Work Study A to z

gwWDj-3
cÖWvK…kb cÖ‡mm
gwWD‡ji D‡Ïk¨ t GB gwWDj †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY ;
· IqvK© ÷vwW, †g_W ÷vwW I IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U m¤^‡Ü Ávb jvf Ki‡eb;
· e¨w³, jvBb ev GKwU d¨v±ixi cÖWvKwUwfwU, Bwdwm‡qwÝ I cvidi‡gÝ m¤^‡Ü
Ávb jvf Ki‡eb;
· Gm.Gg.wf I †gwkb †j-AvDU m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡eb;
· cvidi‡gÝ gwbUwis c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
· wdwbwks I c¨vwKs wefvM m¤^‡Ü Ávb jvf Ki‡eb|
wk¶Yxq welq/jviwbs BDwbUmg~nt
1. IqvK© ÷vwW
2. ‡g_W ÷vwW
3. IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U
4. cvidi‡gÝ gwbUwis Ab `¨ †d¬vi
5. ‡cv÷ cÖWvKkb cÖ‡mm (wdwbwks, c¨vwKs I KvU©wbs)
cÖwk¶Y c×wZ mg~n:
1) e³…Zv
2) Av‡jvPbv
3) ‡eªBb÷iwgs
4) cÖ‡koevËi
5) wfwWI cÖ`k©b
6) MÖ“c IqvK© BZ¨vw`
cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvgvw`:
Gj. wm. Gg. AvB. gwWDj-3
1

cÖwk¶K MvBW/ wb‡`k©bv
1) ‡nvqvBU †evW©
2) wd¬cPvU© †evW©
3) Kw¤úDUvi
4) gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i I miÄvgvw`
5) KvMR Ges Kjg
6) ‡nvqvBU †evW© gvK©vi
7) wd¬cPvU© †ccvi/†ccvi gvK©vi
D‡Ïk¨t
Ávbt
· IqvK© ÷vwW e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
· IqvK© ÷vwWi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
· IqvK© ÷vwWi †kªYxweb¨vm e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
· ÷c IqvP w`‡q mgq wbav©iY c×wZ eyS‡Z cvi‡eb ;
· ÷c Iqv‡Pi wewfboe dvskb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
IqvK© ÷vwW Kx?
IqvK© ÷vwW nj Ggb GKwU weÁvb, hvi mvnv‡h¨ †h‡Kvb Kv‡Ri mgq-gvb wba©viY K‡i †`qv hvq Ges H KvR
m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ mePvB‡Z mnR c×wZ Avwe®‹vi Kiv hvq hv‡Z H KvRwU mn‡R I `ª“Z m¤úv`b Kiv m¤¢e nq|
mn‡R I `ª“Z KvRwU Kiv hvq e‡j Drcv`bkxjZv ev‡o|
IqvK© ÷vwWi myweavmgyn t
· Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×i Rb¨ GUv GKUv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© A¯¿|
· wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgq wba©viY Kiv hvq|
· GB c×wZ `ª“Z I mn‡R ev¯—evwqZ Kiv hvq|
· ev¯—evq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi †_‡K dj jvf Kiv hvq|
· wbivc` Kg©c×wZ Avwe®‹vi K‡i GUv Kg© cwi‡ek DboeZ K‡i|
· GB c×wZ n‡Z ˆ`wbK ev N›Uv wfwËK Drcv`b †KvUv †ei Kiv hvq|
· KviLvbv ev h‡š¿i Drcv`b ¶gZv †ei Kiv hvq|
· Kg©x I h‡š¿i mylg msL¨v wbiƒcY Kiv hvq|
IqvK© ÷vwW Kxfv‡e ev¯—evqb Kiv hvq?
mvaviYZ 8wU c`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡g IqvK© ÷vwW ev¯—evqb Kiv hvq t
1. wbw`©ó Kiv ,
2. †iKW© Kiv,
2

3. cix¶v wbix¶v Kiv,
4. Dboeqb Kiv,
5. g~j¨vqb Kiv,
6. e¨vL¨v K‡i ejv,
7. cÖ‡qvM Kiv,
8. Ae¨vnZ ivLv|
cÖKvi‡f`
IqvK© ÷vwWi `yÕwU Ask Av‡Q t
1. †g_W ÷vwW I 2. IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U|
†g_W ÷vwW I IqvK© †gRvi‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨ m¤úK© t
†g_W ÷vwW I IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U GB `yB c×wZ Kxfv‡e Drcv`bkxjZv e„w× K‡i Zv WvqvMªvg wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv njt
IqvK© ÷vwW
†g_W ÷vwW t KvR‡K
mnR Kivi Rb¨ DboeZZi
c×wZ †ei K‡i|
Kg©x KvRwU mn‡R I
`ª“Z Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
d‡j Kg©x KvRwU Aí
mg‡q Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U t GKwU
KvR mgvavb Ki‡Z GKRb
kªwg‡Ki KZ mgq jvM‡Z cv‡i
Zv †ei K‡i I AcPwqZ mgq
Kgvq|
Kg©x KvRwU ˆeÁvwbKfv‡e
wba©vwiZ mg‡q mgvavb
Ki‡Z DØy× nq|
3
D”P
Drcv`bkxjZv

