‡b Kiv nZ Ges Zv‡K Rxeš— Kei †`qv nZ| gnvb
Avj−vn e‡jb,
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gyLgÊj Kv‡jv n‡q hvq Ges †m Amnbxq gb¯—v‡c wK¬ó nq| Zv‡K
†h msev` †`qv nq, Zvi M−vwb †nZz †m wbR m¤cÖ`vq n‡Z AvZ¥‡Mvcb
3. H; gv`Lvjyj Dj~g Avj-Kvb~wbq¨vn, c„t 238|
4. gvËv, Aby‡”Q 5, AvqvZ 17-18|
5. wbmv 19; AvbÔAvg 138-39; Aveyj nvmvb bv`fx, Avm-mxivZzb
bvevweBqvn (†RÏv : `vi“k ïiƒK, 1984 wLªt), c„t 32; AveŸvm gvng~`
Avj-Av°v`, AveKvwiq¨vZz gynv¤§v` (Kvq‡iv : `vi“ bvnhvwZ wgmi, 2002
wLªt), c„t 121|
Contents

8 8
K‡i| †m wPš—v K‡i nxbZv m‡Ë¡I †m Zv‡K †i‡L w`‡e, bv gvwU‡Z
cyu‡Z w`‡eÕ (bvnj 58-59)| Ab¨Î Bikv` n‡q‡Q,
F(G
C# 34
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J ?K3
. ÔhLb Rxeš— mgvwa¯’ Kb¨v‡K wR‡Ám Kiv
n‡e, Kx Aciv‡a Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQjÕ (ZvKfxi 8-9)|
ïay ZvB bq, Rv‡njx hy‡M bvixiv gxivQ jvf †_‡K ewÂZ nZ|
Bgvg KziZzex (int) e‡jb, L C.M @#N7#9L O%.P Q #.
@##D9 R 3 @. @4 STU
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7#W*, -WA X.J L4 -YZ9
OW MT [.W R. :7.] R^. A._ R`
. ÔRv‡njx
hy‡Mi †jv‡Kiv bvix I wkï‡ì‡K DËivwaKvix KiZ bv| GgbwK
wkï cyÎmš—vb n‡jI| Zviv ejZ, gxivQ †Kej Zv‡KB †Ìqv n‡e
†h Ak¦c„‡ô Av‡ivnY K‡i hy× K‡i, ek©v Øviv AvNvZ K‡i, Zievix
Øviv hy× K‡i Ges MbxgZ jvf K‡iÕ|6
AvaywbK gydvmwmi kvqL Avãyi ingvb web bvwQi Avm-mvÔ`x (int)
e‡jb, RO%.P Q :Z @.
@#N7#9 L Ra#J ab+
cd RC.9#Jd e.+ f Sg @#Zh R@.iU C.M. RC.jZk
5
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. ÔRv‡njx hy‡Mi
Avieiv Zv‡ì kw³gËv I wb`©qZvi Kvi‡Y `ye©j‡ì‡K
DËivwaKvix KiZ bv| †hgb bvix I wkï| Zviv exi cyi“l‡ì Rb¨
gxivQ wba©viY KiZ| KviY Zv‡ì aviYv Abyhvqx cyi“livB hy×-
weMÖn Ges jyÉb Kivi †hvM¨Õ|7
†gvÏvK_v, Rv‡njx hy‡M DËivwaKvi
jv‡fi gvb`Ê wQj †cŠi“l I kw³-mvg_©¨|
6. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex (êiƒZ : `vi“j KzZze Avj-BjwgBqvn, 1993 wLªt), 5g
LÊ, c„t 31|
7. Avãyi ingvb web bvwQi Avm-mvÔ`x, Zvqmxi“j Kvixwgi ingvb dx
Zvdmxwi Kvjvwgj gvbœvb (êiƒZ : gyIqvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 1423
wnt/2002 wLªt), c„t 165, wbmv 7 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v `ª.|
Contents

9
Rv‡njx hy‡M DËivwaKvi jv‡fi wZbwU gva¨g wQj| 1. AvZ¥xqZvi
m¤úK© )
OD KM
( 2. cvjKcyÎ nIqv )
ni8
( I 3. Pzw³
)
m
( |8
1. AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© :
Rv‡njx hy‡M AvZ¥xqZvi m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z gxivQ jvf Kiv †hZ|
wKš‘ eskxq I AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© _vKvi c‡iI gv, Kb¨v, †evb, wkï
I e„×iv g„‡Zi cwiZ¨³ m¤úwË †_‡K ewÂZ nZ| KviY G‡ì
g‡a¨ kÎ“‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kivi kw³-mvg_©¨ wQj bv Ges Zviv
†Kvbfv‡eB ¯^xq †Mv‡Îi cÖwZi¶vq Kv‡R jvMZ bv| hyeK I
exi‡hv×vivB †Kej g„‡Zi IqvwiQ nZ| Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK hyM
ch©š— G wbqgB ejer wQj| AZtci m~iv wbmvi 11bs AvqvZ
bvwh‡ji gva¨‡g Gi Aemvb N‡U|
2. cvjKcyÎ nIqv :
Rv‡njx Avie‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bï cyÎ‡K wb‡Ri cyÎ wnmv‡e MÖnY Kivi
ixwZ cÖPwjZ wQj| cvjKcyÎ cvjK wcZvi w`‡KB m¤úwK©Z nZ
Ges Zvi m¯úwËi IqvwiQ nZ| Bgvg KziZzex (int) e‡jb, @.
R)Wj o4 ) ] ), p/+ + )iqA0 34 O%.P Q +
e.D )4 KM9 @. R)NS p(L0 KU ) Z+
:
@rW W @r
. ÔRv‡njx hy‡M Kv‡iv `„pZv I eyw×gËv hLb †Kvb
e¨w³‡K gy» KiZ, ZLb †m Zv‡K wb‡Ri w`‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i wbZ
(cvjKcyÎ evwb‡q wbZ) Ges Zvi gxivQ †_‡K Zvi cyÎ mš—vb‡ì
g‡Zv Zvi (cvjKcyÎ) Rb¨ gxivQ wba©viY KiZ| Avi Zv‡K Zvi
w`‡K m¤úwK©Z K‡i ejv nZ, Agy‡Ki †Q‡j AgyK|9
†hgb
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) beyAZ jv‡fi c~‡e© hv‡q` web nv‡iQv‡K Avhv`
8. Bmjvg Kv Kvb~‡b IqvivQvZ, c„t 35-37|
9. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 14/80, Avnhve 5 bs Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi `ª.|
Contents

10 10
K‡i wb‡Ri cyÎ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡ib| Zv‡K hv‡q` web gynv¤§v` bv‡g
WvKv nZ|10
Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK w`b¸‡jv‡Z G ixwZ we`¨gvb wQj|
AZtci m~iv Avnhv‡ei 4 I 5 bs AvqvZ AeZxY© K‡i G weavb
gvbm~L ev iwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|11
3. Pzw³ :
Rv‡njx hy‡M Pzw³i gva¨‡g GKRb Ab¨R‡bi IqvwiQ nZ| Zviv
Pzw³i mgq ejZ, s KYX RtN70 uNX Rt/% -/% t( -(
t K_0
. ÔAvgvi i³ †Zvgvi i³ Ges Avgvi g„Zy¨ †Zvgvi g„Zzï
g‡Zv| Zzwg Avgvi IqvwiQ n‡e Ges Avwg †Zvgvi IqvwiQ ne|
Zzwg Avgvi (m¤ú‡ì) cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡e Ges Avwg †Zvgvi (m¤ú‡ì)
cÖZ¨vkv KieÕ|12
Pzw³ m¤úbœ nIqvi ci GKR‡bi g„Zz¨ n‡j Ab¨Rb Zvi m¤úwËi
6
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Ask gxivQ jvf KiZ| cieZ©x‡Z m~iv Avbdv‡ji 75 bs
AvqvZ )
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( AeZxY©
nIqvi ci Pzw³i gva¨‡g IqvwiQ nIqvi weavb iwnZ n‡q †M‡Q|13
Bmjv‡g bvixi DËivwaKvi :
Bmjv‡gi m~h© Dw`Z nevi mv‡_ mv‡_ hveZxq hyjyg-wbh©vZb I
Ab¨vq-AwePv‡ii we`vq NÈv †e‡R DVj| †h bvix‡K Zvi b¨vh¨
cÖvc¨ DËivwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv n‡qwQj, Bmjvg bvixi cÖwZ K…Z
†mB hyjy‡gi Aemvb NwU‡q Zv‡K RM‡Zi BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii gZ
Zvi Rb¨ gxiv‡Qi Askx`vi wba©viY K‡i eRªwb‡N©vl K‡É †NvlYv
w`j- . 1
!
KU Cx1
M @#$
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!
KU e.+1

10. Zvdmxi Be‡b KvQxi 6/172-173|
11. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 14/79-80|
12. Bmjvg Kv Kvb~‡b IqvivQvZ, c„t 37|
13. Zvdmxi Be‡b KvQxi 4/58|
Contents

11
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. ÔwcZv-gvZv
Ges AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi cwiZ¨³ m¤úwË‡Z cyi“‡li Ask Av‡Q Ges
wcZv-gvZv I AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi cwiZ¨³ m¤úwË‡Z bvixiI Ask
Av‡Q, Zv AíB †nŠK ev †ekxB †nŠK, GK wba©vwiZ AskÕ (wbmv 7)|
D³ AvqvZ m¤ú‡K© mvBwq` KzZze e‡jb, ÔGwUB n‡”Q mvaviY
g~jbxwZ, hvi gva¨‡g Bmjvg g~jbxwZi w`K †_‡K †PŠÏk eQi c~‡e©
cyi“‡li b¨vq bvix‡K DËivwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e Gi
gva¨‡g wkï‡ì AwaKvi msi¶Y K‡i‡Q| Rv‡njx hy‡Mi †jv‡Kiv
hv‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi KiZ Ges hv‡ì nK webó KiZ| KviY
Rv‡njx hy‡Mi †jv‡Kiv e¨w³i w`‡K hy× I Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î Zv‡ì
Kg©¶gZvi g~j¨gv‡bi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`LZ| wKš‘ Bmjvg Avj−vn
cÖ`Ë g~jbxwZi gva¨‡g gvby‡li w`‡K cÖ_gZ Zvi gvbweK
g~j¨gv‡bi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`‡L| Avi GwU H †gŠwjK g~j¨gvb hv
†Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Zvi †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡e bv| AZtci Bmjvg gvby‡li
w`‡K cwievi I mgv‡Ri cwigÊ‡j Zvi ev¯—e `vwqZ¡-KZ©‡eï
`„wó‡Kv‡Y †`‡LÕ|14
Ab¨Î gnvb Avj−vn bvix‡ì gxivQ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,
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Kb¨vi As‡ki mgvb, wKš‘ †Kej Kb¨v `yB-Gi AwaK _vK‡j Zv‡ì
Rb¨ cwiZ¨³ m¤úwËi `yB-Z…Zxqvsk, Avi Kb¨v gvÎ GKRb _vK‡j
Zv‡ì Rb¨ Aa©vsk...Õ (wbmv 11)|
D³ Avqv‡Zi kv‡b byh~j m¤ú‡K© A‡bK NUbv ewY©Z Av‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ GKwU NUbv n‡”Q-
14. mvBwq` KzZze, dx whjvwjj KziAvb (†RÏv : `vi“j Bjg, 1986), 1g LÊ,
c„t 581-82|
Contents

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ÔmvÔ` web ivexÔ (ivt)-Gi ¯¿x GK`v mvÔ‡ì JilRvZ `yB †g‡q‡K
mv‡_ wb‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡Q G‡m ejj, †n Avj−vni ivm~j!
Giv `yÕRb mvÔ` web ivex Gi †g‡q| Zv‡ì evev mvÔ` Avcbvi
mv‡_ Iû` hy‡× knx` n‡q‡Qb| Zv‡ì PvPv Zv‡ì m¤ú` AvZ¥mvr
K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì Rb¨ wKQzB iv‡Lwb| A_© Qvov Zv‡ì we‡q
†ÌqvI hv‡e bv| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i Avj−vn ivq
w`‡eb| Gici DËivwaKvi msµvš— AvqvZ bvwhj nj ÔAvj−vn
†Zvgv‡ì mš—vb m¤^‡Ü wb‡`©k w`‡”Qb, GK cy‡Îi Ask `yB Kb¨vi
As‡ki mgvb...Õ| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ZLb Zv‡ì PvPv‡K G wb‡`©k
cvVv‡jb †h, ÔmvÔ‡ì †g‡q‡ì‡K `yB-Z…Zxqvsk I Zv‡ì gv‡K
GK-Aógvsk `vI Avi hv Aewkó _vK‡e Zv †Zvgvi Rb¨Õ|15
m~iv wbmvi 11 bs Avqv‡Zi †cÖw¶‡Z bvixi mgAwaKvi (?) cÖwZôvq
†mv”Pvi Z_vKw_Z bvixev`x msMVb, bvix †bÎx, mykxj mgv‡Ri
e³e¨ n‡”Q- Bmjvg bvixi †P‡q cyi“l‡K wØ¸Y m¤ú` cÖ`vb K‡i
bvixi cÖwZ hyjyg K‡i‡Q| A_P KziAvb gvRx‡` g„Z e¨w³i gxivQ
jvfKvix‡ì 6wU wba©vwiZ Ask ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| h_v 1
/2, 1
/4, 1
/8,
2
/3, 1
/3 Ges 1
/6 Ask (wbmv 11-12, 176)| G Ask¸‡jv jvfKvix 12
R‡bi g‡a¨ cyi“‡li msL¨v 4 Ges bvixi msL¨v 8 Rb|16
15. wZiwghx nv/2092, mb` nvmvb; Avey`vE` nv/2891, mb` nvmvb|
16. W. Iqvnevn Avh-hynvqjx, Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`j−vZzû (`v‡gkK
: `vi“j wdKi, 1989), 8g LÊ, c„t 290, 313|
Contents

13
GUv wK cÖgvY K‡i †h, Bmjvg bvixi cÖwZ AwePvi K‡i‡Q? hw`
ZvB nZ Zvn‡j 12 Rb gxivQ jvfKvixi g‡a¨ 8 Rb bvix‡K Aš—
f©y³ KiZ bv| ZvQvov me©‡¶‡Î †h bvix cyi“‡li †P‡q gxivQ Kg
jvf K‡i Zv wKš‘ bq| †¶Îwe‡k‡l cyi“‡li †P‡q bvix †ekx cvq|
GgbwK A‡a©K ch©š— †c‡q _v‡K| †hgb- †Kvb e¨w³ hw` ¯¿x, †g‡q
I wcZv †i‡L gviv hvq Zvn‡j ¯¿x ¯^vgxi cwiZ¨³ m¤úwËi GK
Aógvsk, †g‡q A‡a©K Ges evKx m¤ú` AvQvev wnmv‡e wcZv cv‡e|
Abyiƒcfv‡e †Kvb e¨w³ hw` ¯¿x, †g‡q I wcZv-gvZv †i‡L g„ZzëiY
K‡i Zvn‡j ¯¿x cv‡e GK Aógvsk, wcZv-gvZv cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK lôvsk
Ges †g‡q cv‡e A‡a©K|17
divmx DËivwaKvi AvBb :
divmx DËivwaKvi AvB‡b g„Z e¨w³i êa ev A‰ea mš—vb A_ev
†Kvb wbKUvZ¥xq we`¨gvb _vKv Ae¯’vq ¯¿x‡K †Kvb gxivQ †`qv nq
bv| hw` G‡ì †KD bv _v‡K Zvn‡j ¯¿x mg¯— m¤úwËi IqvwiQ nq|
hw` gwnjv Kb¨v, †evb ev gv nq Zvn‡j †m cyi“‡li g‡Zv gxivQ
jvf K‡i|
weªwUk DËivwaKvi AvBb :
weªwUk DËivwaKvi AvB‡b cyi“l Zvi ¯—‡ii bvix‡ì Dci cÖvavb¨
jvf K‡i| cyÎ mš—vbiv Kb¨v mš—vb‡ì Dci AMÖvwaKvi cvq| bvix
†nvK ev cyi“l †nvK †R¨ôcyÎ mK‡ji Dc‡i Ges g„‡Zi Kb¨vi
Dci †Q‡ji †Q‡j DËivwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i| hw` g„Z
e¨w³i mš—vb-mš—wZ bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi wbKUvZ¥xq ev wcZvi w`K
†_‡K Zv‡ì eskxq †jvKRb gxivQ jvf Ki‡e|18
17. wbmv 11-12; W. Avgxi Avãyj Avhxh, wbhvgyj Bmjvg (Kvq‡iv : `vi“
Bewbj RvIhx, 2005), c„t 126|
18. Avngv` web Avãyj Avhxh Avj-ûQvBb, Avj-gviAvZzj gymwjgvn
AvgvgvZ ZvnvwÏqvZ (wiqv` : `vi“j wgÔivR Av`-`vIwjq¨vn, 1g cÖKvk,
1418 wnt/1998 wLªt), c„t 67-68|
Contents