IqvK© ÷vwWi †kªYxwefvM t
IqvK© ÷vwW
†g_W ÷vwW IqvK©
4
†gRvi‡g›U
†Kvb Kv‡Ri Dboeqb/AMÖMwZi
Rb¨ avivevwnKfv‡e K‡g©i c×wZ
we‡klY
I wbix¶v Kiv, hv‡Z K‡g©i
c×wZ‡Z AMÖMwZ Avbv hvq|
GUv Kv‡Ri GKUv mnR c×wZ hv
KvR‡K `ª“Z m¤úv`b K‡i|
GUv Ggb GKUv †KŠkj hvi mvnv‡h¨
GKRb †hvM¨ Kg©x wbw`©ó `¶Zvq
GKwU Kg© m¤úv`b Ki‡Z KZ mgq
†b‡e Zv †ei Kiv hvq| †Kvb Kv‡Ri
Dboeq‡bi Rb¨ c×wZMZfv‡e
KvR¸wj‡K †iKW© Kiv I m~²fv‡e
cix¶v wbix¶v Kiv, hv‡Z GKK mg‡q
Drcv`b e„w× cvq|

gwWDj-3 cÖWvK&kb cÖ‡mm
jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
jviwbs BDwbU -2: ‡g_W ÷vwW
D‡Ïk¨t GB †mkb/ BDwbU †k‡l GKRb AskMÖnYKvix
Ávbt
K) †g_W ÷vwW mÁvwqZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb;
L) mvB‡Kj †PK Gi c×wZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
`¶Zv t
K) GKRb kªwg‡Ki Kg©gvb †iwUs Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L) †Kvb KvR m¤úv`‡bi AeRvifW UvBg wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M) †Kvb KvR m¤úv`‡bi †ewmK UvBg wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
N) ÷¨vÛvW© UvBg (Gm.Gg.wf) K¨vjKz‡jU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5

jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
c«wk¶K GB Awa‡ek‡bi ïi“‡Z c~eeZx© Awa‡ek‡b Av‡jvwPZ welq chv©†jvPbv
Ki‡eb| AZtci wZwb GB jviwbs BDwb‡Ui D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv K‡i wb‡goev³ jviwbs
Gwj‡g›Umg~n n¨vÛAvD‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ebt
· ‡g_W ÷vwW wK I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv;
· mvB‡Kj †PK;
· ‡iwUs;
· AeRvifW UvBg;
· ‡ewmK UvBg;
· Gm.Gg. wf;
· Bwdwm‡qwÝ;
· cvidi‡gÝ;
· †gvkb ÷vwW;
· UvBg ÷vwW|
cÖwk¶K Dc‡iv³ welq¸wj g‡a¨ n¨vÛAvD‡U cÖ`Ë my‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †iwUs, AeRvifW
UvBg, ‡ewmK UvBg, Gm.Gg. wf, Bwdwm‡qwÝ, cvidi‡gÝ I UvBg ÷vwW e¨vL¨v
Ki‡eb|AZtci wZwb Abyykxj‡bi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wk¶Y‡K ‡Rvi`vi Kivi
cÖqvm cv‡eb| G j‡¶¨ wZwb cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡ì PviR‡bi GKwU GKwU MÖ“‡c wef³
Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU Av‡jvwPZ wel‡qi m~Î †ev‡W© wj‡L w`‡eb|
cÖwk¶Yv_©xiv m~Î¸‡jv LvZvq wjL‡eb| cÖwk¶K Gev‡i cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì mvg‡b
m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mswkó welq¸wj wKfv‡e wbY©q K‡i †m e¨vcv‡i D`vniYmn
mgvavb w`‡eb| AZtci wZwb mKj wel‡q mgm¨vg~jK KwZcq D`vniY Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb
6

Ges cÖ‡Z¨K MÖ“c‡K cÖ`Ë m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †m¸wj mgvavb Ki‡Z ej‡eb| mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi †k‡l MÖ“c wfwËK welqwU Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K MÖ“‡ci `j‡bZv‡K
Avnevb Ki‡eb| MÖ“c Dc¯’vcbv †k‡l wZwb Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY K‡i mgm¨v
mgvav‡b m~‡Îi e¨envi Ges K¨vjKz‡jk‡b †Kvb fzjÎ“wU _vK‡j †m¸wj c‡q›U AvDU
K‡i mKj‡K eywS‡q w`‡eb| G wel‡q Av‡jvPbvq mKj AskMÖnYKvixi cÖvmwOK
me ai‡bi cÖ‡koei DËi cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
Awa‡ek‡bi †k‡l mKj‡K ab¨ev` Ávcb Ki‡eb|
7

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
n¨vÛAvDU:
†g_W ÷vwWi avcmg~n
IqvK© ÷vwWi g‡Zv †g_W ÷vwWI AvUwU avc mgwš^Z, hv ms‡¶‡c
SREDMDIM wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
†mMy‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e wb‡goe †`qv nj t
· wbw`©ó Kiv (Select),
· †iKW© Kiv (Record),
· cix¶v wbix¶v Kiv (Examine),
· Dboeqb Kiv (Develop),
· g~j¨vqb Kiv (Measure),
· e¨vL¨v K‡i ejv (Define),
· cÖ‡qvM Kiv (Install),
· eRvq ivLv (Maintain)|
DcwiD³ AvUwU avc ch©vqμ‡g we¯—vwiZfv‡e wb‡goe Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj t
· avc 1 - wbw`©ó Kiv (Select the work to be studied) t
†Kvb KvR wm‡j±/wbw`©ó Kivi mgq wZbwU welq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| †m¸‡jv nj t
1. B‡Kv‡bvwgK A_ev K÷ B‡dw±‡fi we‡ePbv t
D³ we‡ePbvq jv‡fi g~j cÖwμqvKiY A_ev g~j¨evb Acv‡ikb, eo iK‡gi AcP‡qi
g~j¨, eUj‡bK hv wKbv cÖWvKk‡bi e„w× †iva K‡i A_ev j¤^v ai‡bi Acv‡ikb hv
8

wKbv g~j¨evb mgq bó K‡i, wiwcU KvR hv wKbv †ekx Rbkw³ e¨envi K‡i,
Kg©‡¶‡Î hš¿cvwZi mwVK ¯’vcbv I bovPov BZ¨vw` wba©vwiZ Kiv nq|
2. †UKwbK¨vj we‡ePbv t
D³ we‡ePbvq †g_W ÷vwW cªwμqvKi‡Yi gva¨‡g mg¯— KvR, †ccvi IqvK©,
Bb‡f›Uwi BZ¨vw` Kw¤úDUvivBRWKi‡Yi gva¨‡g mgq, Rbkw³ I LiP Kwg‡q Avbv
m¤¢e|
9

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
3. gbyl¨ we‡ePbv t
Kg©xiv hLb †Kvb Kv‡R wei³ †eva K‡i ev K¬vwš— †eva K‡i, ZLb †g_W
÷vwWi gva¨‡g Zv `~ixKiY I Kv‡Ri MwZ eRvq ivLv m¤¢e|
· avc 2 - †iKW© Kiv (Record the facts of relevant information and data)
KvR wm‡j± ev wbw`©ó Kiv n‡q †M‡j m¤c„³ mKj D`xqgvb †g_W¸‡jv †iKW©
Kiv nq| mwVKfv‡e †iKW© Gi Dci mg¯— Kv‡Ri mdjZv wbf©i K‡i| Z‡e Riyix nj
†h †iKW©Uv cwi®‹vi I msw¶ß n‡Z n‡e| en~j cwiwPZ †iKwW©s †UKwbK¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ PvU© (chart) Ges WvqvMÖvg (diagram) eënvi n‡q _v‡K| cÖ‡mm
Pv‡U©i g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwU Kv‡Ri †iKwW©s Gi Rb¨ wbgoewjwLZ
wm¤^j/wPÎ¸‡jv Øviv Lye mn‡R Zv cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
†hgb t
Acv‡ikb t
cÖ‡mm, †g_W Ges †Kvb cÖwmwWD‡ii cÖavb avç‡jv wb‡`©k K‡i| mvaviYZ
KvR PjvKvjxb hLb †Kvb cvU©, g¨vUvwiqvj A_ev cÖWv± cwiewZ©Z n‡q _v‡K|
BÝ‡cKkb t
†KvqvwjwU A_ev †KvqvbwUwU †P‡Ki †¶‡Î GB BÝ‡cKkb eënvi n‡q _v‡K|
UªvÝ‡cvU© t
10

GK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq Kg©x, g¨v‡Uwiqvj A_ev †gwkbcÎ bovPov wb‡`©k
K‡i|
A¯’vqx ¸`vgRvZ Kiv A_ev †ìx Kiv t
KvR ev B‡f‡›Ui avivevwnKZvq †ìx Kiv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| D`vniY¯îƒc: GK KvR evi
evi Kiv‡Z Ab¨ KvR¸‡jv m¤úboe Kivi A‡c¶v ev hZ¶Y bv cÖ‡qvRb n‡”Q, ZZ¶Y
†Kvb KvR †iKwW©s Kiv QvovB c‡o _vKv|
¯’vqx ¸`vgRvZ Kiv t
†Kvb gvjvgvj A_ivBRW e¨w³ Øviv †PK Ges mvBb nevi ci ¸`v‡g mwVKfv‡e
My`vgRvZ Kiv‡K eySvq|
11

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
· avc 3 - cix¶v wbix¶v Kiv (Examine critically-The questioning technique)
GB av‡c cix¶v wbix¶v Øviv KwVb †Kvb welqe¯‘ ev cix¶v wba©viY Kiv nq|
cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kg© ˆelwqK, wm‡÷‡gwUK Ges Dboeqbg~jK n‡Z n‡e| Avgiv
A‡b‡KB †Kvb fvj eyw× ev cwieZ©b cQ›` Kwi bv, d‡j hv Kiv n‡”Q, Zv
A‡bKvs‡kB fyj n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ GKRb mycvifvBRvi‡K Aek¨B Zvi gZvgZ
cÖ`k©‡bi †¶‡Î LyeB cwi®‹vi n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Ab¨‡`i fimv I mn‡hvwMZv jvf Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
GB avcwU‡K Avgiv `yÕwU cÖ‡koei †UKwb‡Ki gva¨‡g †`Lv‡Z cvwi t
1. cÖvBgvix cªkoece© 2. †m‡KÛvix cÖkoece©
cÖvBgvix cªkoece© t
cÖkoece© †UKwb‡Ki cÖ_g c‡e© cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kv‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ (Purpose), RvqMv
(Place), avivevwnKZv (Sequence), e¨w³ (Person) Ges gvidZ (Means) wbqg Abyhvqx
†LuvRv ev cÖkoe Kiv nq | cÖvBgvix cÖkoe¸‡jv wb‡goe †`qv nj t
Purpose
What Is actually done? Eliminat unnecessary
Why Is the activity necessary at all parts of the job
Place Where Is it being done? Why is it done at the
particular place?
Combine wherever
possible
Sequence When Is it done? Why is it done by that particular
time?
Rearrange the
sequence of
operations for more
effective results
Person Who Is doing it? Why is it done by that particular
person?
Means How Is it being done? Why is it being done in that
particular way?
Simplify the
operations.
12

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
†m‡KÛvix cÖkoece© t
cÖkoece© †UKwb‡Ki wØZxq Ask GB c‡e© †kl Kiv nq| cÖvBgvix cÖkoec‡e©i
†k‡l hw` †Kvb cÖkoe P‡j Av‡m hv wKbv D`xqgvb †g_‡Wi Dboeq‡b f~wgKv iv‡L|
wb‡goe †m‡KÛvix cÖkoe¸‡jv †`Lv‡bv nj t
Purpose
What is done?
Why it is done?
What else might be done?
What should be done?
Place
Where is it done?
Why is it done there?
Where else might it be done?
Where sho
Sequence
When is it done?
Why is it done then?
When might it be done?
When it should be done?
Person
Who does it?
Why does that person do it?
Who else might do it?
Who should do it?
Means
How is it done?
Why is it done that way?
How else might it be done?
How should it be done?
14