14 14
cyi“l‡K bvixi wØ¸Y m¤ú` cÖ`vb Kivi Zvrch© :
cyi“l‡K bvixi wØ¸Y m¤ú` cÖ`vb Kivi bvbvwea hyw³msMZ KviY
i‡q‡Q|19
Zb¥‡a¨ D‡j−L¨‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU nj-
cÖ_gZ : gwnjvi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨qfvi enb Kiv Zvi wcZv, ¯^vgx,
fvB, †Q‡j ev Ab¨vb¨ AvZ¥x‡qi Dci IqvwRe|
wØZxqZ : gwnjv Kv‡iv e¨qfvi en‡b Avw`ó bq| c¶vš—‡i cyi“l
cwievi-cwiRb, AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb I hv‡ì e¨qfvi Zvi Dci b¨¯—
Zv‡ì fiY-†cvl‡Yi eë¯’v MÖn‡Y Avw`ó| w`j−x wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
AvB‡bi Aa¨vcK Zv‡ni gvng~` h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, In so doing, it
enforces a perfect equilibrium in the families, keeping in
sight the many varied financial responsibilities imposed
on every man but on no woman.
20
Z…ZxqZ : cyi“‡li e¨q AwaK Ges m¤ú‡ì Avek¨KZv e¨vcK|
†m‡nZz gwnjvi Zzjbvq Zvi A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb †Xi †ekx| D¤§yj Kziv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§v` Avjx AvQ-Qve~bx e‡jb, .W B
Œ]0 b0 )A €. l8L R0 Œ2 -A €.DjM H.
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Ô†h‡nZz cyi“‡li Dci e¨qfvi AwaK, Zvi `vwqZ¡ A‡bK, †m‡nZz
b¨vq I BbQv‡di hyw³‡Z Zvi Ask AwaK I e¨vcK nIqvB
evÃbxqÕ|21
PZz_©Z : cyi“l ¯¿x‡K †gvni cÖ`vb K‡i Ges Zvi I mš—vb‡ì
evm¯’vb Ges Abœ-e‡¯¿i e¨qfviI enb K‡i| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb,
19. we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv `ª. ÔBmjv‡gi DËivwaKvi AvBbÕ, m¤úv`Kxq, gvwmK
AvZ-ZvnixK, 14/7 msL¨v, GwcÖj 2011, c„t 48|
20. H.S. Bhatia (ed.), Studies in Islamic law, Religion and Society
(New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications, 1996), P. 361.
21. gynv¤§v` Avjx AvQ-Qve~bx, Avj-gvIqvwiQz wdk-kvixÔAvwZj BmjvwgBqvn
(`v‡gkK : `vi“j Kjg, 1997 wLªt), c„t 19|
Contents

15

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Ki‡e| mš‘ówP‡Ë Zviv †gvn‡ii wKq`sk †Q‡o w`‡j †Zvgiv Zv
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†cvl‡Yi eë¯’v Kiv KZ©e¨Õ|22
cÂgZ : mš—vb‡ì †jLvcovi LiP Ges ¯¿x I mš—vb mevi
wPwKrmvi LiP cyi“l enb K‡i, gwnjv bq|23
RMwØL¨vZ gydvmwmi nv‡dh Beby KvQxi (int) e‡jb,
o.ZX )#D
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Rf SWg ~0 Q *M O9#8. o.ZX Rf. @( 7#
“.W8L t3 R”d Zq ”jMU ” €.
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ÔAvj−vni evYx : ÔAvj−vn †Zvgv‡ì mš—vb m¤^‡Ü wb‡`©k w`‡”Qb, GK
cy‡Îi Ask `yB Kb¨vi As‡ki mgvbÕ| A_©vr Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K
Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i b¨vq-bxwZ Aej¤^‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡”Qb| †Kbbv
22. gymwjg nv/1218|
23. Avj-gvIqvixQy wdk-kvixÔAvwZj BmjvwgBqvn, c„t 18-19 wbhvgyj
Bmjvg, c„t 125|
Contents

16 16
Rv‡njx hy‡Mi †jv‡Kiv gxiv‡Qi hveZxq Ask gwnjv‡ì e¨ZxZ ïay
cyi“l‡ì‡K w`Z| d‡j g~j gxiv‡Qi e¨vcv‡i Avj−vn Zv‡ì g‡a¨
mgZv weav‡bi Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb Ges `yB †kªYxi gv‡S cv_©K¨ m~wPZ
K‡i `yB bvixi As‡ki mgvb GK cyi“‡li Ask wba©viY K‡i‡Qb|
GUv G Kvi‡Y †h, fiY-†cvl‡Yi LiP, eëmv-evwYR¨ I DcvR©‡bi
Kó QvovI eûwea Kó cyi“l‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z nq| Kv‡RB cyi“l‡K
bvixi wØ¸Y m¤ú` cÖ`vb KivB hyw³hy³Õ|24
Avj−vgv kvbKxZx (int) e‡jb, D³ Avqv‡Z (wbmv 11) cyi“l bvixi
wØ¸Y cv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †mLv‡b Gi †Kvb KviY ev Zvrch©
D‡j−L Kiv nqwb| GKB m~ivi Ab¨Î Avj−vn †mw`‡K Bw½Z K‡i
e‡j‡Qb, ?wZ -A $
*kZ G

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Dj0 .
5 Ôcyi“l bvixi KZ©v, KviY Avj−vn Zv‡ì
G‡Ki Dci Ab¨‡K †kªôZ¡ `vb K‡i‡Qb Ges GRb¨ †h, cyi“l
Zv‡ì ab-m¤ú` e¨q K‡iÕ (wbmv 34)| Gici wZwb e‡jb,
. —( DM KJ8 )A ). ŽjMg pS˜ -A —.D @d
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)A #Dg
DM KJ8 7.94 Q O Bm R. —( F(.9l KJ8 e.g )A ŽjMg
/+ F%., KJ8g OUDM b+ F(.9l KJ8 -A
.
ÔKviY A‡bï ZË¡veavqK, Zvi cÖwZ m¤ú` e¨qKvix me©`v m¤ú`
n«v‡mi AvksKvq _v‡K| c¶vš—‡i hvi ZË¡veavb Kiv nq Ges hvi
cÖwZ m¤ú` e¨q Kiv nq, †m me©`v m¤ú‡ì Avwa‡Kï Avkvq
_v‡K| Kv‡RB †h m¤ú‡ì Avwa‡Kï cÖZx¶vq _v‡K Zvi Dci H
e¨w³‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv LyeB hyw³msMZ †h m¤ú` n«v‡mi AvksKvq
_v‡K| hv‡Z Zvi ¶wZ wKQzUv n‡jI c~iY nqÕ|25
24. Zvdmxi Be‡b KvQxi (Kvq‡iv : gvKZvevZzQ Qdv, 2004), 2q LÊ, c„t 135|
25. gynv¤§v` Avj-Avgxb Avk-kvbKxZx, AvhIqvDj evqvb (êiƒZ : Avjvgyj
KzZze, Zvwe), 1g LÊ, c„t 308|
Contents

17
mvBwq` KzZze e‡jb,
™M+ :. -A ™MP F..š 0 % Q d ™
.
0 d .›4
Q R-—.WZ 9#B8 Q -d C.iA0 C.iA0 ” Re/A @[#X
-r= -A. 8+L .M
:
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Q C.MœL “l ODj OjB H Re. Q )M .*—.M O.A4
e. 60
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.
ÔG e¨vcviwU (cyi“l‡K bvixi wØ¸Y m¤ú` cÖ`vb Kiv) Zv‡ì †Kvb
GK †kªYxi c¶cvwZZ¡ Kiv bq| eis cwievi MVb I Bmjv‡gi
mvgvwRK k„sLjv weav‡b bvix-cyi“‡li `vqfvi enb Kivi `„wó‡KvY
†_‡K GwU b¨vqbxwZ I fvimvg¨ cÖwZôvi e¨vcvi| cyi“l †Kvb
gwnjv‡K we‡q K‡i Ges me©ve¯’vq Zvi I Zvi JilRvZ mš—vb‡ì
jvjb-cvj‡bi e¨qfvi enb K‡i| †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB ¯¿x ¯^vgx I mš—
vb‡ì Rb¨ e¨q Ki‡Z Avw`ó bq| cwievi MVb I Bmjv‡gi
mvgvwRK k„•Ljv weav‡b cyi“l Kgc‡¶ bvixi wØ¸Y `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡i| G‡Ì‡K GB weÁR‡bvwPZ gxivQ eÈ‡b †hgb BbQvd cÖKvk
cÖvq, †Zgwb `vwqZ¡ I cÖvwßi mvgÄm¨ZvI cÖKvk cvqÕ|26
†gvÏvK_v, Bmjvg bvixi Dci †Kvb A_©‰bwZK `vq-`vwqZ¡ Ac©Y
K‡iwb| hv‡Z †m A_© DcvR©‡bi b¨vq SuywKc~Y© KwVb `vwqZ¡ †_‡K
gy³ †_‡K mš—vb cÖwZcvjb I cvwievwiK `vwqZ¡ wbwðš— g‡b cvjb
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Bmjvg bvixi Ici †Kb A‡_©vcvR©‡bi I cyi“‡li
b¨vq `vq-`vwqZ¡ en‡bi evaëvaKZv Av‡ivc Kij bv- G cÖ‡kœi
Reve w`‡Z wM‡q wmwiqvi cÖL¨vZ Bmjvgx wPš—vwe` W. gy¯—vdv Avm-
wmevC e‡jb, ÔRxweKv DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ bvixi evB‡i kªg †`qvi
26. dx whjvwjj KziAvb 1/585|
Contents

18 18
PvB‡Z M„n¯’vjxi Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kiv Zvi gvbweK gh©v`v‡K
Av‡iv fvjfv‡e wbwðZ K‡i| G‡¶‡Î Bmjv‡gi bxwZ †h AwaKZi
weÁvbm¤§Z I fvimvg¨c~Y©, Zv‡Z we›`ygvÎ m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †bB|
c~e©eZx© ag©gZ I AvB‡bi gZ Bmjvg M„newnf©~Z KvR Zvi Rb¨
wbwl×I K‡iwb, Avevi Zv‡K GRb¨ DrmvwnZI K‡iwb †h, evoxNi
I cwiev‡ii Kj¨v‡Yi †Zvqv°v bv K‡i cyi“l‡`i mv‡_ Kuv‡a Kuva
wgwj‡q hZ Lykx KvR Ki“K- †hgbwU AvaywbK mf¨Zvq Pj‡Q|
e¯‘Z Ggb cÖvÁweavb †h GKgvÎ gnvKzkjx I gnvweÁvbx Avj−vni
iwPZ weavbB n‡Z c‡i, Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bBÕ|27
Dciš‘
Bmjvg bvix‡K DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß m¤úwËi GK”QÎ gvwjK
evwb‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Kv‡iv n¯—‡¶c Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi †bB|
cÖ‡dmi Zv‡ni gvng~` e‡jb, Whatever any woman inherits
is her absolute property. She is its unchallenged master
during her lifetime.28
ZvQvov evwn¨Kfv‡e DËivwaKvi m¤úwË‡Z bvixi †P‡q cyi“‡li Ask
†ekx g‡b n‡jI bvixB †ekx †c‡q _v‡K| GKwU D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g
welqwU‡K cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq| †Kvb g„Z e¨w³ GK †Q‡j I GK
†g‡q †i‡L gviv †Mj Ges gxivQ †i‡L †Mj 3000/= UvKv|
Bmjvgx kixÔAvn Abyhvqx †g‡q cv‡e 1000/= UvKv I †Q‡j cv‡e
2000/= UvKv| Df‡qi we‡qi mgq Dcw¯’Z nj| ai“b, †Q‡j
DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß 2000/= UvKv †gvni w`‡q we‡q Kij| d‡j
wcZvi KvQ †_‡K †m †h cwigvY m¤ú‡`i IqvwiQ n‡qwQj, Zv
¯¿x‡K †gvni wnmv‡e cÖ`vb Kiv‡Z Zvi Kv‡Q Avi wKQzB Aewkó
_vKj bv| we‡qi ci Abœ, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, Z_v fiY-†cvl‡Yi
hveZxq LiP Zvi DciB b¨¯—| c¶vš—‡i †g‡q 2000/= UvKv
†gvn‡ii wewbg‡q Kv‡iv mv‡_ weevn eÜ‡b Ave× nj| Zvn‡j †g‡q
evevi KvQ †_‡K 1000/= Ges ¯^vgxi KvQ †_‡K †gvni eve`
27. W. gy¯—vdv Avm-wmevC, Bmjvg I cvðvZ¨ mgv‡R bvix, AvKivg dvi“K
Ab~w`Z (XvKv : evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, 2004), c„t 33|
28. Studies in Islamic law, Religion and Society, P. 362.
Contents

19
2000/= UvKv †cj| †gvU Zvi UvKvi cwigvY nj 3000/=|
AZtci abevb nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zvi Dci fiY-†cvl‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Awc©Z
nqwb| KviY Zvi fiY-†cvl‡Yi `vwqZ¡ ¯^vgxi| ¯¿xi evm¯’vbmn
hveZxq LiP cÖ`v‡b ¯^vgx wb‡`©wkZ| hZ¶Y ¯¿x Zvi Aax‡b
_vK‡e| Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q, †g‡qi m¤ú` e„w× †cj Avi †Q‡ji
m¤ú` K‡g †Mj|
myax cvVK! Zvn‡j Gevi wPš—v Ki“b! †Q‡j-†g‡qi g‡a¨ †K †ekx
†mŠfvM¨evb I AwaK m¤ú‡`i gvwjK? †Q‡j bv †g‡q? GUvB n‡”Q
†Q‡j I †g‡qi gxivQ m¤ú‡K© ag© I we‡eKcÖm~Z `k©b|
gxivQ eÈ‡b Kg-†ekx Kivi cwiYwZ :
gnvb Avj−vn KziAvb gvRx‡` m~iv wbmvi 11-12 I 176 bs Avqv‡Z
gxivQ eÈ‡bi wbqg-bxwZ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| †h GB bxwZ ev¯—evqb
Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q RvbœvZ Ges †h Zvjevnvbv I †KŠkj
Aej¤^b K‡i G eÈ‡b Kg-†ekx Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Rvnvbœv‡gi
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5
ÔGBme Avj−vni wba©vwiZ mxgv| †KD Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji
AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡j Avj−vn Zv‡K Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv‡eb, hvi cv`‡`‡k
b`x cÖevwnZ; †mLv‡b Zviv ¯’vqx n‡e Ges GUv gnvmvdj¨| Avi
†KD Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji Aeva¨ n‡j Ges Zuvi wba©vwiZ mxgv
jsNb Ki‡j wZwb Zv‡K AwMœ‡Z wb‡¶c Ki‡eb; †mLv‡b †m ¯’vqx
n‡e Ges Zvi Rb¨ jvÃbv`vqK kvw¯— i‡q‡QÕ (wbmv 13-14)|
Contents

20 20
cvðv‡Z¨ Aeva bvix ¯^vaxbZvi Kzdj
Bmjvg bvixi ¯^vaxbZv niY K‡i‡Q, Zv‡K Pvi †`qv‡ji g‡a¨
Ae‡ivaevwmbx K‡i †i‡L‡Q, Zvi AwaKvi wQwb‡q wb‡q‡Q,
cvðv‡Zï Z_vKw_Z eyw×Rxexiv Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× BZ¨vKvi
Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡i AZ¨š— cwiKwíZfv‡e D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q|
wKš‘ DbœZ mf¨Zvi `vex`vi Hme cwÊZ‡ì †`‡k bvixi Aeva
¯^vaxbZvi bv‡g Zvi bvixZ¡‡K UzwU †P‡c nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡K
c‡Yï PUK`vi weÁvc‡bi g‡Wj I †fv‡Mi m¯—v mvgMÖx‡Z cwiYZ
K‡i my‡KŠk‡j Zvi mZxZ¡‡K jyÉb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvðv‡Zï DbœZ
†`k¸‡jv‡Z hyeZx‡ì GZUvB ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb Kiv nq †h, cÖvßeq¯‹
hyeZx Zvi cQ›` Abyhvqx †h †Kvb cyi“‡li mv‡_ Aev‡a †gjv‡gkv
I ivwÎ hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †mme †`‡k bvix mnRjf¨ nIqvq
cvwievwiK eÜb evwji ev‡ai gZ Vyb‡Kv n‡q †M‡Q| GgbwK ¯^vgx-
¯¿xi †Kvb GKR‡bi Ny‡gi g‡a¨ bvK WvKvq Ab¨Rb wei³ nIqv
A_ev Zv‡ì GKR‡bi KzKzi Av‡iKR‡bi cQ›` bv nIqvi gZ
Zz”Q Kvi‡YI weevn we‡”Q` N‡U _v‡K|29
hw` †Kvb cyi“‡li Mvj©‡d«Û evox‡Z Av‡m Zvn‡j †m Zvi ¯¿x‡K
e‡j, AvR †m Zvi evÜexi mv‡_ ivwÎ hvcb Ki‡e| Abyiƒcfv‡e
¯¿xiI hw` eq‡d«Û Av‡m Zvn‡j †mI ¯^vgx‡K †Q‡o Zvi mv‡_ Aeva
†hŠbZvi mvM‡i Wy‡e hvq| GUv n‡”Q Zv‡ì Kv‡Q ¯^vaxbZv| GB
Aeva bvix ¯^vaxbZvi d‡j cvðv‡Zï †`k¸‡jv‡Z Lyb, al©Y, bvix
wbh©vZb I AvZ¥nZ¨v †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| Ah‡Zœ-Ae‡njvq ggZvgqx
gv‡qi †mœ‡ni cikewÂZ wkïiv †W-†Kqv‡i cÖwZcvwjZ n‡”Q|
wkïKvj †_‡KB wkïiv evev-gvi †mœ‡ni cikewÂZ nIqvq Rwo‡q
co‡Q bvbv Acivag~jK Kg©Kv‡Ê| Av‡gwiKvi wdjv‡Wjwdqvi kb
MÖ¨v›U (Shawn Grant) bv‡g evevnxb cwiev‡ii GK mš—vb Kxfv‡e
Aciva RM‡Zi mv‡_ wb‡R‡K Rwo‡q †djj Zvi weeiY w`‡Z wM‡q
House Select Committee on Children, Youth and
29. W. Avãyj−vn web Avãyj gynwmb AvZ-ZzKx©, wgbnvRyj Bmjvg dx webvBj
Dmivn (mE`x Avie : IhvivZzk ïDb Avj-BmjvwgBqvn Iqvj-AvIK¡vd
Iqv`-`vIqvn Iqvj-Bikv`, 1418 wnt), c„t 83|
Contents

21
Families (wkï, Zi“Y I cwievi welqK M„n evQvB KwgwU)-†K
e‡j‡Q, My father has had little contact with me since I
was one year old. In my neighborhood, a lot of negative
things go on. People sell drugs; a lot of the gang
members parents use drugs and often these guys do not
see their parents....When I was young I use (sic) to
worry about my father. I also resented his not being
involved in my life. Now I do not care. However, I think
that I would not have become involved in a gang if I had
a job and if my father had had a relationship with me.
ÔAvwg hLb 1 eQi eqmx ZLb †_‡K Avgvi mv‡_ Avgvi wcZvi
†hvMv‡hvM wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j| Avgv‡ì Av‡k-cv‡k A‡bK
†bwZevPK KvR-Kg© PjZ| †jv‡Kiv gv`K`ªe¨ wewµ KiZ; A‡bK
`ye©„‡Ëi evev-gv gv`K`ªe¨ eënvi KiZ Ges cÖvqB GB †jv‡Kiv
Zv‡ì wcZvgvZvi mv¶vr †cZ bv...| hLb Avwg †QvU wQjvg ZLb
Avwg Avgvi wcZv‡K wb‡q `ywðš—v KiZvg| Avgvi Rxe‡bi mv‡_
Zvi m¤ú„³Zv bv _vKv‡K Avwg AcQ›` KiZvg| GLb Avwg c‡ivqv
Kwi bv| hvB †nvK, Avwg g‡b Kwi †h, Avwg Acivax‡ì `‡j †hvM
w`Zvg bv hw` Avgvi KvR _vKZ Ges Avgvi wcZvi mv‡_ Avgvi
m¤úK© _vKZÕ|30
GB ev¯—eZv ïay kb MÖ¨v‡›Ui bq; ies †KvwU †KvwU kb Mª¨v‡›Ui hviv
evev-gvi †mœnewÂZ n‡q wewfbœ Acivag~jK Kg©Kv‡Ê Rwo‡q
c‡o‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi d‡j wkï‡ì g‡a¨ AvZ¥nZ¨vi cÖeYZvI
evo‡Q| Av‡gwiKv‡Z 2003 †_‡K 2004 mv‡j 10-14 eQi eqmx
†g‡q wkï‡ì AvZ¥nZ¨vi msL¨v †e‡o‡Q 76%| Ab¨ GK cwimsL¨vb
g‡Z Av‡gwiKv‡Z 2004 mv‡j 15-19 eQi eqmx †Q‡j Ges
†g‡q‡ì AvZ¥nZ¨vi cwigvY †e‡o‡Q h_vµ‡g 32.3% I 9%|31
30. Frank J. Macchiarola and Alan Gartner (eds), Caring for
America's Children (New York: 1989), p. 25.
31. b~i“j Bmjvg, Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z cwievi I cvwievwiK Rxeb (XvKv :
evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, 1g cÖKvk, 2009), c„t 71-72|
Contents

22 22
Av‡gwiKvi Ki“Y Ae¯’v :
1990 mv‡j ÔwbDR DBKÕ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª bvix wbh©vZ‡bi Dci GK
Rwic cwiPvjbv K‡i| Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, †mLv‡b cÖwZ 18 †m‡K‡Û
1 Rb bvix wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq, cÖwZ 6 wgwb‡U GKRb bvix awl©Zv
nq, cÖwZ 1 NÈvq 16 Rb bvix‡K al©‡Yi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z nq|
D‡j−L¨, mviv we‡k¦ bvix wbh©vZ‡b gvwK©b hy³ivóª kxl©¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q|
GgbwK †`kwU G‡¶‡Î weª‡U‡bi 13 ¸Y, Rvg©vbx †_‡K 4 ¸Y I
Rvcvb †_‡K 20 ¸Y †ekx| 1977 mv‡j Aí mgq we`y¨r bv _vKvq
†KejgvÎ wbDBqK© kn‡iB 70 nvhvi bvix al©‡Yi wkKvi nq|32
Av‡gwiKvi IKjv‡nvgv bMix‡Z cÖwZ 4 Rb wkïi 1 Rb 10-14
eQi eqmx AweevwnZ bvixi M‡f© Rb¥jvf K‡i| 1977 mv‡j
Av‡gwiKvq cwiPvwjZ GK Rwi‡c †`Lv †M‡Q, 1972-1974 mvj
ch©š— cÖ‡Z¨K eQi 6 j¶ 43 nvhvi bvixi Mf©cvZ NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
1976 mv‡j G msL¨v wM‡q ùvovq GK wgwjq‡bi †ekx| cwimsL¨vb
†_‡K Av‡iv Rvbv hvq, 70 kZvsk Mf©cvZ NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q AweevwnZ
bvix‡ì|33
hy³iv‡óªi Ô¸Ug¨vPvi Bbw÷wUDUÕ cÖ`Ë cwimsL¨vb
Abyhvqx †mLv‡b cÖwZeQi 15-17 eQi eqmx bvix‡ì g‡a¨ cÖvq 7
jvL 50 nvhvi AweevwnZ bvix Mf©eZx nq| Avi †m‡`‡ki
K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv iv‡R¨ eQ‡i 1 jvL 13 nvhvi wK‡kvix Mf© aviY
K‡i|34
hy³iv‡óªi Ôb¨vkbvj µvBg wfw±gvB‡Rkb mv‡f©Õi wi‡cvU©
Abyhvqx, 1998 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª ejc~e©K †hŠb wbcxo‡bi NUbv
N‡U 1 jvL 33 nvhvi| Avi al©‡Yi NUbv N‡U cÖvq 2 jvL| †`kwUi
kZKiv 50 fvM bvix Kg©‡¶‡Î †hŠb wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nq| Avi
evKx 50 fv‡Mi †h G ai‡bi AwfÁZv †bB Zv bq| Z‡e PvKwi
nviv‡bvi f‡q Zviv gyL euy‡R bxi‡e me wbh©vZb mn¨ K‡i hvq|35
32. W. gynv¤§` Avey BDmyd, ÔDbœZ we‡k¦ bvix AwaKv‡ii ¯îƒcÕ, gvwmK c„w_ex,
el© 26, msL¨v 4, Rvbyqvix 2007, c„t 62|
33. wgbnvRyj Bmjvg dx webvBj Dmivn, c„t 86|
34. BbwKjve, 5 GwcÖj 2008, c„t 14|
35. H, 26 gvP© 2008, c„t 16|
Contents

23
bvixi mgAwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ MjvevwR Ki‡jI †Lv`
Av‡gwiKv‡ZB bvixiv Kg©‡¶‡Î êl‡gï wkKvi| ïaygvÎ bvix
nevi Kvi‡Y GKB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv‡K cyi“‡li PvB‡Z A‡bK
Kg A_© †`qv nq| GLb †_‡K cÖvq 40 eQi Av‡M †cÖwm‡W›U Rb
Gd. †K‡bwW hy³iv‡óª ÔBKz¨‡qj †c A¨v±Õ AvBb cvm Ki‡jI
GLbI 15 eQi I Zvi E‡aŸ© Kg©iZ bvixiv GKB Kv‡Ri Rb¨
cyi“l‡ì PvB‡Z cÖwZ Wjv‡i 23 †m›U Kg DcvR©b K‡i| BDGm
MfY©‡g›U A¨vKvD‡›UwewjwU Awdm-Gi Rwic †_‡K †`Lv hvq, †m
†`‡ki wkí cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi eë¯’vcbv wefv‡Mi †gvU Kg©Pvixi cÖvq
70 fvM bvix nÕ‡jI bvix eë¯’vcKiv cyi“‡li †P‡q A‡bK Kg A_©
†c‡q _v‡K| ïay ZvB bq, 1995-2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ hy³iv‡óª bvix-
cyi“‡li DcvR©‡bi GB êlg¨ µgvš^‡q †e‡o‡Q|36
A_P cwðgv
eyw×Rxex‡ì ˆZix Ôbvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi êlg¨ we‡jvc mb`Õ
(wmWI)-Gi 11 (N) avivq bvixi Ôwewfbœ my‡hvM myweavmn mgvb
cvwikªwgK, GKB gv‡bi Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î GKB AvPiY, †mB mv‡_
Kv‡Ri gvb g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î mgvb AvPiY cvIqvi AwaKviÕ
cvIqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
wmGbGb cwi‡ewkZ GK Le‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, 29 kZvsk Av‡gwiKvb
cyi“l Rxe‡b 15 Rb ev Z‡ZvwaK bvixi m‡½ †hŠb m¤úK© ¯’vcb
K‡i _v‡K| Aciw`‡K 9 kZvsk bvix Zv‡ì Rxe‡b 15 ev
Z‡ZvwaK cyi“‡li m‡½ †hŠb m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i| 15 eQi eq‡mi
Av‡M †hŠbZvi ¯^v` Dc‡fvM K‡i 16 kZvsk| gvÎ 25 kZvsk bvix
Ges 17 kZvsk cyi“l e‡j †h, Zv‡ì 1 R‡bi †ekx Rxebm½x
†bB|37
BDGm Rvw÷m wWcvU©‡g›U Gi 1998 mv‡j cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx
hy³iv‡óª cÖwZ eQi 9 jvL 60 nvhvi cvwievwiK mwnsmZvi NUbv
N‡U| Avi cÖvq 40 jvL bvix Zvi ¯^vgx A_ev eq‡d«‡Ûi Øviv
36. BbwKjve, 5 GwcÖj 2008, c„t 14; 26 gvP© 2008, c„t 16|
37. H, 4 GwcÖj 2008, c„t 14|
Contents

24 24
kvixwiKfv‡e wbh©vwZZ nq|38
Ô†nivì wUªweDbÕ Gi GK wi‡cv‡U©
D‡j−L Kiv nq, 1990 mv‡ji wm×vš— †gvZv‡eK K¨vwj‡dvwb©qvi
IKj¨vÛ kn‡i 1991 mv‡j GKwU gwnjv K‡j‡R mnwk¶v Pvjy Kiv
n‡j †mLvbKvi QvÎxiv Kvbœv Ry‡o †`q Ges wPrKvi K‡i ej‡Z
_v‡K, Ômnwk¶vi †P‡q g„Zz¨ A‡bK fvjÕ| Zviv Zv‡ì Mv‡qi
RvgvqI GKB K_v †j‡L| GgbwK mnwk¶v we‡ivax †jLv w`‡q
K¨v¤úvm f‡i †`q| Gi GKwUgvÎ KviY Zv nj, cyi“‡li †hŠb
wbh©vZb|39
1979 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvq 23,31,000 wU we‡qi g‡a¨ H eQiB
11,81,000wU ZvjvK n‡q hvq|40
1983 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvq cÖwZ
1 nvhvi we‡qi g‡a¨ 114wU weevn we‡”Q‡ì NUbv N‡U|41
Av‡gwiKvq eZ©gv‡b weevn we‡”Q‡ì nvi 38%|42
Av‡gwiKvq
GLb ch©š— Ggb wKQz m¤cÖ`vq i‡q‡Q hviv wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ ¯¿x
wewbgq K‡i| wbw`©ó mg‡qi c‡i cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zv‡ì avi †`qv ¯¿x
†dir †bq|43
Bsj¨v‡Ûi bMœ Aeqe :
weª‡U‡bi ÔAwdm di b¨vkbvj ÷vwUw÷KmÕ cwiPvwjZ GK M‡elYvq
ejv n‡q‡Q, 2031 mvj bvMv` weª‡U‡b êa gv-evevi msL¨v
e¨vcKnv‡i K‡g hv‡e| wi‡cv‡U© Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q, weMZ GK
`k‡K A‰ea RywUi msLv 65 fvM †e‡o 2.3 wgwjq‡b ùvwo‡q‡Q|
ïay jÛ‡bi cwievi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ôwm‡½j gv`viÕ ev ¯^vgxnxb gv‡qi
38. H, 26 gvP© 2008, c„t 16; 5 GwcÖj 2008, c„t 14|
39. c„w_ex, Rvbyqvix 2007, c„t 63|
40. H, c„t 62|
41. W. IQgvb RygÔAvn hvgxwiBqvn, ÔAvgvjyj gviAvn Iqvj BLwZjvZ Iqv
AvQvi“û dx BbwZkvwiZ ZvjvKÕ, gvRvj−vZzj eyn~Q Avj-BmjvwgBqvn,
†K›`ªxq `vi“j BdZv, wiqvh, mE`x Avie, msL¨v 77, wW‡mt Õ05- gvP©
Õ06, c„t 360|
42. BbwKjve, 15 †g 2008, c„t 14|
43. QvjvûÏxb gvKe~j Avngv`, Avj-gviAvZz evqbv †n`vqvwZj Bmjvg Iqv
MvIqvwZj BÔjvg (Kz‡qZ: `vi“ Cjvd, 1997), c„t 331|
Contents