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
· avc 4 - Dboeqb Kiv (Develop the best method and workplace) :
cÖkoece© †UKwbK Aej¤^‡bi cvkvcvwk GKRb IqvK© ÷vwW Awdmvi GKwU
†KŠZ~©njx Af¨vm cÖYqb Ki‡eb, hv wKbv memgq Bwdwm‡qwÝ eRvq ivL‡e|
GKevi bZzb †Kvb †g_W †kl Kiv n‡j Zv Pv‡U© †iKW© K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z
AwiwRbvj †g_‡Wi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`Lv hvq Ges †Kvb wKQz ev` coj wKbv j¶¨
Kiv hvq| Gfv‡e mg¯— Kv‡Ri Dci GKwU mvigg© ˆZwi K‡i I Dnv‡K †g_W
÷vwWi mv‡_ wgwj‡q Ges cwieZ©xZ †g_W †_‡K mgq I `~iZ¡ Kwg‡q K÷
Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e, hv wKbv Avkvbyhvqx djvdj enb Ki‡e|
· avc 5 - g~j¨vqb Kiv (Measure results of different alternative solutions) :
avc 5 Gi g‡a¨ hLb mg¯— KvR wiwfD Kiv nq ZLb Aek¨B avc 4 Gi cwieZ©‡b
wKQz jvfRbK †iRvë cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡bK mgq †g_W ÷vwW wKQz m¤¢ve¨
cwieZ©b evQvB K‡i, hv wKbv wKQ~ msL¨K bZzb †g_W cÖYqb K‡i| Zb¥‡a¨
wKQ~ ZLbB cwiPq K‡i †`qv nq, †hgb: bZzb †gwkbc‡Îi cwiwPwZ, Acv‡iUi
†Uªwbs BZ¨vw`| Bb‡fw÷‡MUi‡ì mwZ¨Kvi Z_¨, cwieZ©b nIqvi ci wK djvdj Ges
Kv‡h© cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ †h LiP, †mme ìKvi nq| Gfv‡e GKRb †g_W ÷vwWi
Awdmvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †g_‡Wi Rb¨ GKwU jvfRbK †g_W cy•Lvbycy•Lfv‡e wePvi
K‡i _v‡Kb|
· avc 6 - e¨vL¨v K‡i ejv (Define new method which gives best economic
returns):
cwiewZ©Z †h †g_W MÖn‡Yi wm×vš— †bqv nj, Zv cvj‡bi Rb¨ KovKwofv‡e
e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡j w`‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi Rb¨ wZb cÖKvi Z‡_ï cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| †hgb t
Uzjm Ges BKyc‡g›Um, hv eënvi n‡e
†g_‡Wi we¯—vwiZ eY©bv
Kv‡Ri RvqMvi †j-AvDU WvqvMÖvg|
· avc 7 - cÖ‡qvM Kiv (Install as a standard practice):
avc 7 †K cuvPwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq t
1. eë¯’vcK‡ì gva¨‡g cwieZ©‡bi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv jvf Kiv
2. wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui mycvifvBRvi KZ©„K cwieZ©‡bi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv jvf Kiv
3. Kg©x KZ©„K cwieZ©‡bi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv jvf Kiv
4. cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ ˆZwi nIqv
5. cwieZ©b K‡›Uªvj Kiv
· avc 8 - eRvq ivLv (Maintain the new method by regular routine checks):
hLb †Kvb bZzb †g_W cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, Zv eRvq ivLv LyeB Riyix| Kg©xiv †Kvb
Ae¯’v‡ZB cy‡iv‡bv †g_‡W wd‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e bv hZ¶Y ch©š— bv †Kvb fvj
wKQzi Rb¨ Zvi ìKvi nq| μgvMZ IqvK© ÷vwW Awdmvi Zv †PK Ki‡eb Ges djvdj
ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb| cÖwZw`b †PK Kivi Af¨vmB e‡j w`‡Z cvi‡e †h:
· †Kvb mgm¨v n‡”Q wKbv
· cy‡iv‡bv †g_‡W wd‡i hvevi cÖ‡qvRbv Av‡Q wKbv
15

· m¤¢ve¨ Av‡iv bZzb I ¸iyZ¡c~Y© jvfRbK c`‡¶c msμvš— †g_W Aej¤^b Ki‡Z
n‡e wKbv
†g_W ÷vwWi gva¨‡g IqvK© ÷vwWi Awdmvi bZzb bZzb †g_W Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g
KvR‡K wbf©yj I Aímg‡q Kivi GKwU ev¯—e Ges bZzb aviv ˆZwi K‡ib Ges D³
aviv¸‡jv m¤úv`b Ki‡Z wM‡q †hme cš’v myBs †d¬v‡i ev Kvh© msKªvš— cwi‡e‡k
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq, Zvi me¸‡jv cš’v‡K IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U ev Kvh© cwigv‡ci cwiwa‡Z
cwigvc Kiv nq|
16