25
cwievi i‡q‡Q 22 fvM, hv weª‡U‡bi Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡ji †P‡q †ekx|44
weª‡U‡bi ¯îvóª gš¿Yvj‡qi GK Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq, cywjk wefv‡M
cyi“l mnKgx©‡ì Øviv gwnjviv e¨vcKnv‡i †hŠb wbcxo‡bi wkKvi
n‡”Q| H M‡elYvq 8 kZvwaK gwnjv cywj‡ki Zv‡ì mnKgx© KZ©„K
†hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKv‡ii welqwU †iKW© Kiv nq| 1992 mv‡j
Ôcywjk wiwfDÕ g¨vMvwR‡b Rwi‡ci djvdj cÖKvk Kiv n‡j †`Lv
hvq, cywj‡ki g‡a¨ 8 kZvsk gwnjv cywjk mivmwi †hŠb wbcxo‡bi
wkKvi nb Ges evKx 92 fvM‡K KzrwmZ I Ak−xj K_vevZ©v Øviv
DZ¨³ Kiv nq|45
weª‡U‡b 50 jvL kªwg‡Ki g‡a¨ 7% gwnjv n‡jI Zv‡ì Rb¨ exgvi
myweav, Amy¯’ZvRwbZ I †eKvi fvZvi eë¯’v †bB| GK Rwi‡c
†`Lv hvq, weª‡U‡b cÖwZ 10 Rb wbh©vwZZv gwnjvi 3 RbB ¯^vgx
KZ©„K gvia‡ii wkKvi|46
jÛ‡bi ÔMvwW©qvbÕ cwÎKvi g‡Z, Bsj¨v‡Û
AwZ AvaywbKv bvix‡ì awl©Zv nIqvi m¤¢vebv cÖwZ cuvPR‡b
GKRb|47
†mLv‡b cÖwZ 20 R‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb bvix awl©Zv nq
Ges gvÎ 100 R‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb al©K aiv c‡o| ÔBD‡ivwcqvb
DB‡gbm jweÕi cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx weª‡U‡b 40-50% bvix Zvi
cyi“l mnKgx©i KvQ †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi †hŠb nqivwbi wkKvi
nq|48
1991 mv‡j weª‡U‡b 80 mv‡ji †P‡q 9% Ges 90 mv‡ji
†P‡q 3% weevn we‡”Q` †e‡o hvq|49
1991 mv‡j weª‡U‡b †gvU
weevn we‡”Q‡ì msL¨v ùvovq 1 j¶ 71 nvhvi 1 kZ| GLv‡b
Rb¥MÖnYKvix cÖwZ 3wU wkïi g‡a¨ Kgc‡¶ 1wU Rb¥MÖnY K‡i weevn
ewnf©~Zfv‡e|50
44. BbwKjve, 4 GwcÖj 2008, c„t 14; hvqhvqw`b 6 Rvbyqvix 2008|
46. H, c„t 63|
47 . BbwKjve, 26 gvP© 2008, c„t 16|
48. H, 5 GwcÖj 2008, c„t 14|
49. gvRvj−vZzj eyn~Q Avj-BmjvwgBqvn, cÖv¸³, c„t 361|
Contents

26 26
MxR©v KZ©„c¶ fiY-†cvlY Ki‡Z A¶g nIqvq 1790 m‡b gvÎ `yB
wkwjs‡qi wewbg‡q Bsj¨v‡Ûi evRv‡i GK gwnjv‡K wewµ Kiv
nq|51
D‡j−L¨, 1801 mb ch©š— weª‡U‡bi AvB‡b ¯^vgxi Rb¨ Zvi
¯¿x‡K wewµ Kiv êa wQj|52
wesk kZ‡Ki Z…Zxq `k‡K weª‡U‡bi
KwZcq cwÎKvq D‡j−L Kiv nq †h, Bsj¨v‡Ûi MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z Ggb
A‡bK †jvK i‡q‡Q, hviv Zv‡ì ¯¿x‡ì‡K bvggvÎ g~‡j¨ Z_v 30
wkwjs‡q wewµ K‡i|53
1930 m‡bi wW‡m¤î gv‡mi ÔAvh-whqvÕ
cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ GKwU wi‡cvU© †_‡K Rvbv hvq, jÛ‡bi GKwU
Av`vj‡Z G¨v‡jb I‡qbnvg bvgK GK e¨w³‡K Zvi ¯¿x‡K gvÎ
500 cvD‡Ûi wewbg‡q wewµi `v‡q 10 gvm Kviv`Ê †`qv nq|54
1990 m‡bi †Mvovi w`‡K weª‡U‡bi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x gvM©v‡iU
_¨vPvi GK †Uwj‡dvb mv¶vrKv‡i D‡j−L K‡ib †h, 1979-1987
mb ch©š— bvix-cyi“‡li A‰ea †gjv‡gkvi Kvi‡Y weª‡U‡b 4,00000
RviR mš—vb Rb¥MÖnY K‡i|55
weª‡Ub I Av‡gwiKvq ¯‹zj †_‡K
wek¦we`¨vjq ch©š— QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì Kgc‡¶ 75 fvM †hŠb m‡¤¢v‡M wjß
nq| Avevi A‡b‡K G Ae¯’vq Kzgvix gvZvq cwiYZ nq| Avi wjf
Uz‡M`vi †Zv Av‡QB|56
d«v‡Ýi wPÎ :
d«v‡Ý bvixi mnRjf¨Zv mywew`Z| Bs‡iRx GKwU cÖev‡` Av‡Q- To
take a wife to paris is like carring coal to New Castle.
Ôc¨vwi‡m ¯¿x‡K mv‡_ wb‡q hvIqv wbD K¨vm‡j Kqjv wb‡q hvIqvi
g‡ZvÕ| D‡j−L¨, Bsj¨v‡Ûi eo Kqjv Lwb GjvKv nj wbD K¨vmj|
†mLv‡b c‡_-Nv‡U Kqjv c‡o _vKZ| kxZKv‡j Lv`¨ Mig Kiv
51. AveKvwiq¨vZz gynv¤§v`, c„t 124|
52. ˆÎgvwmK ÔAvj-gymwjg Avj-gyÔAvwmiÕ, Kz‡qZ, msL¨v 21, Rvby-gvP©
1980, c„t 23|
53. Avj-gviAvZz evqbv †n`vqvwZj Bmjvg Iqv MvIqvwZj BÔjvg, c„t 330|
54. H, c„t 330-31|
55. H, c„t 334| M„nxZ : Wt evkxi web dvn` Avj-evkxi, Avmvjxeyj
AvjgvwbBqxb dx ZvMixwej gviAvwZj gymwjgvn, c„t 334|
Contents

27
Ges i“g Dò Kivi Rb¨ †mLv‡b Kqjv wKb‡Z nZ bv| ZvB
Bs‡iRx cÖev` ˆZwi nq- To carry coal to New Castle. A_©vr
wbD K¨vmj kn‡i Kqjv wb‡q hvIqv †hgb AcÖ‡qvRbxq, †Zgwb
d«v‡Ý ¯¿xmn åg‡Y hvIqv †evKvgx|57
d«v‡Ý hyeK-hyeZx‡ì e¨wfPvi‡K †Kvb Aciva wnmv‡eB MY¨ Kiv
nq bv| †mLv‡b hw` †Kvb hyeK Zvi ¯¿x e¨ZxZ Ab¨ bvix‡K evÜex
wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i Zvn‡j welqwU‡K †Mvcb Kivi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb
†eva K‡i bv| divmx mgvR cyi“‡li Rb¨ GUv ¯^vfvweK e¨vcvi e‡j
g‡b K‡i| †mKvi‡Y we‡q nIqvi K‡qK NÈv ciI †mLv‡b weevn
we‡”Q` N‡U _v‡K| d«v‡Ýi GK gš¿x we‡q Kivi gvÎ 5 NÈv ci
Zvi ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK †`q e‡j Rvbv hvq| d«v‡Ý weevn we‡”Q‡ì NUbv
GZUvB cÖKU †h, †mb bMixi GKwU Av`vj‡Z GKw`‡b 294wU
weevn we‡”Q‡ì NUbv N‡U| weevn we‡”Q‡ì bZzb AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi
ciI d«v‡Ý 1841 m‡b 4 nvhvi, 1900 m‡b 7 nvhvi, 1913 m‡b
16 nvhvi Ges 1931 m‡b 20 nvhv‡i wM‡q ùvovq| 1960-1970
mvj ch©š— †mLv‡b evwl©K we‡qi nvi †e‡o ùvovq gvÎ 6.3% Ges
1970-1974 ch©š— 8%| wKš‘ 1974-75 mv‡j we‡qi nvi 7.4%
†b‡g hvq|58
†Wbgv‡K©i bvix‡ì AvZ©bv` :
1970 m‡b †Wbgv‡K©i ivRavbx †Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡b GK weivU bvix
we‡¶vf wgwQj AbywôZ nq| wgwQ‡j wecyj msL¨K hyeZx I
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎxiv AskMÖnY K‡i wb‡gœv³ †k−vMvb †`q Ges
GZ`msµvš— c−¨vKvW© enb K‡i| 1. Avgiv †fvM¨cY¨ n‡Z PvB bv|
2. ivbœvN‡iB Avgv‡ì myL-kvwš— wbwnZ Av‡Q| 3. Avgiv PvB bvixiv
evox‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki“K| 4. Avgv‡ì bvixZ¡ wdwi‡q `vI| 5. Avgiv
†¯^”QvPvwiZv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb KiwQ BZ¨vw`|59
57. G. †RW. Gg. kvgmyj Avjg, ÔcvðvZ¨ ˆØZ-g~j¨‡evaÕ, BbwKjve, 31
RyjvB 2008, c„t 15|
58. wgbnvRyj Bmjvg dx webvBj Dmivn, c„t 82-84|
Contents

28 28
Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki nvj-nwKKZ :
hy³ivóª, Kjw¤^qv, KvbvWvmn 10wU †`‡k cwiPvwjZ GK Rwi‡c
†`Lv †M‡Q, G mKj †`‡ki cÖwZ 3 Rb bvixi g‡a¨ GKRb Zvi
¯^vgx ev Nwbô cyi“l m½xi Øviv wbh©vwZZ nq|60
KvbvWvi wbivc`
kni e‡j cwiwPZ U‡i‡›Uv‡Z cwiPvwjZ GK Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq,
†mLv‡b kZKiv 98 fvM bvix †Kvb bv †Kvbfv‡e †hŠb wbcxo‡bi
wkKvi nq|61
KvbvWvi kZKiv 54 fvM bvix 16 eQ‡i c`vc©‡Yi
Av‡MB †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq|62
wLª÷vb Aay¨wlZ wdwjcvB‡b
2008 mv‡j Rb¥ †bqv 17 jvL 80 nvhvi wkïi g‡a¨ kZKiv 37
fvMB Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q Kzgvix gvZvi M‡f©|63
cvðv‡Zï ¯‹zj-K‡jR¸‡jvi Dci cwiPvwjZ GK Rwic †_‡K †`Lv
†M‡Q, kZKiv 23 †_‡K 44.8 fvM QvÎx Zv‡ì eq‡d«Û‡ì Øviv
†hŠb wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nq|64
GK Rwi‡c †`Lv †M‡Q, cvðv‡Z¨ hZ
†hŠb wbcxo‡bi NUbv cywj‡ki Kv‡Q wi‡cvU© Kiv nq, Zvi g‡a¨ wZb
fv‡Mi GK fvM N‡U 12 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx wkï‡ì Dci|65
cvðv‡Zï D‡ØM-DrKÉv :
Aeva bvix ¯^vaxbZvi d‡j cwðgv bvix‡ì `y`©kv †`‡L ¯^qs
cvðv‡Zï A‡bK wPš—vkxj e¨w³ DwØMœ-DrKwÉZ| Ebwesk kZvãxi
†klfvM †_‡KB †mLvbKvi wPš—vkxj e¨w³iv Zv‡ì GB DrKÉv
cÖKvk K‡i cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvi we`vqNÈv †e‡R IVvi Bw½Z w`‡Z
_v‡Kb| wb‡gœ G m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì wKQz gš—e¨ D‡j−L Kiv nj-
1. AvaywbK mgvR weÁv‡bi RbK iƒ‡c L¨vZ cÖL¨vZ weÁvbx AvM÷
KvD›U e‡jb, Ôbvix‡ì m¤§wZ e¨wZ‡i‡KB Zv‡ì c‡¶ msMÖv‡gi
60. BbwKjve, 26 gvP© 2008, c„t 16|
61. H; RbKÉ 31 RyjvBÕ93|
62. H|
63. BbwKjve, 20 RyjvB 2011, c„t 6|
64. BbwKjve 26 gvP© 2008, c„t 16|
65. H|
Contents

29
`vex`vi cyi“liv bvix‡ì Rb¨ †h e¯‘MZ mgAwaKv‡ii `vex Rvbvq,
†mB mgAwaKvi hw` bvixiv KL‡bv cvq, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì ˆbwZK
Ae¯’vi wech©‡qi AvbycvwZK nv‡iB Zv‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËv
wech©¯— n‡e| †Kbbv †m‡¶‡Î Zviv †ekxi fvM AvPi‡Y K‡Vvi
ˆbwZK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Avkªq wb‡Z eva¨ n‡e| wKš‘ †mUv Zviv Ki‡Z
m¶g n‡e bv| A_P G‡Z Zv‡ì weKí fvjevmvi Drm¸‡jvI webó
n‡q hv‡eÕ| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔmwVK A‡_© gvbe Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡j
bvix Rxeb h_vm¤¢e cwievi‡Kw›`ªK I N‡ivqv Rxeb nIqv hiƒix
Ges bvix‡K N‡ii evB‡ii mg¯— KvR †_‡K h_vm¤¢e gyw³ w`‡Z
n‡e| hv‡Z K‡i Zvi cÖavb `vwqZ¡ cvjb m¤¢e nqÕ|66
2. The Science of Times cwÎKvq ejv n‡q‡Q, There is a
trinity of evil powers abroad in the world today and all
of them are hell-bent. Solacious literature which has so
amazingly increased in volume and daring since this
war; the motion picture with its erotic themes... and the
lowered moral standard of women as revealed in their
dress or lack of it... and their promiscuous familiarities
with men... these three are increasingly with us and they
mean deterioration and destruction of christian society
and civilization. Unless they are checked, our history
will parallel Rome and those other nation of history
whose lust and passion sent them with their wine,
woman and song to the gates of hell and oblivion.
ÔeZ©gvb RM‡Z Aïf kw³i GKwU wÎZ¡ weivR Ki‡Q hviv mK‡jB
n‡”Q biKgyLx| †hŠb fv‡evÏxcK mvwnZ¨ hv gnvhy‡×i ci n‡Z
AvqZb I bMœ exfrmZvq we¯§qKv‡i †e‡o P‡j‡Q, †hŠb Av‡eMc~Y©
QvqvwPÎ... bvix‡ì AwZgvÎvq ¯^í †cvkvK ev G‡Kev‡i †cvkvK bv
_vKvi Rb¨ AebZ ˆbwZKgvb Ges cyi“l‡ì mv‡_ Zv‡ì Aeva I
D”Q„•Lj †gjv‡gkv... GB mg¯— DcmM©¸‡jv DË‡ivËi Avgv‡ì
66. Bmjvg I cvðvZ¨ mgv‡R bvix, c„t 116, 17|
Contents

30 30
g‡a¨ we¯—vi jvf Ki‡Q Ges Avgv‡ì wLª÷ mgvR I mf¨Zvi
AatcZb I aŸs‡mi m~Pbv Ki‡Q| hw` Gi MwZ †iva bv Kiv nq,
Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì BwZnvm †ivg I Ab¨vb¨ RvwZi Abyiƒc n‡e- †hme
RvwZi Kvg I cÖe„wËcivqYZv Zv‡ì g`, bvix I cÖ‡gv` m½xZmn
Zv‡ì‡K we¯§„wZi bviKxq MnŸ‡i wbgw¾Z K‡i‡QÕ|
3. A_©‰bwZK ZvwË¡K †RŠj wmgmb e‡jb, Ôbvixiv GLb Kvco
†K‡b, UvBc K‡i, Av‡iv KZ Kx! miKvi Zv‡ì‡K KjKviLvbvqI
wb‡qvM K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e Zviv mvgvb¨ KUv cqmv Avq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q
e‡U| wKš‘ Zviv Gi wewbg‡q Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii wfwË aŸwm‡q
w`‡q‡QÕ| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ô†h bvix evoxi evB‡i KvR K‡i, †m
GKRb bMY¨ kªwg‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i e‡U| Z‡e GKRb bvixi
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i bvÕ|67
4. cÖL¨vZ †jwLKv G¨vwb †ivW© 10 †g 1901 mv‡j ÔB÷vb© †gBjÕ
cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ GK cÖe‡Ü e‡jb, ÔAvgv‡ì †g‡q‡ì evox‡Z wS
A_ev PvKivbxi gZ KvR Kiv KjKviLvbvq KvR Kivi †P‡q †Xi
†ekx Kj¨vYKi I Kg wec¾bK| †Kbbv KjKviLvbvq †g‡qiv GZ
†ekx †bvsiv n‡q hvq †h, wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi D¾¡jZv
bó n‡q hvq| nvq, Avgv‡ì †`k¸‡jv hw` gymwjg †`k¸‡jvi gZ
nZ! †mme †`‡k bvixi j¾vkxjZv, mZxZ¡ I cweÎZv Av‡Q|
†mLv‡b `vm-`vmxivI myL-¯^v”Q‡›`ï Rxeb hvcb K‡i Ges Zv‡ì
mv‡_ evoxi †Q‡j-†g‡q‡ì gZ AvPiY Kiv nq| Zv‡ì m¤£‡gi
†KD ¶wZ K‡i bv| Bs‡iR kvmbvaxb †`k¸‡jvi Rb¨ GUv LyeB
j¾vKi e¨vcvi †h, Zviv Zv‡ì †g‡q‡ì‡K cyi“l‡ì mv‡_ Aeva
†gjv‡gkv Ki‡Z w`‡q Zv‡ì‡K AmZx bvixi bgybv evwb‡q
†Q‡o‡Q| AvR bvixi m¤£g-m¤§vb i¶vi LvwZ‡i Avgv‡ì Ggb wKQz
Ki‡ZB n‡e, hv‡Z Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì ¯^fve cÖK…wZi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©
N‡ivqv Rxeb hvc‡b I cyi“lmyjf KvR cyi“l‡ì Rb¨ †i‡L w`‡Z
eva¨ Kiv hvqÕ|68
67. H, c„t 116, 118|
Contents

31
5. mgvRZvwš¿K `vk©wbK eª“`vb e‡jb, ÔmvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gv‡Z
bvixi Ae¯’vb hw` AweKj cyi“‡li gZ nq, Zvn‡j bvix †Mvj−vq
hv‡e| †m ZLb `vmx-euv`x‡Z cwiYZ n‡eÕ|69
6. cÖL¨vZ `vk©wbK evUª©vÛ iv‡mj e‡jb, Ôbvix‡ì‡K miKvix Kv‡R
wb‡qvM Kivi Kvi‡Y cwievi aŸsm n‡Z P‡j‡Q| AwfÁZv †_‡K
†`Lv †M‡Q †h, bvix A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯^vaxb n‡jB wPivqZ ˆbwZK
g~j¨‡ev‡ai wei“‡× we‡`ªvn K‡i Ges †Kvb GKRb gvÎ cyi“‡li
Kv‡Q wek¦¯— _vK‡Z Pvq bvÕ|70
7. weªwUk †jwLKv †jwW KzK GK wbe‡Ü e‡jb, Ôbi-bvixi Aeva
†gjv‡gkv cyi“liv LyeB cQ›` K‡i| Avi GRb¨ bvixiv cyi“l‡ì
Øviv cÖjyä n‡q Zv‡ì ¯^fve wei“× Kv‡R AvMÖnvwš^Z nq| Aeva
†gjv‡gkvi cwigvY hZ ev‡o, RviR mš—v‡bi msL¨vI ZZB ev‡o|
Avi GLv‡bB i‡q‡Q bvixi me‡P‡q eo wec`Õ|71
8. Awf‡bÎx †gwiwjb g‡b‡iv AvZ¥nZ¨vi c~‡e© wjwLZ GKwU wPwV‡Z
e‡jb, Ôbvixi cÖK…Z myL cweÎ cvwievwiK Rxe‡bB wbwnZ i‡q‡Q|
eis GB cvwievwiK Rxeb bvix Z_v gvbeZviI myL-kvwš—i cÖZxK|
wm‡bgvq Awfbq bvix‡K m¯—v c‡Y¨ cwiYZ K‡i| †m hZB gvb-
gh©v`v I †gwK cÖwmw× jvf Ki“K bv †KbÕ|
9. Av‡gwiKvb Awf‡bÎx evieviv w÷ªqvÛ GK cÖe‡Ü e‡jb, ÔAvwg
Avgvi wkíx Rxeb‡K gvÎvwZwi³ cÖvavb¨ w`‡qwQ Ges GKRb bvix
I gvbex wnmv‡e Rxe‡bi g~j¨ wej¶Y we¯§„Z n‡q †MwQ| GLb G
welqwU Avgv‡K H mKj bvix‡ì Dci Cl©vwš^Z K‡i Zz‡j‡Q hv‡ì
nv‡Z Zv‡ì ¯^vgx I mš—vb‡ì e¨vcv‡i hZœevb nIqvi h‡_ó mgq
Av‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶ ¯^vfvweK cvwievwiK Rxeb †_‡K wew”Qbœ †_‡K
Rxe‡b mdjZv I L¨vwZi †KvbB g~j¨ †bB| KviY cvwievwiK
Rxe‡bB bvix wb‡R‡K bvix wnmv‡e g‡b K‡iÕ|72
69. Bmjvg I cvðvZ¨ mgv‡R bvix, c„t 116|
71. H, c„t 313-14|
72. H, c„t 314-15|
Contents

32 32
10. W. BWvjxb e‡jb, ÔAwfÁZvq GUvB cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h,
AatcwZZ bZzb cÖRb¥‡K AatcZ‡bi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨
bvix‡ì‡K NigyLx KivB GKgvÎ c_Õ|
11. divmx †jwLKv gviqvg n¨vwi gymjgvb bvix‡ì‡K j¶¨ K‡i
e‡jb, ÔwcÖq fwMœMY! †Zvgiv Avgv‡ì BD‡ivcxq bvix‡ì Aeva
¯^vaxbZv †`‡L Cl©v Ki bv Ges Avgv‡ì AbymiY Ki bv| †Zvgiv
Rvb bv †h, `vmZ¡ei‡Yi Kx cwigvY g~j¨ w`‡q Avgiv Avgv‡ì
Kw_Z bvix ¯^vaxbZv‡K µq K‡iwQ| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K ejwQ,
†Zvgiv evox‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki| †Zvgiv ¯¿x I gv n‡q †eu‡P _vK|
cyi“l‡ì mv‡_ mv`„k¨ ¯’vc‡bi Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß
n‡qv bv|73
D‡j−L¨, wnUjvi I gy‡mvwjbx Zv‡ì kvmbKv‡ji †k‡li
w`‡K evoxi evB‡ii KvR †Q‡o w`‡q N‡ivqv Rxe‡b cÖZ¨veZ©bKvix
bvix‡ì‡K cyi®K…Z Kiv ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb|74
12. 1995 mv‡ji †deª“qvix gv‡mi 9 Zvwi‡L gvwK©b cÖwZwbwa
cwil‡ì m`m¨ wbDU wMswMÖP cÖwZwbwa cwil‡` gvwK©bx‡ì ˆbwZK
Ae¶‡qi Dci cÖ`Ë fvl‡Y e‡jb, Ô†h mgv‡R 12 eQi eqmxivI
mš—vb Rb¥ †`q, 15 eQi eqmxiv G‡K Ab¨‡K Lyb K‡i, Avi 18
eQi eqmxiv covïbvq Lvivc A_P wWMÖx cvq- †m mgvR ev mf¨Zv
wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i bvÕ|75
13. Av‡gwiKvb bIgymwjg igYx mviv †evKvi e‡jb, ÔB”Qvq †nvK
Avi Awb”Qvq †nvK bvixiv AvR Zv‡ì fvwm‡q w`‡q‡Q Ô¯^í †cvkvK
bv n‡jB bqÕ GB †k−vMv‡b, hv AvR wewfbœ cÖPvi gva¨‡gi mvnv‡h¨
c„w_exi me©Î †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q| ... wKQzw`b Av‡MI ¯^í †cvkvKB wQj
Avgvi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZxK hv Avgv‡K Ava¨vwZ¥KZv, cÖK…Z mZ¨ I
`vwqZ¡m¤úbœ gvbexq ¸Yvejx †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q †i‡LwQj| ¯^í
†cvkvK, †hŠb Av‡e`bgqx Rxeb Ges wgqvgxi mvD_ weP Avgvi
73. H, c„t 317|
74. H, c„t 315|
Contents

33
Rxe‡b myL Avb‡Z cv‡iwb| Rxe‡b cÖK…Z myL PvB‡j Ges
e¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ gvbyl wnmv‡e Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z n‡j GUv ïay mªóvi
mš‘wó jv‡fi gva¨‡gB m¤¢e| Avi GRb¨B Avwg wbKve MÖnY
K‡iwQ| Avwg Avgvi Abb¨ AwaKvi wbKve MÖnY K‡iB gi‡Z PvB|
eZ©gv‡b wbKve n‡”Q bvix ¯^vaxbZvi GK bZzb cÖZxKÕ|61
BmjvgB GKgvÎ weKí :
cvðv‡Zï GB bviKxq Ae¯’v `„‡ó †mLvbKvi A‡bK wPš—vkxj
e¨w³i we‡e‡Ki `yqvi Ly‡j †h‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| Zviv G‡Ì‡K
DËi‡Yi Rb¨ Bmjvg‡KB GKgvÎ weKí wnmv‡e g‡b Ki‡Q|
H.A.R. Gibb e‡jb, We must wait upon the Islamic
society to restore the balance of western civilization
upset by the one sided nature of the progress. ÔcvðvZ¨
mf¨Zv GK‡`kagx© cÖMwZi Rb¨ †h fvimvg¨ nvwi‡q‡Q, Zv wdwi‡q
Avbvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì‡K Bmjvgx mgvR eë¯’vi gy‡LvgywL n‡ZB
n‡eÕ| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, For the fullest development of its
cultural life, particularly of its spiritual life, Europe can
not do without the forces and capacities that lie within
Islamic society. Ôgymwjg mgv‡Ri Aš—wb©wnZ kw³ I mvg_©¨‡K
ev` w`‡q BD‡ivc Zvi mvs¯‹…wZK we‡kl K‡i Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxe‡bi
Pig DrKl© mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i bvÕ|
GKRb Av‡gwiKvb bIgymwj‡gi Av‡¶c :
cvðv‡Zï bvixiv hLb Aeva bvix ¯^vaxbZvi Db¥Ë †mªv‡Z Mv
fvwm‡q w`‡q Ae‡k‡l K¬vš—-cwikªvš—, Z¨³-wei³ n‡q gyw³i w`kv
wnmv‡e Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ‡K †e‡Q wb‡q Zvi mykxZj QvqvZ‡j
Avkªq MÖnY Ki‡Q, ZLb cÖMwZi †`vnvB †c‡o weagx©‡ì µxob‡K
cwiYZ n‡q gymwjg we‡k¦i bvixiv Aeva bvix ¯^vaxbZvi wRwMi
Zzj‡Q myD”P K‡É| GKRb Av‡gwiKvb bIgymwjg ZvB `ytL K‡i
e‡j‡Qb, ÔGUv GKUv Uª¨v‡RwW †h, Avwg Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ gymwjg
mgv‡Ri Av¯’vnxbZv j¶¨ KiwQ| KviY H mKj †`‡ki RbMY I
Contents

34 34
miKvi Ggb mgq Av‡gwiKv I cvðvZ¨ RM‡Zi AbyKiY Kivi
†Póv Ki‡Q, †h mgq †Lv` Av‡gwiKvbiv I cvðvZ¨ RMZ Zv‡ì
HwZn¨, wek¦vm I ixwZ-bxwZi e¨vcv‡i e¨_©-g‡bvi_| Avie we‡k¦i
†KvwU †KvwU gvbyl hLb myL-mg„w×i Rb¨ Av‡gwiKvi cv‡b †P‡q
Av‡Q ZLb †KvwU †KvwU Av‡gwiKvb RbMY Avkw¼Z n‡”Q †h,
µgvš^‡q Zv‡ì †`k imvZ‡j hv‡”Q| GgbwK A‡bK Av‡gwiKvb
A`~i fwel¨‡Z GB iv‡óªi cZ‡bi Avk¼v Ki‡QÕ|76
cÖMwZi †mªv‡Z fvmgvb bvix :
Avgv‡ì †`‡ki bvixivI cÖMwZi †mªv‡Z Mv fvwm‡q w`‡q we‡`kx
cÖfy‡ì †mev`v‡m cwiYZ n‡q bvix ¯^vaxbZvi RqMvb †M‡q †k−vMvb
Zzj‡Q-
ÔwK‡mi Ni wK‡mi ei
Ni hw` nq gviai
kvK-ïUwK Lve bv
¯^vgxi K_v gvbe bv|
Avgvi †`n Avgvi gb
K_vq †Kb Ab¨Rb
iv‡Zi †eov fvOe
¯^vaxbfv‡e PjeÕ|
G ai‡bi †k−vMvb †Kvb AvZ¥gh©v‡evam¤úbœ gymwjg bvixi gyL w`‡q
Kw¯§bKv‡jI †ei n‡Z cv‡i bv| G †hb cvðv‡Zï †fvMev`x
`k©‡bi bMœ cÖwZaŸwb| A_P cvðvZ¨ `k©‡b bvixi cÖK…Z gh©v`v
msiw¶Z nqwb; eis bvix‡K ïay cyi“‡li ˆRweK Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi
DcKi‡Y cwiYZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov Mf©aviY I mš—vb cÖm‡ei †h
KóKi cÖvK…wZK `vwqZ¡ bvixi Dci Awc©Z n‡q‡Q, Zvi Dci Zv‡K
wb‡Ri RxweKv DcvR©‡bi evowZ KóKi `vwqZ¡I Ac©Y K‡i‡Q| GB
76. kvqL gynv¤§v` web Rvgxj hvqb~, ZvIRxnvZzb BmjvwgBqvn wjBQjvwnj
dviw` Iqvj gyRZvgvÔ (mE`x Avie : IhvivZzk kyEb Avj-BmjvwgBqvn
Iqvj-AvIK¡vd Iqv`-`vIqvn Iqvj-Bikv`, 1418wnt), c„t 183|
Contents

35
`vwqZ¡ Pvcv‡bvi d‡j cwiev‡ii LÊ-weLÊ nIqv I wcZvgvZvi
Z`viwKi AvIZvi evB‡i mš—vb‡ì weKvk-e„w× ¯^fveZB Awbevh©
n‡q I‡V‡Q|77
†fvMev`x `k©b, bv Bmjvgx `k©b :
G¶‡Y Avgv‡ì‡K `yÕwU `k©‡bi ga¨ †_‡K †h †Kvb GKwU‡K †e‡Q
wb‡Z n‡e| nq †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e Bmjv‡gi `k©b‡K, hv bvixi gh©v`v
I m¤£‡gi AZ›`ªcÖnix Ges hv Zv‡K ¯¿x I gv wnmv‡e Zvi mvgvwRK
`vwqZ¡ GKvMÖfv‡e cvjb Kivi my‡hvM †`q| Avi GiB wewbg‡q
mgvR‡K Zvi A_©‰bwZK cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y I Zvi mvwe©K wbivcËv
weav‡b eva¨ K‡i| GRb¨ †m ¯^vgxi Dci wKsev ¯¿xi AvZ¥xq-
¯^R‡bi Dci ¯¿xi I Zvi mš—vb‡ì fiY-†cvl‡Yi fvi Ac©Y K‡i|
G‡Z Zvi Aegvbbv ev Aeg~j¨vq‡bi †Kvb cÖkœB I‡V bv| †Kbbv
bvix gvbe RvwZi †mB me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡i, hv gvbe RvwZi myL-kvwš— I Dbœq‡bi cÖZxK| Avi hw`
Bmjv‡gi `k©b Zvi g‡bvcyZ bv nq Zvn‡j wØZxq †h `k©bwU Zvi
Rb¨ Db¥y³ i‡q‡Q Zv nj cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvi †`qv Roev`x I
†fvMev`x `k©b| G `k©b Zvi ˆRweK `vexi e¨vcv‡i Zvi Dci
K‡Vvi wb‡®úlY I wbcxob Pvjvq Ges ¯¿x I gv wnmv‡e ¯^vfvweK
`vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk Zvi wb‡Ri RxweKv cÖvwß wbwðZ Ki‡Z
K‡Vvi cwikªg Ki‡ZI Zv‡K eva¨ K‡i| Gfv‡e bvix wb‡RI
¶wZMÖ¯— nq, Zvi mš—vbivI ¶wZMÖ¯— nq Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e
cvwievwiK Rxe‡bi w¯’wZkxjZv, msnwZ I myL-mg„w× `vi“Yfv‡e
e¨vnZ nqÕ|78
wbtm‡›`‡n gymjgvbiv Bmjv‡gi kvk¦Z Rxeb`k©b‡K wemR©b w`‡q
cvðv‡Zï †fvMev`x `k©b‡K wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi g‡b Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, $ 0 @#$
Ti9 O
%.q B$
†0
77. Bmjvg I cvðvZ¨ mgv‡R bvix, c„t 113|
78. H, c„t 122|
Contents