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
‡g_W ÷vwW‡Z †hme c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv nq †m¸‡jv n‡”Q:
· mvB‡Kj †PK
· ‡iwUs
· Ae&Rvif&W UvBg
· †ewmK UvBg
· Gm.Gg.wf
· Bwdwm‡qwÝ
· cvidi‡gÝ
· ‡gvkb ÷vwW
Dc‡iv³ welq¸‡jv wKQz m~Î I wm‡÷‡gi wfwË‡Z MwVZ Ges GKwU wel‡qi m‡½
Ab¨ welq¸‡jv IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e m¤c„³|
 mvB‡Kj †PK t
mvB‡Kj †PK n‡jv Kvh© cwigv‡ci GKwU c×wZ hvi Øviv jvB‡bi cª_g †_‡K †kl
Acv‡iU‡ii KvR ev KvRmg~‡ni Rb¨ mg‡qi cwigvc ÷cIqvP Øviv †PK nq |
ch©‡e¶YKvix t whwb ch©‡e¶Y K‡ib/ mgq †bb
ch©‡e¶xZ mgq t ch©‡e¶YKvix Øviv M„nxZ mgq|
 †Kb mvB‡Kj †PK c×wZ g~j¨evb?
• cÖ‡Z¨K Acv‡iU‡ii Kv‡Ri/cÖWvKk‡bi mvg_©¨ †ei Kiv hvq
• jvB‡bi Kv‡Ri/cÖWvKk‡bi mvg_©¨ †ei Kiv hvq
• Drcv`‡b evavMÖ¯’ ¯’vb †ei Kiv hvq
 mvB‡Kj †PK& ïiyi Av‡M KiYxq t
jvB‡b Pjv AvB‡Ug Gi evqv‡ii bvg I ÷vBj bv¤^vi Rvbv Ges me¸‡jv cÖ‡mm
fvjfv‡e †`Lv| cÖ‡Z¨K IqvK©v‡ii hveZxq KvR fvjfv‡e †PK& Kiv|
17

 mvB‡Kj †PK& Kivi ci KiYxq t
• mvB‡Kj †PK& ïiyi I †k‡li ZvwiL I mgq †jLv,
• evqv‡ii bvg, ÷vBj bv¤^vi I AvB‡Ug Gi bvg †jLv,
• cÖ‡Z¨K Acv‡iU‡ii K¨vcvwmwU †ei Kiv,
• †gvU mgq I †gvU Acv‡iU‡ii msL¨v †ei Kiv,
• we wc wU, GBP wc wU, Gj wc wU †ei Kiv,
• jvB‡bi K¨vcvwmwU †ei Kiv|
mvB‡Kj †PK Kivi ci Kg©xi †iwUs wbav©iY Kiv nq| wb‡goe †iwUs wK I Gi mv‡_
wK wK c×wZ RwoZ i‡q‡Q, Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj t
18

jviwbs BDwbU
 †iwUs
n¨vÛAvDU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
÷¨vÛvW© Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i GKRb IqvK©v‡ii KvR‡K bv¤^vwis Kiv‡K †iwUs
e‡j hv ch©‡e¶‡Ki wbR¯^ aviYvi Dci wbf©ikxj |
†iwUs Gi m~Î t AeRvif&W UvBg ´ AeRvif&W †iwUs ¸ ÷¨vÛvW© †iwUs|
· †iwUs †¯‹j t
60-80 75-100 100-133 0-100 eY©bv
0 0 0 0 Kg©nxb
40 50 67 50 Lye †¯vv
60 75 100 75 g‡b nq Lye †¯v, wKš‘ Kg©Kv‡j mgq AcPq
Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq bv
80 100 133 100 AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ KvR K‡i †KvqvwjwU
I h_v_©Zv AR©‡b m¶g n‡j
100 125 167 125 Lye `ª“ZZvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡j
120 150 200 150 Awek¦vm¨ `ª“ZZvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡j
 AeRvif&W UvBg t
· AeRvif&W UvB‡gi m~Î t
AeRvif& UvBg = †UvUvj mvB‡Kj UvBg ¸ bv¤^vi Ae mvB‡Kj
· AeRvif&W UvB‡gi D`vniY t
hw` GKwU Mv‡g©›U‡mi w¯f R‡q‡bi AeRvif&W UvBg Avgiv UvBg ÷vwW
Kwi, Z‡e Aš—Z cuvP evi ÷c Iqv‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ mvB‡Kj UvBg wb‡Z n‡e| GB
19

mvB‡Kj UvBg¸‡jv nj ch©vqμ‡g = 0.60,0.65,0.63,0.64,0.60 Ges bv¤^vi Ae
mvB‡Kj nj = 5|
AZGe H w¯f R‡q‡bi Gfv‡iR AeRvif&W UvBg nj =
.60+.65+.63+.64+.60 ¸ 5 = .628
20

jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
 †ewmK UvBg K¨vjKz‡jkb t
· †ewmK UvB‡gi m~Î t
n¨vÛAvDU
†ewmK UvBg = AeRvif&W UvBg ´ AeRvifW& †iwUs ¸ 100 (÷¨vÛvW© †iwUs)
· †ewmK UvB‡gi D`vniY t
GKRb Acv‡iUi KZ K¨vcvwmwU‡Z KvR Ki‡Q, Zv AeRvif& Kivi mgq
bv¤^vwis Ki‡Z nq| awi, ÷¨vÛvW© †iwUs nj = 100| GB 100 b¤^‡i †m KZ
cvIqvi †hvM¨, Zv nj AeRvif&W †iwUs|
c~‡e© Avgiv AeRvif&W UvBg ‡c‡qwQ =.628 I a‡i wbB Acv‡iU‡ii
AeRvif&W †iwUs nj =100 |
AZGe †ewmK UvBg nj =.628 ´ 100 ¸ 100 = .62
 Gm.Gg.wf ev ÷¨vÛvW© UvBg K¨vjKz‡jkb t
Gm.Gg.wf (S.M.V) A_ev Gm.G.Gg (S.A.M) GKB wRwbm|
Gm.Gg.wfi gv‡b nj ÷¨vÛvW© wgwbU f¨vjy (Standard Minute Value) Ges
Gm.G.Gg (Standard Allocated Minuite) Gi gv‡b nj ÷¨vÛvW© G¨v‡jv‡K‡UW wgwbU|
· ÷¨vÛvW© UvB‡gi m~Î t
÷¨vÛvW© UvBg = †ewmK UvBg + †ewmK UvBg ´ G¨vjvDÝ
· ÷¨vÛvW© UvB‡gi D`vniY t
c~‡e© Avgiv †ewmK UvBg †c‡qwQ .62| hw` Kg©x KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q gv‡S
gv‡S Aemv` †eva K‡i, †m gyû‡Z© †h mgq bó nq, Zvi Rb¨ 12.5% G¨vjvDÝ
21