36 36
@#W$
MJ#$
9 ?#WD
.z B$

. ÔZ‡e wK Zviv Rvwnjx hy‡Mi wewa-weavb
Kvgbv K‡i? wbwðZ wek¦vmx m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ weavb`v‡b Avj−vn
A‡c¶v †K †kªôZiÕ? (gv‡q`vn 50)|
KziAvwbK weavb cwieZ©‡bi †bc‡_¨ :
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gwnjv I wkï welqK gš¿Yvjq
(Ôcwjwm wjWvikxc GÛ G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm di †RÛvi BKz¨qvwjwUÕ
cÖK‡íi mn‡hvwMZvq) cÖYxZ ÔRvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2008Õ MZ
24†k †deª“qvix ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii Dc‡`óv cwil` Aby‡gv`b
K‡ib Ges cÖavb Dc‡`óv W. dLi“Ïxb Avng` Avš—R©vwZK bvix
wèm Dcj‡¶ XvKvi Imgvbx ¯§„wZ wgjbvqZ‡b 8B gvP©
AvbyôvwbKfv‡e GB bxwZgvjv †NvlYv K‡ib| GB bxwZgvjvi 9.13
Aby‡”Q‡` ejv n‡q‡Q, Ôbvixi ¶gZvq‡bi j‡¶¨ ¯’vei-A¯’vei mg¯—
m¤úwË‡Z bvixi mgvb my‡hvM I wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi †`qv Ges
cÖ‡qvR‡b AvBb cÖYqb KivÕ| GB avivwU KziAvb gvRx‡ì m~iv
wbmvi 11 bs Avqv‡Zi my¯úó jsNb| †`k‡K Bmjvgk~b¨ Kivi
Av‡iKwU cuvqZviv| BwZg‡a¨ Avgiv †`‡LwQ, G miKv‡ii Avg‡j
gnvbex (Qvt)-†K KUv¶ K‡i KvU©yb cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q, Rb¥ wbeÜb
dig I Qwehy³ †fvUvi ZvwjKv Ges RvZxq cwiPqc‡Î †Kvb agx©q
cwiPq ivLv nqwb| GiB avivevwnKZvq Ôbvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi
êlg¨ we‡jvc mb`Õ ev ÔwmWIÕ79
Gi †`vnvB †c‡o cwðgv loh‡š¿i
79. bvix-cyi“‡li ga¨Kvi êlg¨ †jvc K‡i bvix AwaKvi cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨
1979 mv‡ji 18B wW‡m¤î Ôbvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi êlg¨ we‡jvc mb`Õ
(Convention on the Elimination of All forms of
Discrimination Against Women- CEDAW) RvwZmsN mvaviY
cwil‡` M„nxZ nq| 1980 mv‡ji 1jv gvP© mb‡` ¯^v¶i ïi“ nq| 20wU
iv‡óªi Aby‡gv`‡bi ga¨ w`‡q 1981 mv‡ji 3 †m‡Þ¤î mb`wU Kvh©Ki
nq| evsjv‡`k 1984 mv‡ji 6 b‡f¤î KziAvb we‡ivax ÔwmWIÕ Gi 2,
13(K), 16-1(M) I (P) aviv¸‡ji e¨vcv‡i AvcwË Rvwb‡q G mb‡`
¯^v¶i K‡i| eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi 185wU †`k G mb` Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Q|
30wU Aby‡”Q` m¤^wjZ G mb`‡K bvixi Avš—R©vwZK Bill of Rights
bv‡gI AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K (bvix Dbœqb welqK cwÎKv ÔDbœqb
Contents

37
cvZv duv‡` cv w`‡q miKvi KziAvwbK weavb Z_v Bmjv‡gi kvk¦Z
DËivwaKvi AvBb cwieZ©‡bi `ytmvnm †`wL‡q‡Q| A_P ÔwmWIÕ-Gi
A‡bK aviv KziAvb-mybœvn I evsjv‡`k msweavb cwicš’x| †hgb 2
(P) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, To take all appropriate measures,
including legislation to modify or abolish existing laws,
regulations, customs and practices which constitute
discrimination against women. ÔcÖPwjZ †hme AvBb, wewa,
cÖ_v I Af¨vm bvixi cÖwZ êlg¨ m„wó K‡i, †m¸‡jv cwieZ©b A_ev
evwZj Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvBb cÖYqbmn mKj Dchy³ c`‡¶c MÖnY
KivÕ|80
(Q) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, To repeal all national penal
provisions which constitute discrimination against
women. Ô†h me RvZxq `Ê weavb bvixi cÖwZ êlg¨ m„wó K‡i,
†m¸‡jv evwZj KivÕ|81
aviv 16 (weevn I cvwievwiK AvBb)-Gi
(R)-G ejv n‡q‡Q, The same rights for both spouses in
respect of the ownership, acquisition, management,
administration, enjoyment and disposition of property,
whether free of charge or for a valuable consideration.
c`‡¶cÕ, el© 4, msL¨v 11, Rvby-gvP© 98, c„t 46; el© 10, msL¨v 34,
†m‡Þ: Õ04, c„t 18-19; el© 8, msL¨v 27, RyjvB-†m‡Þ: Õ02, c„t 36;
el© 13, msL¨v 5, Ryb 2007, c„t 32)| hwÌ GwU KziAvb I Bmjvgx
cwievi eë¯’vi wei“‡× GKwU Ôbxie UvBg †evgvÕ (ÔcÖ¯—vweZ bvix Dbœqb
bxwZgvjvÕ, m¤úv`Kxq, AvZ-ZvnixK, 14/7 msL¨v, GwcÖj 2011)| G
mb‡` Bmjvg I †`‡ki cÖPwjZ msweavb we‡ivax †ek wKQz aviv _vKvq
A‡bK gymwjg †`k G mb‡` ¯^v¶i †_‡K weiZ _v‡K| A‡b‡K ¯^v¶i
Ki‡jI msweavb I kixÔAvn we‡ivax aviv¸‡jvi Kvh©KvwiZv ¯’wMZ iv‡L|
GgbwK ÔIAvBwmÕ D³ mb‡ì wei“‡× GKvwaKevi †Nvi AvcwË
Rvwb‡q‡Q| cvðv‡Zï †hme DbœZ †`‡ki D‡`¨v‡M bvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi
êlg¨ I wbh©vZb †jvc Kivi gvb‡m G mb` cÖYxZ I Kvh©Ki nq Zv
†mme †`‡k bvix wbh©vZb KZUzKz Kwg‡q‡Q ev bvixi cÖwZ êlg¨ we‡jvc
K‡i‡Q, Zv c~‡e© Dwj−wLZ cwimsL¨vb †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq| myZivs
Ôf~‡Zi gy‡L ivg bvgÕ †ek †egvbvb †V‡K|
80. Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination
against Women (United Nations : 1999), P. 5.
81. Ibid.
Contents

38 38
Ôwebvg~‡j¨ A_ev g~‡jï wewbg‡q m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv, Zv AR©b,
eë¯’vcbv, cwiPvjbv, †fvM I wb®úwËi e¨vcv‡i ¯^vgx-¯¿x Df‡qi
GKB AwaKviÕ|82
ZvQvov Gi Av‡iv A‡bK aviv KziAvb-mybœvn
we‡ivax nIqv m‡Ë¡I weMZ ZË¡veavqK miKvi Aby‡gvw`Z ÔRvZxq
bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2008Õ-G ÔwmWIÕ ev¯—evq‡bi A½xKvi e¨³ K‡i
3.2 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, Ôbvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi êlg¨ we‡jvc mb`
(wmWI) ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY KivÕ| 3.4
avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, Ôwe`¨gvb mKj êlg¨g~jK AvBb we‡jvc Kiv
Ges AvBb cÖYqb I ms¯‹v‡ii j‡¶¨ MwVZ Kwgkb ev KwgwU‡Z
bvix AvBbÁ‡ì AskMÖnY wbwðZ KivÕ|
3.5 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô¯’vbxq ev ivóªxq ch©v‡q †Kvb a‡g©i †Kvb
Abykvm‡bi fyj e¨vL¨vi wfwË‡Z bvix ¯^v‡_©i cwicš’x Ges cÖPwjZ
AvBb we‡ivax †Kvb e³e¨ ev Abyiƒc KvR Kiv ev †Kvb D‡`¨vM bv
†bqvÕ
eive‡ii gZ cwðgv‡ì G‡R›U G‡`‡ki Z_vKw_Z mykxj mgvR,
GbwRI, bvix‡bÎx, bvixev`x msMVb I GK‡kªYxi eyw× †eu‡P LvIqv
Ôeyw×RxexÕiv bvixi mgAwaKv‡ii eywj AvIwo‡q D³ AvBb ev¯—
evq‡bi Rb¨ AvUNvU †eu‡a gv‡V †b‡g c‡o‡Q| GgbwK GB my‡hv‡M
Zviv wewfbœ mfv-mgv‡ek, UK‡kv, †Mvj‡Uwej êV‡K Bmjvg‡K
bvixi mgAwaKvi cÖwZôvi cÖwZeÜK wnmv‡e ùvo Kiv‡bvi m~²
cuvqZviv Pvjv‡”Q| KziAv‡bi weavb‡K Ôe¨vK †W‡UWÕ ev †m‡K‡j
ej‡ZI G‡ì ü`q Kuvc‡Q bv| MZ 19 GwcÖj (2008)
evgcš’x‡ì Av‡qvwRZ GK Av‡jvPbv mfvq bvix‡bÎx nv‡Riv
myjZvbv e‡jb, Ô1400 eQi Av‡Mi AvBb Kv‡qg Ki‡Z †`qv n‡e
bv| ag©vÜ †Mvôxi †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ KwgwU w`‡q bvix bxwZ n‡e bvÕ|
GKB Abyôv‡b evgMYZvwš¿K d«‡›Ui ˆmq` Aveyj gKm~` e‡jb,
Ô†gvj−viv RvwZ‡K AÜKvi hy‡M wb‡q hvIqvi cuvqZviv Ki‡Q| Zviv
BwZg‡a¨ `kfvM gwnjv‡K †eviLv w`‡q †X‡K †d‡j‡QÕ|83
Av‡iK
82. Op. cit. P. 10.
83. BbwKjve, 3 †g 2008, c„t 14|
Contents

39
bvix‡bÎx dwi`v AvLZvi GK cÖe‡Ü wj‡L‡Qb, Ôbvixi mg-
AwaKv‡ii cÖkœ wb‡q GZ fq †Kb? bvix-cyi“‡li g‡a¨ cÖvK…wZK
wfbœZv Av‡Q e‡jB AwaKv‡ii †ejvq Kg‡ekx Ki‡Z n‡e, Ggb
K_v AvRKvj wK Lv‡UÕ?84
G‡ì mv‡_ myi wgwj‡q XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GK Aa¨vcK wj‡L‡Qb, ÔZviv (Av‡jgiv)
bvixcÖMwZi welqwU mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| bvixiv mgv‡R GKwU
¯^vaxb Ae¯’vb MÖnY Ki“b, Zv Zuviv Pvb bv| wKš‘ evsjv‡`k †Zv
cÖMwZi iv¯—vi cv‡k e‡m _vK‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e|
†`‡ki RbmsL¨vi A‡a©K‡K Pvi †`qv‡ji †fZi e›`x †i‡L †mB
GwM‡q hvIqvUv m¤¢e n‡e bvÕ|85
Dwj−wLZ gš—e¨¸‡jv †_‡K G‡ì Avmj D‡Ïk¨ cwi®‹vifv‡e dz‡U
D‡V‡Q| Giv bvix Dbœq‡bi bv‡g bvix‡K Dj½ Ki‡Z e×cwiKi|
cÖMwZi †`vnvB †c‡o bvix‡K cwievi †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i Zv‡K c‡Y¨
cwiYZ Ki‡Z Pvq| cwðgv RMZ fvj K‡iB Rv‡b †h, cÖMwZ, bvix
¯^vaxbZv I mgAwaKv‡ii bv‡g bvix mgvR‡K c_åó Kiv †M‡j
gymwjg mgvR‡K aŸsm Kiv mnR n‡e| g‡Wwjs, d¨vkb †kv,
c‡Y©vMÖvwd, my›ìx cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi bvg K‡i bvix‡K †fv‡Mi mvgMÖx‡Z
cwiYZ Kiv hv‡e| GRb¨ Zviv Zv‡ì ekse` mykxj mgv‡Ri Øviv
bvixi mgAwaKvi Av`v‡qi G‡RÛv ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z `„pcÖwZÁ|
Avm‡j hviv mgAwaKv‡ii eywj AvIovq, Zviv bvix‡ì Zv‡ì
fiY-†cvlY cÖvwßmn eû AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i cyi“‡li mv‡_
A‡_©vcvR©‡bi Amg cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq bvwg‡q w`‡Z Pvq Ges bvixi
Rxeb‡K cyi“‡li Dci AwaKvinxb gh©v`vnxbfv‡e wbf©ikxj K‡i
w`‡Z Pvq| Zviv bvix‡K Av‡iv †ekx c‡Yï e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z
Pvq| bvixi Rxeb‡K cwZZv‡ì gZ Amnvq iƒc w`‡Z Pvq| Gfv‡e
Zviv bvixi gh©v`v‡K f~jywÉZ K‡i Zv‡ì Rxeb Akvwš—gq Kivi
84. dwi`v AvLZvi, Ôbvix Dbœqb bxwZ wb‡q †K wRZj Avi †K nvijÕ? cÖ_g
Av‡jv, 21 GwcÖj 2008, c„t 11|
85. ˆmq` gbRyi“j Bmjvg, Ôbvix Dbœqb bxwZi wei“‡× we‡¶vf †KbÕ, H, 17
gvP© 2008, c„t 10|
Contents

40 40
Pµv‡š— wjß hv‡Z K‡i gymwjg RvwZ we‡k¦ gv_v DuPz K‡i ùvov‡Z bv
cv‡i, Zv‡ì Øviv †Kvb weP¶Y RvwZi Rb¥ bv nq| A_©vr wkï‡ì
¯^vfvweK Rb¥ I gvbwmK weKv‡ki c_ cy‡ivcywi eÜ n‡q hvqÕ|86
cÖm½Z D‡j−L¨ †h, Av‡gwiKvi D‡`¨v‡M 2000 mv‡j wbDBq‡K© GK
wek¦ m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| m‡¤§j‡bi Ab¨Zg welq wQj ÔGKwesk
kZ‡K mgAwaKvi, DbœwZ-AMÖMwZ I kvwš—Õ| G m‡¤§j‡b hyeK-
hyeZx‡ì Aeva †hŠbvPvi, weevn ewnf©~Z m¤úK©, A‰ea Mf©cvZ,
bvix‡K M„n¯’vwj Z¨v‡Mi cÖwZ DØy×KiY, ¯¿xi AwaKvi ni‡Yi
Awf‡hvM Zz‡j ¯^vgx‡K kv‡q¯—v Kivi j‡¶¨ cvwievwiK Av`vjZ
cÖwZôv Kiv, M„n¯’vwj KvR, mš—vb cÖwZcvjb I evevi cwiZ¨³
m¤úwË‡Z bvixi mgAwaKvi cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` e¨vcv‡i wm×vš— M„nxZ
nq| Gm‡ei D‡Ïk¨B n‡”Q gymwjg mgv‡Ri my`„p cvwievwiK
eÜb‡K wQbœwfbœ Kiv| †mKviY GKB mv‡j evnivBb I RW©v‡bi
ivRavbx Av¤§v‡b hy³iv‡óªi ZË¡veav‡b bvix ¯^vaxbZvi bv‡g wewfbœ
msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M `yÕwU m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| m‡¤§jb `yÕwUi
D‡Ïk¨ wQj, mgMÖ gymwjg wek¦‡K cvðv‡Zï H †bvsiv K`h©gq
G‡RÛv ev¯—evq‡b eva¨ Kiv|
†gvÏvK_v, Kw_Z bvix ¯^vaxbZvi bv‡g bvix‡K cwievi †_‡K wew”Qbœ
Kiv, cwiev‡ii wfZ aŸwm‡q †`qv, bvix‡K c‡Y¨ cwiYZ Kiv,
Bmjvg‡K bvix ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZeÜK iƒ‡c Dc¯’vcb K‡i †`k‡K
Bmjvgk~b¨ KivB †h bvix bxwZ cÖYq‡bi †bc_¨ KviY, m‡PZb
†`kevmx‡K Zv Avi †Pv‡L Av½yj w`‡q †`wL‡q w`‡Z n‡e bv|
GK Rv‡n‡ji Ace¨vL¨v :
MZ 22 GwcÖj 2008 we‡K‡j RvZxq †cÖmK¬v‡ei wfAvBwc jvD‡Ä
ÔBmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2008Õ kxl©K
†Mvj‡Uwej êV‡K R‰bK nv‡dh gvIjvbv wRqvDj nvmvb e‡jb,
Ôbvixi DËivwaKvi m¤úwË‡Z fvB‡qi A‡a©‡Ki K_v ejv n‡jI Gi
AwaK †Ìqvi †¶‡Î †KviAv‡bi †Kvb wewawb‡la †bB| GKB gv-
86. BbwKjve, 20 gvP© 2008, c„t 14|
Contents