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
I †gwkb †eªKWvD‡bi Rb¨ 2.50% G¨vjvDÝ, †gvU 15% G¨vjvDÝ †hvM Ki‡Z
n‡e|
AZGe ÷¨vÛvW© UvBg = (†ewmK UvBg .62 + †ewmK UvBg ´ G¨vjvDÝ
15% ) =.71|
 Bwdwm‡qwÝ (`¶Zv) t
GKRb Acv‡iUi ev jvB‡bi me Acv‡iU‡ii Kv‡Ri djvdj‡K Bwdwm‡qwÝ (`¶Zv) e‡j,
hv kZKiv wnmv‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq|
· Bwdwm‡qwÝi m~Î t
Bwdwm‡qwÝi m~Î t (AvibW& wgwbUm ¸ G¨v‡fBj¨vej wgwbUm&) ¸100
· Bwdwm‡qwÝi D`vniY t
Bwdwm‡qwÝ †ei Kivi Av‡M Avgv‡ì G¨v‡fBj¨vej wgwbUm& I AviÛ& wgwbUm&
†ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
G¨v‡fBj¨vej wgwbUm& Gi m~Î t bv¤^vi Ae Gm.G.Gg Avibvm© ´ IqvwK©s
wgwbUm|
we‡kl `ªóe¨ t †hme fvj Acv‡iUi‡ì Rb¨ Gm.G.Gg eivÏ _v‡K, Zv‡ì‡K Gm.G.Gg
Avibvm© e‡j|
awi, bv¤^vim& Ae Gm.G.Gg Avb©vm© = 20 Ges IqvwK©s wgwbUm& nj = 10
N›Uv|
AZGe, G¨v‡fBj¨vej wgwbUm& nj = 20 ´ 10 ´ 60 = 12000
(GLv‡b 10 N›Uv‡K wgwb‡U cwiYZ Ki‡Z 60 w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡Z nj)|
22

AvibW& wgwbUm& Gi m~Î t †UvUvj cÖWvKkb ´ Gm.G.Gg|
awi, †UvUvj cÖWvKkb nj = 1500 wcm Ges Gi Gm.G.Gg nj 4.30|
AZGe, AvibW& wgwbUm nj = 1500 ´ 4.30 = 6450|
GLb Avgiv Bwdwm‡qwÝ †ei Kie| Bwdwm‡qwÝ =
(6450 ¸ 12000) ´ 100 = 53.75%
 cvidi‡gÝ
GKRb Acv‡iUi ev jvB‡bi me Acv‡iU‡ii KvR Kivi mvg_©¨ ev ¶gZv‡K cvidi‡gÝ
ejv nq (hLb Zviv KvR K‡i) hv kZKiv wnmv‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq|
· cvidi‡g‡Ýi m~Î t
(AvibW& wgwbUm ¸ G¨v‡fBj¨vej wgwbUm& - j÷ wgwbUm& ) ´ 100|
· cvidi‡g‡Ýi D`vniY t
GLv‡b AvibW& wgwbUm nj = 6450 I G¨v‡fBj¨vej wgwbUm& nj = 12000|
Acv‡iUi hLb e‡m _v‡K, hLb †m Iqvk i“‡g hvq, †mB mgqUv‡K j÷ wgwbUm&
A_ev bb-cÖWvKwUwfwU UvBg e‡j| awi, 20 Rb Acv‡iUi mvivw`b wg‡j †UvUvj
50wgwbU mgq bó Kij|
AZGe Zv‡ì cvidi‡gÝ nj t
(6450 ¸ 12000-50) ´ 100 = 53.97%
DcwiD³ c×wZ¸‡jv MYbv Kivi ci †h welqwU Av‡jvPbvq Av‡m, Zv nj-Kg©x‡ì
bovPovi e¨vcvi| Kg©xiv cÖvq mgq GKwU KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j GK nvZ eënvi K‡i
_v‡K| wKš‘ †gvkb ÷vwWi bxwZ Abyhvqx GKmv‡_ `yB nvZ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
Zvi mg¯— Kv‡Ri wRwbmcÎ `yB nv‡Zi bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ _vK‡Z n‡e| bx‡P we¯—vwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj t
23

jviwbs BDwbU
-2
‡g_W ÷vwW
†gvkb ÷vwWi bxwZmg~n
n¨vÛAvDU
†gvkb ÷vwWi cÖwZwU KvR A‡bK¸‡jv MwZi mgwó| †gvkb A_©bxwZi wKQz bxwZ
i‡q‡Q,hv Kg©‡¶‡Î eënvi n‡q _v‡K|
· gbyl¨ kix‡ii h‡_vchy³ eënvi,
· Kg©¯’‡ji DboeZ msMVb,
· hš¿cvwZi DboeZZi wWRvBb|
gbyl¨ kix‡ii h‡_vchy³ eënvi t
· `yB nvZ h_vm¤¢e GKB mv‡_ KvR ïi“ Ki‡e Ges †kl Ki‡e|
· Aemi Qvov `yB nvZ GKB mv‡_ Kg©Py¨Z n‡e bv|
· Kv‡Ri mgq nv‡Zi MwZ n‡e `ª“Z, ¯^w¯—Ki I wbf©yj|
Kg©¯’‡ji DboeZ msMVb t
· cÖwZwU LyPiv Ask, Uzj, †dvìvi Avjv`v ¯’v‡b _vK‡e, hv‡Z
Ab_©K †LuvRvLuywR Ki‡Z bv nq|
· gvjvgvj †hLv‡b eënvi n‡e, Zvi KvQvKvwQ †÷vi n‡e|
· gvjvgvj msi¶Y Kv‡Ri MwZi mv‡_ mgvbZv‡j _vK‡Z n‡e|
· KvwUs I wdwbwks wefv‡M 600-700 jv·, myBs wefv‡M 700-750
jv· I †KvqvwjwU †Uwe‡j 1,000 jv· Av‡jv n‡Z n‡e|
· ùvwo‡q _vKv Kg©xiv hv‡Z gv‡S gv‡S em‡Z cv‡i, †mB eë¯’v
Ki‡Z n‡e|
· Kg©¯’‡j AwMoewbivcËv eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
· cÖwZwU †gwkb n‡e wbivc`, †gwk‡b AvB MvW©, wb‡Wj
MvW©, cywj Kvfvi _vKv ìKvi|
hš¿cvwZi DboeZZi wWRvBb t
24