41
evevi N‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡i †evbwU hLb cig AvZ¥xq‡ì †Q‡o mviv
Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ¯^vgxi N‡i P‡j hvq, ZLb GKB gv‡qi M‡f©i fvB
†evb‡K DËivwaKvi m¤úwË‡Z mgvb mgvb m¤úwË w`‡q w`‡j
fvB‡qi gh©v`v e„w× cvIqv Qvov K‡g bv, eis †ekx w`‡j Gi
gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi †kªôZ¡-†mŠ›`h© AviI e„w× cvqÕ|87
KziAv‡bi
weav‡bi Giƒc gbMov Ace¨vL¨v BwZc~‡e© †KD K‡i‡Qb e‡j
Avgv‡ì Rvbv †bB| KziAvb gvRx‡` †hLv‡b ¯úófv‡e bvixi wØ¸Y
m¤ú` cyi“l cv‡e e‡j †NvlYv †`qv n‡q‡Q, DËivwaKvi AvBb‡K
ÔAvj−vni wba©vwiZ mxgvÕ e‡j D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges G weav‡bi
mxgvjsNbKvix‡ì‡K Rvnvbœvgx ejv n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b Giƒc e³e¨
Pig g~L©Zvi cwiPvqK| mvgvb¨ ¯^v‡_©i Rb¨ wb‡R‡K wewK‡q †`qv
Giƒc Av‡jg bvgavix K‚cgÊK e¨w³‡ì e³e¨ RvwZ‡K AÜKv‡ii
w`‡K wb‡q hv‡e| G‡ì †_‡K mveavb| G RvZxq ¯^v_©ci †jvK‡ì
†¶‡Î wgm‡ii Kwe Avngv` kvIKx h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb-
.zA ( ?Ÿ70

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Ô†n cvVKeM©! †Zvgiv Aek¨B cÖ‡Z¨K RvqMvq AvnŸvbKvix‡K
(fÊbex) gymvBjvgv Kvhhve A_ev mvRvn-Gi w`‡K (A_©vr åvš—
c‡_) AvnŸvb Ki‡Z ïb‡e| †Zvgiv Aek¨B Aek¨B cÖ‡Z¨K f~L‡Ê
wdZbv-dvmv` cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡e, †hLv‡b `qv-`vw¶‡Yï wewbg‡q Øxb
†Kbv‡ePv n‡eÕ|88
87. cÖ_g Av‡jv, 23 GwcÖj 2008, c„t 20, Kjvg 4-5|
88. Avngv` kvIKx, Avk-kvIwKq¨vZ (êiƒZ : `vi“j wKZve Avj-Avivex,
Zv.we), 1g LÊ, c„t 109, ÔwLjvdvZzj BmjvgÕ kxl©K KweZv `ª.|
Contents

42 42
Dcmsnvi
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, Bmjv‡gi wewa-weavb hy‡MvËxY©, Kv‡jvËxY©|
bvixi DËivwaKv‡ii e¨vcv‡i KziAv‡bi weavb P~ovš—, Aåvš—| G
weav‡bi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgv‡bi Cgvbx `vwqZ¡|
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Contents

43
wd‡i hvIqv Qvov Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| KziAv‡bi QvqvZ‡j cÖwZfvZ
n‡q‡Q †h, Avj−vni w`‡K wd‡i hvIqvi GKwU gvÎ iƒc I c_
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Rv‡nwjqvZ gvbyl‡K Avj−vn e¨ZxZ cÖe„wËc~Rvq cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡iÕ|89
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89. dx whjvwjj KziAvb 1/19|
Contents

44 44
K‡i‡Qb Zvi Zzjbv nq bv| ZvB‡Zv gvigvwWDK wcK_j Zuvi
Culture Side bvgK MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, The prophet of Islam is
the greatest feminist the world has ever known, from the
lowest degradation the uplifted woman to a position
beyond which she can go only in theory.
gbxlx Pierre Crabites e‡j‡Qb, Muhammad was the
greatest champion of women's right the world has ever
seen. Islam has conferred upon the Muslim wife
properly rights and Juridical status exactly the same as
that of her husband. Ôgynv¤§v` (Qvt)-B bvix AwaKvi cÖ`v‡bi
†¶‡Î m¤¢eZ we‡k¦i †kªôZg e¨w³Z¡, hvi `„óvš— Ab¨Î Luy‡R cvIqv
hv‡e bv| Bmjvg gymwjg ¯¿x‡K wVK Zvi ¯^vgxi b¨vq m¤úwË‡Z
b¨vh¨ AwaKvi I AvBbMZ gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i‡QÕ|
myZivs bvix ¯^vaxbZvi bv‡g cvðv‡Z¨ bvixi bvixZ¡‡K †hfv‡e UzwU
†P‡c nZ¨v K‡i Zv‡K †fv‡Mi m¯—v c‡Y¨ cwiYZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv
†_‡K Avgv‡ì‡K wk¶v wb‡Z n‡e| Z_vKw_Z Rbwew”Qbœ ÔKwZ©Z
bLÕ bvix‡bÎx‡ì ÔKvb wb‡q‡Q wP‡jÕ iƒcx †k−vMv‡b cÖjyä n‡q
wb‡Ri Kv‡b nvZ bv w`‡qB wP‡ji wcQ‡b †ùŠov‡bv †_‡K bvix
mgvR‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| KziAvb gvRx‡` bvix‡K †h cwigvY
gxivQ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi cÖvwß wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY
Avgv‡ì mgv‡R A‡bK mgq bvixi b¨vh¨ cÖvc¨ gxiv‡Qi AskUzKzI
cÖ`vb Kiv nq bv| mgvR weaŸsmx gvBb †h †hŠZz‡Ki Kvi‡Y
Avgv‡ì †`‡k 50% gwnjv wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq,90
Zvi wei“‡×
mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| Zmwjgv bvmix‡bi gZ
ÔNinxb einxb wVKvbvnxbÕ hvhve‡ii Rxeb Zvjvk bv K‡i
cvwievwiK eÜb‡K my`„p Ki‡Z n‡e| mgvRZvwË¡K‡ì cwifvlvq
Ôwk¶vi cÖvPxbZg cÖwZôvbÕ cwievi‡K Ki‡Z n‡e MwZkxj, Av`k©
gvbyl Movi KviLvbv| Z‡eB myL-kvwš— Avi Kj¨v‡Yi dêyaviv
cÖevwnZ n‡e G‡`‡ki †mvbvdjv gvwU‡Z| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì mnvq
†nŠb! Avgxb!!
90. Ô†hŠZzK : GKwU we‡k−lYx cÖwZ‡e`bÕ, ÔKg©Rxex bvixÕ, Rvbyqvix 2005, c„t 15|
Contents

45
cwiwkó-1
Bmjv‡g bvix wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡
wk¶vi cÖwZ Bmjvg a‡g© hZ ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ab¨ †Kvb
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gva¨‡g mn‡RB Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, Bmjv‡g wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡
KZUzKz| Avj−vn PvB‡j cÖ_g Anx Bmjv‡gi Ab¨ †h‡Kvb wel‡q
AeZxY© Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb, wKš‘ wZwb Zv bv K‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K
wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡ Dcjwä Kiv‡bvi gva¨‡g wek¦evmx‡K wk¶vi Av‡jvq
Av‡jvwKZ nIqvi cqMvg †cuŠwQ‡q †`qvi wbwg‡Ë wk¶v msµvš—
wel‡q cÖ_g Anx AeZxY© K‡i‡Qb|
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nj, Bmjvg we`¨vR©b‡K gvbexq cÖ‡qvRb MY¨ Ki‡Q| GUv Ggb
GKUv mg‡q hLb †MvUv wek¦RMZ AÁZv I AÜKv‡ii Mvo
Contents

46 46
Agvwbkvq Av”Qvw`Z wQj| Bmjvg wbw`©ó †Kvb †Mvôxi Rb¨ bq;
eis cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i Rb¨ wk¶v‡K Acwinvh© K‡i‡Q| d‡j j¶ j¶
gvby‡li Rb¨ wk¶vi AwaKvi‡K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| eis
Bmjv‡gi wbqg Abyhvqx wk¶v‡K dih Ges Avj−vni cÖwZ Cgv‡bi
Ab¨Zg ¯—¤¢ MY¨ K‡i‡Q| ZvB Bmjvg GRb¨ Me©‡eva Ki‡Z cv‡i
†h, BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv bvix‡ì‡K †m gvbe mËv wnmv‡e
we‡ePbv K‡i‡Q| wkw¶Zv bv nIqv ch©š— Zvi gvbe‡Z¡i Dcv`vb
c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i bv| G‡¶‡Î bvix-cyi“‡li e¨vcviUv mgvb mgvb|
ZvB Bmjvg bvixi Dc‡i we`¨vR©b‡K dih MY¨ K‡i‡Q, †hgb
cyi“l‡ì Dci Zv dih| Bmjvg bvix‡K Áv‡bi gva¨‡g DbœZ
nIqvi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Q| †hgbfv‡e †m kvixwiK I gvbwmK w`K
†_‡K DbœwZ jvf Ki‡e| c¶vš—‡i BD‡ivc wbKU AZxZ ch©š—
bvixi wk¶v jv‡fi AwaKvi cÖ`vb Ki‡Z A¯^xK„wZ Ávcb Ki‡Z
_v‡K| (cieZ©x‡Z) Ae¯’vi Pv‡c c‡oB Zviv Zv‡ì‡K G AwaKvi
cÖ`vb K‡i‡QÕ|91
Rv‡njx mgv‡R gwnjv‡ì †Kvb mvgvwRK gh©v`v I wk¶vi AwaKvi
wQj bv| The New Encyclopaedia Britannica-†Z ejv
n‡q‡Q- Woman's status had degenerated to that of child
bearing slaves. Wives were secluded in their homes, had
no education and few rights, and were considered by
their husbands on better than chattel. Ô†m mgv‡R bvix‡ì
¯’vb GZ AatcwZZ wQj †h, Zv‡ì mš—vbiv Zv‡ì‡K `v‡m cwiYZ
KiZ| bvixiv wbR M„‡nB wQj wbe©vwmZ| ¯¿x‡ì wk¶vi ev Ab¨
wel‡qi mvgvb¨Zg AwaKviI wQj bv| Zv‡ì ¯^vgx KZ©„K Zviv
A¯’vei m¤úwË ê wKQzB MY¨ nZ bvÕ|92
†m hy‡M cÖev` wQj-
Woman are the whips of Satan. Ôbvix nj kqZv‡bi PveyKÕ|
Trust neither a king, a horse nor a woman. ÔivRv, †Nvov ev
bvix KvD‡KB wek¦vm Kiv hvq bvÕ|
91. gynv¤§v` KzZze, ïeynvZ nvIjvj Bmjvg (Kvq‡iv : `vi“k ïiƒK, 22Zg
ms¯‹iY, 1418 wnt/1997 wLªt), c„t 114-115|
92. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica (USA: 1995), Vol. 19, P. 909.
Contents

47
Bmjvg bvix‡K mvgvwRK gh©v`v w`‡q‡Q| W. BDmyd Avj-Kvihvfx
e‡jb, With the advent of Islam, circumstances improved
for the woman. The woman's dignity and humanity were
restored. Islam confirmed her capacity to carry out
Allah's commands, her responsibilities and observation
of the commands that lead to heaven. Islam considered
the woman as a worthy human being, with a share in
humanity equal to that of the man. Both are two branches
of a single tree and two children from the same father
Adam and mother Eve. Their single origin, their general
human traits, their responsibility for the observation of
religious duties with the consequent reward or
punishment, and the unity of their destiny all bear
witness to their equality from the Islamic point of view.
ÔBmjv‡gi Avwef©v‡ei m‡½ m‡½ bvix‡ì cwiw¯’wZi DbœwZ nq|
bvixi m¤§vb Ges gvbeZv c~Y© cÖwZwôZ nq| Avj−vni Av‡`k, Zvi
`vwqZ¡ Ges Avj−vni Av‡`k cvj‡bi †¶‡Î- hv Zv‡K Rvbœv‡Z wb‡q
hvq, bvixi †hvM¨Zv‡K Bmjvg cybtwbwðZ K‡i| Bmjvg bvix‡K
†hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ gvbyl g‡b K‡i Ges gvbweKZvq Zvi Ask cyi“‡li
gZ mgvb g‡b K‡i| Zviv `yÕRb GKB e„‡¶i `yÕwU kvLv Ges GKB
wcZv Av`g I gvZv nvIqvi `yB mš—vb| Zviv GKB Drm, Zv‡ì
GKB ai‡bi gvbweK ¸Yvejx, Bmjvgx weavbvejx cvj‡b Zv‡ì
GKB ai‡bi `vwqZ¡| hvi dj¯îƒc cyi¯‹vi ev kvw¯— †c‡q _v‡K|
Zv‡ì GKB cwiYwZ Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z Zv‡ì mgZv cÖgvY K‡iÕ|93
Bmjvg bvix-cyi“l Dfq‡K wk¶v AR©‡bi Av‡`k w`‡q e‡j‡Q,
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AR©b Kiv dihÕ|94
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eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
93. kvn Ave`yj nvbœvb, bvix I ev¯—eZv (XvKv : G¨vWb© cvewj‡Kkb, 2002),
c„t 16-17|
94. Beby gvRvn nv/223, mb` Qnxn|
Contents

48 48
wk¶vi †¶‡Î bvix-cyi“‡li Kv‡iv Dci KvD‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv nqwb|
gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, .WiA W -2Œ9 .
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evYx- Ôco †Zvgvi cÖfyi bv‡g, whwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb| m„wó K‡i‡Qb
gvbyl‡K AvjvK ev RgvU i³ †_‡K| co, Avi †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK
Contents

49
gnvm¤§vwbZ| whwb Kj‡gi mvnv‡h¨ wk¶v w`‡q‡QbÕ (AvjvK¡ 96/1-
4)| GwU Ab¨vb¨ mKj †bg‡Zi g‡Zv, hvi gva¨‡g Avj−vn gvby‡li
cÖwZ AbyMÖn K‡i‡Qb Ges †hUv Zuvi AvbyM‡Z¨ eënvi Kiv‡K wZwb
Zv‡ì wbKU †_‡K Kvgbv K‡i‡Qb| hw` gvby‡li g‡a¨ Ggb KvD‡K
cvIqv hvq †h †mUv‡K Avj−vni mš‘wó e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡R eënvi
K‡i, Zvn‡j Gi d‡j †mUv Avj−vni †bÔgZ †_‡K †ewi‡q hv‡e bv|
†hgb `„wókw³, kªeYkw³, evKkw³ cÖf„wZ †bÔgZ| AbyiƒcB nj
†jLvcovi welqwU| myZivs wcZv‡ì Rb¨ Zv‡ì †g‡q‡ì‡K
cov‡jLv †kLv‡bv †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv DwPZ bq| Z‡e kZ© nj
Bmjvgx Pwi‡Îi Dci Zv‡ì‡K M‡o †Zvjvi e¨vcv‡i ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb
Kiv| †hgbUv Zv‡ì cyÎ mš—vb‡ìI †¶‡Î Zv‡ì Dci IqvwRe|
†Q‡j-†g‡qi g‡a¨ G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB|
G e¨vcv‡i g~jbxwZ nj, hv wKQz cyÎ mš—v‡bi Rb¨ IqvwRe Zv Kb¨v
mš—v‡bi RbÏ IqvwRe| hv Zv‡ì Rb¨ Rv‡qh Zv Kb¨v‡ì RbÏ
Rv‡qh| G‡Z †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| †hgb Gw`‡K Bw½Z K‡i
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Zv‡ì gv‡S cv_©K¨ Kiv hv‡e bv, hv Zvi cÖwZ wb‡`©k K‡i| Avi
Avgiv †h welqwU Av‡jvPbv KiwQ Zv‡Z Zv †bB| eis ÔbQÕ Zvi
wecix‡Z Ges g~jbxwZi AbyK‚‡j| Avi †mUv nj GB Qnxn
nv`xQwU| myZivs GwU MÖnY K‡iv| Gi weKí‡Z mš‘ó n‡qv bvÕ|96
wk¶vi †¶‡Î Bmjv‡g bvix-cyi“‡li g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ bv _vKvi KviY
nj, Ávb Av‡jv m`„k, hvi ms¯ú‡k© Avmv gvÎB g~L©Zv I åóZvi
AÜKvi we`~wiZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges gvby‡li mycÖe„wËi D‡b¥l N‡U|
`vk©wbK m‡µwUm ZvB‡Zv e‡j‡Qb, From Knowledge come
virtue and goodness; from ignorance comes all that is
95. Avey`vE` nv/236, ÔcweÎZvÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-95; `v‡igx nv/764|
96. wmjwmjv Qnxnv nv/178 bs nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbv `ª.; Avãyj jZxd web
Avngv`, byhygyj dvivB` wg¤§v dx wmjwmjvZvBj Avjevbx wgb dvIqvB`
(wiqv` : gvKZvevZyj gvÔAvwid, 1g cÖKvk, 1420 wnt/1999 wLªt), 2/21|
Contents