· hš¿cvwZ Ggbfv‡e wWRvBb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z G‡Z wRM, wd·vi,
†dvìvi _v‡K|
· hv‡Z †gwk‡b GKvwaK †dvìvi eënvi Kiv hvq|
· †gwkb hv‡Z Abvqv‡m Pvjv‡bv hvq|
UvBg ÷vwW
m‡e©v”P `¶Zvq GKwU KvR †kl Ki‡Z GKRb Acv‡iU‡ii KZUzKz mgq jvMv DwPr
Zv †ei Kivi c×wZ‡KB UvBg ÷vwW ejv nq|
UvBg ÷vwW Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY t
• ÷cIqvP,
• †jLvi †evW©,
• UvBg ÷vwW dig|
Dc‡iv³ wZbwU DcKiY Mv‡g©›U‡mi wewfboe Acv‡ikb †eªKWvDb I Zv‡ì Rb¨ mgq
wba©viY Ki‡Z eënvi n‡q _v‡K|
25

jviwbs
IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U
BDwbU -3
jviwbs BDwbU -3: IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U
Ávbt
K)Acv‡ikb †eªKWvDb m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L)†gwkb †j-AvDU m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
`¶Zvt
K)eUj‡bK wPwüZ K‡i mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L) jvBb e¨v‡jwÝs Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
26

jviwbs
BDwbU -3
ïi“‡Z cÖwk¶K Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨vejx e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| AZtci wZwb wb‡goev³ welq¸wj
Ic‡i n¨vÛAvD‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡ebt
· Acv‡ikb †eªKWvDb
· †gwkb †j-AvDU
· eUj‡bK
· jvBb e¨v‡jwÝs
Dc‡iv³ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv †k‡l wZwb AskMÖnYKvix‡ì PviRb K‡i GKwU GKwU `‡j
fvM Ki‡eb| cÖwZ MÖ“c‡K GKwU K‡i Mv‡g©›U Gi m¨v¤új w`‡eb Ges D³ m¨v¤új
†eªKWvDb I †j-AvDU Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
G chv©‡q cÖwk¶K †eªBb÷iwgs gva¨‡g eUj‡bK m„wó nIqvi KviY Ges jvBb
e¨v‡jwms Gi Dcvq †ei Ki‡Z ej‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨KwU MÖ“c †eªBb ÷iwgs †k‡l
wd¬cPv‡U©i gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcbv Ki‡e|
IqvK©÷vwWi cy‡iv wel‡qi Dci KzB‡Ri Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì
cvidi‡gÝ gvb cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| IqvK©÷vwWi Dci GKwU cÖkoecÎ ˆZix K‡i cÖwk¶K
cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì wk¶‡bi gvb/ wel‡q Ic‡i †evaMg¨Zv hvPvB Ki‡eb|
27

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs
BDwbU -3
n¨vÛAvDU:
IqvK© ÷vwWi Av‡iv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Abyl½ n‡”Q IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U| G As‡k
IqvK© †gRvi‡g›U m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
GUv Ggb GKUv †KŠkj hvi mvnv‡h¨ GKRb †hvM¨ Kg©x wbw`©ó `¶Zvq GKwU
Kg© m¤úv`b Ki‡Z KZ mgq †b‡e Zv †ei Kiv hvq| Gi mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb Kv‡Ri
÷¨vÛvW© mgq †ei Kiv m¤¢e| ‡Kvb Kv‡Ri Dboeq‡bi Rb¨ c×wZMZfv‡e KvR¸wj†K
†iKW© Kiv I m~²fv‡e cix¶v wbix¶v Kiv, hv‡Z GKK mg‡q Drcv`b e„w× cvq| IqvK©
†gRvi‡g›U Ki‡Z wbgoewjwLZ welq¸‡jv Myi“Z¡c~Y©:
· UvBg ÷vwW
· Acv‡ikb †eªKWvDb
· ‡gwkb †j-AvDU
· cxP UvBg
· eUj†bK
· jvBb e¨v‡jwÝs
Acv‡ikb †eªKWvDb
†h †Kvb ai‡bi GKwU AvB‡Ug h_v kvU©, c¨v›U, UªvDRvi, wU-kvU©, c‡jv kvU©,
R¨v‡KU, †f÷, U¨vsK Uc, BZ¨vw` Gi myBs cª‡mm I nv‡Zi KvR¸wj‡K
avivevwnKfv‡e G‡Ki ci GK mvwR‡q wjLv‡K Acv‡ikb †eªKWvDb e‡j|
†eªKWvDb c×wZ
28

· GwcGg, jvBb Pxd/mycvifvBRvi, †UKwbwkqvb I IqvK© ÷vwW Awdmvi
Aek¨B GK‡Î e‡m †eªKWvDb Ki‡e|
· †UKwbwkqvb cvU©mg~n Ges cvU©mg~‡ni cÖ‡mmmg~‡ni
avivevwnKZv wVK Ki‡eb|
· GwcGg I IqvK© ÷vwW Awdmvi cÖ‡mmmg~‡ni GmGgwf wVK Ki‡eb|
· GB c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡mmmg~‡ni GmGgwf Gi †hvMdj‡K ejv nq
Mv‡g©›UmwUi GmGgwf|
29