50 50
evil. No man willingly chooses what is evil; he does evil
out of ignorance. ÔÁvb ev wk¶v †_‡KB Av‡m cyY¨ Ges
Kj¨vY; AÁZv †_‡K Av‡m hv wKQz cvc| †Kvb e¨w³B †¯^”Qvq hv
wKQz Lvivc Zv cQ›` K‡i bv; †m cvc K‡i AÁZvi Kvi‡YÕ|
wk¶v Qvov †Kvb mgvR DbœwZ-AMÖMwZi D”Pvm‡b AwawôZ n‡Z
cv‡i bv| bvix-cyi“l Df‡qi mgš^‡qB mgvR| †Kvb RvwZ ev ag©
mgv‡Ri ïay bvix ev cyi“l‡K wkw¶Z K‡i M‡o Zz‡j KL‡bv
mdjKvg n‡Z cv‡i bv| †mRb¨ Bmjvg bvix-cyi“l Df‡qi Rb¨B
ÁvbvR©‡bi c_‡K myMg K‡i‡Q| hv‡Z gymwjg mgvR mew`K †_‡K
Ab¨‡ì Rb¨ g‡Wj n‡Z cv‡i, DbœwZ I AMÖMwZi D”Pk„‡½
Av‡ivnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges agx©q I êlwqK e¨vcv‡i †KD Zvi
mgK¶ bv n‡Z cv‡i|
GZ`m‡Ë¡I GK‡kªYxi Ávbcvcx wb‡R‡ì †Pv‡L c¶cvwZZ¡,
†Muvovgx, msKxY© `„wó I kÎ“Zvi i½xb Pkgv c‡i Bmjv‡gi c~Z-
cweÎ Aeq‡e Kjs‡Ki Kvwjgv †jc‡bi e¨_© cÖqvm Pvwj‡q e‡j †h,
Bmjvg bvix‡K Pvi †`qv‡ji g‡a¨ Ave× K‡i †i‡L‡Q| Zv‡ì‡K
wk¶vi AwaKvi †`qwb... BZ¨vw`| Zv‡ì G ai‡bi D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z
Acev` †_‡K Bmjvg m`¨ f~wgô mš—v‡bi b¨vq wb®úvc-wb®‹j¼|
Bmjvg KL‡bvB G ai‡bi wPš—v-†PZbv †cvlY K‡i bv| cÖL¨vZ
wmixq Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`, ÔAvm-mybœvn Iqv gvKvbvZznv wdZ-ZvkixCj
BmjvgxÕ (Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z mybœvni ¯’vb) kxl©K Ag~j¨ M‡elYv
MÖ‡š’i †jLK W. gy¯—vdv Avm-wmevC (1915-1964 wLªt) h_v_©B
e‡j‡Qb, Z8X @0 F0g -A ¬ ^†~ / ) ™
ÔKziAvb I nv`x‡Q Ggb †Kvb Qnxn `jxj †bB, hv bvixi wk¶v MÖnY
wbwl× K‡iÕ|97
Avey eKi web myjvBgvb web Avex nvQgvn Avj-Kzivkx (int) n‡Z
ewY©Z, @0
r+7
7.Ud
H+„
)
RO›
e/
@0
C.j2
HM
/iA
97. W. gymZvdv Avm-wmevC, Avj-gviAvZz evqbvj wdKn Iqvj Kvb~b (êiƒZ
: `vi“j Iqvi©vK, 7g ms¯‹iY, 1420 wnt/1999 wLªt), c„t 133|
Contents

51

vJX

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:
O.8B
. ÔGKRb AvbQvix e¨w³i
dzmKzwo †ei nj| Zv‡K Rvbv‡bv nj †h, wkdv web‡Z Avãyj−vn
dzmKzwoi SvoduyK K‡i| AZtci wZwb Zuvi Kv‡Q G‡m SvoduyK
Kivi Av‡e`b Ki‡j wZwb e‡jb, Avj−vni Kmg! Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi
ci †_‡K (A`¨vewa) Avwg SvoduyK Kwiwb| (GK_v kªeY K‡i)
AvbQvix e¨w³ bex (Qvt)-Gi wbKU wM‡q wkdvi e³e¨ Rvbvj|
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wkdv‡K †W‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg Avgvi wbKU †ck Ki|
d‡j Avwg Zuvi wbKU dzmKzwoi SvoduyK †ck Kijvg| wZwb
ej‡jb, Zzwg Zv‡K SvoduyK K‡iv Ges nvdQv‡K Zv wkwL‡q `vI|
†hgbfv‡e Zywg Zv‡K wjLv †kLvI|98
kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, °FS /—# ‰9/m Q
)
.*M
(
O.8B F0g ZX OA2
. ÔG nv`x‡Q A‡bK dv‡q`v i‡q‡Q|
Zb¥‡a¨ GKwU nj, bvix‡`i‡K †jLv †kLv‡bv kixÔAvZm¤§Z
nIqvÕ|99
wkdv web‡Z Avãyj−vn †_‡K ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, „(

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=7

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. ÔAvwg nvdQv (ivt)-Gi Kv‡Q wQjvg,
ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡m ej‡jb, Zzwg G‡K †hfv‡e
†jLv wkwL‡qQ, †Zgbfv‡e dzmKzwoi SvoduyKI wkLvI bv †KbÕ?100
98. wmjwmjv Qnxnv nv/178|
99. wmjwmjv Qnxnv nv/178-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ª.; byhygyj dvivB` 2/19|
100. Avey`vE` nv/3887, ÔwPwKrmvÕ Aa¨vq, ÔSvoduyKÕ Aby‡”Q`-18, nv`xQ Qnxn|
Contents

52 52
cÖm½Z D‡j−L¨ †h, Avey`vE‡ì wek¦e‡iY¨ fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv
Avhxgvev`x e‡jb, O M
:
•9 RKMP Q “´ ¡J
RS ¯
)A :/X O M @ ).B Q ™¬ )i.~
ZX
)k
.
Sj8 #% %
^†U ™ #% R% S˜ @„¹ /J RO M ^†U
.
ÔAvb-bvgjv nj Ggb GKwU ¶Z (†QvU †dvov), hv cvk¦©‡`‡k †ei
nq| Lye e¨_v K‡i| hvi kix‡i GwU †ei nq †m H ¯’v‡b Ggb
Abyfe K‡i †hb wccouv †mLv‡b †nu‡U †eov‡”Q I Zv‡K Kvgov‡”Q|
GwUB Avb-bvgjvi mwVK e¨vL¨v| Abïv Ab¨wKQz e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb|
†mUv mwVK bqÕ|101
Avhxgvev`x e‡jb, ( ) ‰9/m
-A
ZX [#+
O.8B C.M
.
Ônv`xQwUi g‡a¨ gwnjv‡ì †jLv (cov) †kLv‡bv Rv‡q‡hi `jxj
i‡q‡QÕ|102
Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqv (int) ÔgybZvKvj AvLeviÕ MÖ‡š’
e‡jb, O.8B C.M ZX [#+ -A ( #%
. ÔG nv`xQ bvix‡ì
†jLv‡jwL †kLv Rv‡qh nIqvi `jxjÕ|103
Av‡qkv web‡Z Zvjnv (ivt) e‡jb,
$
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101. kvgmyj nK Avhxgvev`x, DK‚`yj Rygvb dx RvIqvwh ZvÔjxwgj wKZvevwZ
wjb-wbmIqvb (`v‡gkK : Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1g cÖKvk, 1381
wnt/1961 wLªt), c„t 9|
102. AvIbyj gvÔe~` (êiƒZ : `vi“j KzZye Avj-Bjwgq¨vn, 1410 wnt/1990
wLªt), 10/267|
103. Bgvg kvIKvbx, bvqjyj AvIZvi (êiƒZ : `vi“j wKZvwej Avivex,
1420 wnt/2000 wLªt), 5g LÊ, c„t 296|
Contents

53
ÔAvwg Av‡qkv (ivt)-†K ejjvg- Avi Avwg Zvi †Kv‡j cÖwZcvwjZ
n‡qwQjvg| cÖ‡Z¨K †`k n‡Z †jvKRb Zvi wbKU mv¶vr Ki‡Z
AvmZ| Avgv‡K wZwb AZ¨š— †mœn Ki‡Zb weavq e‡qv‡R¨ôMY
Avgvi wbKU evievi Avm‡Zb| Avi Zi“Yiv Avgvi mÜvb KiZ|
Zviv Avgvi Rb¨ Dc‡XŠKb cvVvZ Ges `~i-`~ivš— †_‡K Avgvi
Kv‡Q cÎ wjLZ| ZLb Avwg Av‡qkv (ivt)-†K ejZvg, Lvjv! GUv
Agy‡Ki wPwV I nvw`qv| ZLb Av‡qkv Avgv‡K ej‡Zb, †ewU! Zzwg
Zvi c‡Îi Reve `vI Ges Dcnv‡ii cÖwZ`vb `vI| hw` †Zvgvi
wbKU cÖwZ`vb †`qvi g‡Zv wKQz bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Avwg †Zvgv‡K
wè| web‡Z Zvjnv e‡jb, wZwb Avgv‡K Zv cÖ`vb Ki‡ZbÕ|104
Avj−vgv kvgmyj nK Avhxgvev`x e‡jb, 97#W8 K8 ‚+9
wWZ RUZ C. A *A Ÿ8Z9 ¯ R»8B9 C.M @0 /h
W Z Z €.i.~ €.iX.B C.M
. Ô†h e¨w³ BwZnv‡mi
MÖš’vejx ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡e †m †`L‡Z cv‡e †h, gwnjviv cÎ wjLZ|
mgKvjxb Av‡jgMY Zv‡ì wei“‡× Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡ibwb| eis
KwZcq gwnjv †jwLKv Bjg I Avg‡ji AwaKvix wQ‡jbÕ|105
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, @ iJ .%.3 © ‰9(.d HiN /D
@. RO.8B A HM OUj ”M•g 0 H A /iA HM C.j2
r FrU )A e#= UA /Z Rt3 A .] 7 e#=7
Q
O.8 7#UZ Q t R”Z’0 *A @#]7 O.†U /*A
O.8B Š` Oi.~ C.M H.
. ÔBwZc~‡e© Avgv‡ì D‡j−wLZ
nv`xQmg~n Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, wkdv web‡Z Avãyj−vn D¤§yj
104. Bgvg eyLvix, Avj-Av`veyj gydiv`, ZvnKxK : kvqL Avjevbx (mE`x
Avie : `vi“Q wQÏxK, 1g cÖKvk, 1419 wnt/1999 wLªt), c„t 406,
nv/1118, Ôgwnjv‡ì mv‡_ cÎ wewbgqÕ Aby‡”Q`|
105. DK‚`yj Rygvb, c„t 16|
Contents

54 54
gywgbxb nvdQv web‡Z Igi (ivt)-†K †jLv wk¶v w`‡qwQ‡jb| Avi
ivm~j (Qvt) G e¨vcv‡i m¤§Z wQ‡jb| ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi cieZ©x hy‡M,
Qvnvex‡ì hy‡M Ges cieZ©x hyM mg~‡n gwnjviv my›ì n¯—wjwci
AwaKvix wQ‡jbÕ|106
bvix wk¶vi e¨vcv‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) AZ¨š— mRvM wQ‡jb| wZwb
Zv‡ì‡K wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ mßv‡n GKw`b wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb|
Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb †h, 1
-i
M G
C.1
M H.J
tWj .z#9 .M Z+. R
e.+1
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= )A G
-
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%/A#
5 ÔGKw`b gwnjviv
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ejj, cyi“‡liv Avgv‡ì Dc‡i Rqjvf K‡i
hv‡”Q (A_©vr Avcbvi nv`xQ me cyi“‡liv wk‡L wb‡”Q)| myZivs
Avcwb Avgv‡ì‡K wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU w`b wba©viY K‡i w`b|
ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡ì Rb¨ GKwU w`‡bi Iqv`v K‡ib| †mw`b wZwb
Zv‡ì mv‡_ mv¶vZ K‡i Zv‡ì‡K Dc‡`k I Av‡`k w`‡ZbÕ|107
Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,
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106. DK‚`yj Rygvb, c„t 17|
107. eyLvix nv/101 ÔBjgÕ Aa¨vq, Ôgwnjv‡ì Ávb jv‡fi Rb¨ c„_Kfv‡e
†Kvb GKw`b avh© Kiv hv‡e wK-bvÕ Aby‡”Q`|
Contents

55
ÔGKRb gwnjv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡Q G‡m ejj, †n Avj−vni
ivm~j! Avcbvi nv`xQ †Zv ïay cyi“‡liv wk‡L †bq| myZivs Avcwb
Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Avcbvi c¶ †_‡K GKwU w`b avh© K‡i w`b, †hw`b
Avgiv Avcbvi Kv‡Q Avme| Avj−vn Avcbv‡K hv wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb Zv
†_‡K Avcwb Avgv‡ì wkLv‡eb| wZwb ej‡jb, †Zvgiv AgyK AgyK
w`b AgyK AgyK ¯’v‡b GKwÎZ n‡e| AZtci Zviv GKwÎZ n‡j
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zv‡ì wbKU G‡m Avj−vn Zv‡K hv wkwL‡q‡Qb Zv
†_‡K Zv‡ì‡K wkwL‡q w`‡jb| AZtci wZwb ej‡jb, †Zvgv‡ì
g‡a¨ †Kvb gwnjvi hw` wZbwU mš—vb g„ZzëiY K‡i Zvn‡j Zviv
Zvi Rb¨ Rvnvbœv‡g hvIqvi cÖwZeÜK n‡e| (GK_v kªeY K‡i)
Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi GKRb gwnjv ejj, †n Avj−vni ivm~j! hw` `yÕRb
nq? eY©bvKvix e‡jb, gwnjv K_vwU `yÕevi ejj| ZLb ivm~j (Qvt)
ej‡jb, `yÕRb n‡jI (wZbevi)Õ|108
nv‡dh Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (int) e‡jb, @. . ‰9/m ¢
9/ 7#0 ZX -A ¼m O.†U C. )A
. Ônv`xQwU‡Z
Qvnvex‡ì ¯¿x‡ì Øx‡bi welq mg~‡n ÁvbvR©‡bi AvMÖ‡ni cÖgvY
i‡q‡QÕ|109
AvaywbK M‡elK Avãyj nvjxg Avey ï°vn e‡j‡Qb, .D
‰9(.0 .¥ ¢ e.+ O7.2‘ ”j8B9 ¯ °C.M ª. ¼ )4
‰9/ £ @#B9 @0 @(7 /qg Q = )A -~ e#=
% -A £ = )A -~ e#= 9DX )4 R ³ ¼.„
R¼m
C.M KYg OZ9= O« O.q8=
. ÔmwZ¨B GUv
gwnjv‡ì Pig AvMÖ‡ni ewntcÖKvk| Zviv gmwR‡` cyi“l‡ì mv‡_
ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi nv`xQ kªeY Kiv‡K h‡_ó g‡b K‡iwb| ZvB
Zv‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl Av‡jvPbvi Zviv B”Qv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| AZtci
108. eyLvix nv/7310; gymwjg nv/2633 ÔmØënvi, AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© i¶v
Kiv I wkóvPviÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-47|
109. Avãyj nvjxg gynv¤§v` Avey ï°vn, Zvnixi“j gviAvn dx AvQwii wimvjvn
(Kz‡qZ : `vi“j Kjg, 5g ms¯‹iY, 1420 wnt/1999 wLªt), 1g LÊ, c„t 171|
Contents

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