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs
BDwbU -3
Mv‡g©›U‡mi †eªKWvDb QK
wPÎ: D³ Mv‡g©›U‡mi K‡qKwU †eªKWvDb wb‡P QK AvKv‡i †`qv nj t
08. †bK †j‡ej R‡qb Kiv jK w÷P .12 1
÷vBj- †RW wU- 120 AvB‡Ug- wU-kvU
09. d«›U †bK Uc w÷P d¬¨vU jK .12 1
10. m~Zv KvUv I ewW fuvR Kiv †njcvi .11 1
11. †mvjWvi Uz †mvjWvi
cvBwcs
© (wUDe
ewW)
dxW Ad `v Avg© .20 2
evqvi-iv‡
mj
12. cvBwcs KvUv I ewW fuvR
Kiv
†njcvi .12 1
13. w¯jf †ng d¬¨vU jK .12 1
15. w¯jf Bbmxg Ifvi jK .12 1
30
jvBb- 01 c¨vb
Uv‡M©U /
N›Uv- 100
wcm
wmwiqvj bs myBs cª‡mm I nv‡Zi KvR †gwk‡bi aib I
nv‡Zi KvR
mgq (wgwbU) †njcvi I
†gwk‡bi
msL¨v
01. c¨v‡bj fuvR Kiv †njcvi .10 1
02. eUg †ng d¬¨vU jK .20 2
04. †mvjWvi R‡qb Ifvi jK .25 2
05. †bK wie UvK I †dvì jK w÷P .12 1
06. †bK wie R‡qb Ifvi jK .25 2
07. m~Zv KvUv, gvK© I ewW
fuvR Kiv
†njcvi .20 2

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs
BDwbU -3
Acv‡ikb †eªKWvDb Kivi ci †gwkb †j-AvDU wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡goe †gwkb †j-
AvDU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj t
†gwkb †j-AvDU
GKwU AvB‡Ug cªWvKk‡bi Rb¨ IqvK© ÷vwW wWcvU©‡g›U cÖ‡mm Abymv‡i
cÖ‡qvRbxq †gwk‡bi GKwU kxU ˆZwi K‡i hv‡K †j-AvDU kxU e‡j| Ges †mB Abymv‡i
jvB‡bi g‡a¨ †gwkb mvRv‡bv‡K †gwkb †j-AvDU e‡j|
†j-AvDU c×wZ t
cÖ_g avc t
· †j-AvD‡U `vqxZ¡kxj †jvK
· G wc Gg,
· †UKwbwkqvb,
· IqvK© ÷vwW Awdmvi|
wØZxq avc t
· jvBb wm‡j± Kiv,
· ÷vBj wm‡j± Kiv,
· †gvU Kgx© wVK Kiv|
Z„Zxq avc t
· Mv‡g©›UwUi Acv‡ikb †eªKWvDb Kiv,
· cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡m‡mi GmGgwf †jLv,
32

· †gvU GmGgwf †ei Kiv,
· †gwk‡bi aib I msL¨v wVK Kiv,
· cÖ‡Z¨K Acv‡iU‡ii Mo GmGgwf Gi KvR †ei Kiv,
· cvidi‡gÝ Abyhvqx mwVK cÖ‡m‡m mwVK Acv‡iUi emv‡bv,
· cÖ‡qvRbgvwdK †gwkb emv‡bv|
†j-AvD‡Ui myweav t
· eo ai‡bi eUj‡bK _vK‡e bv,
· †Kvb Acv‡iUi Kg©nxb e‡m _vK‡e bv,
· mn‡RB Uv‡M©U G¨vPxf Kiv hv‡e|
·
n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs
BDwbU -3
Example: 01
Tee Shirt- Tubular
S/NO. OPERATION DESCRIPTION M/C TYPE & HP MC HP
1 PANEL FOLD FOR BTM HEM HP 1
2 BTM HEM ROLLING FL 2
3 THREAD TRIM & FOLD FOR SLDR JOIN HP 1
4 SLDR JOIN OL 2
5 THREAD TRIM & FOLD FOR NECK RIB JOIN HP 1
6 NECK RIB TACK & FOLD LS 1
7 NECK RIB JOIN OL 2
8 THREAD TRIM, MARK & FOLD FOR LBL ATTACH HP 2
9 LBL ATT AT NECK PSN LS 1
10 TOP STC AT FR NECK FL 1
11 THREAD TRIM & CHECK FOR SLDR TO SLDR PIPING HP 1
12 SLDR TO SLDR PIPING FA 2
33

13 PIPING TRIM, CHECK & SET FOR SLV JOIN HP 1
14 SLV HEM ROLLING FL 1
15 THREAD TRIM & SLV SET FOR SLV INSEAM HP 1
16 SLV INSEAM OL 1
17 TACK AT SLV HEM PSN LS 1
18 THREAD TRIM & SLV FOLD FOR SLV JOIN HP 1
19 SLV JOIN OL 3
20 THREAD TRIM & BODY FOLD FOR QC TABLE HP 3
TOTAL 17 12
†gwkb †j-AvDU Kiv n‡q †M‡j cÖWvKkb Kvh©iZ Ae¯’vq †hme welqMy‡jv j¶¨Yxq,
Zv wb‡goe Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj t
cxP UvBg
g‡b Kwi, GKwU mv‡U©i ÷¨vÛvW© mgq 1,000 †m‡KÛ| Gi g‡a¨ 50wU Acv‡ikb
Av‡Q, hv 40Rb kªwg‡Ki g‡a¨ fvM K‡i †`qv nj| G‡KKRb Acv‡iU‡ii fv‡M †h KvR
coj, Zvi mgq‡K cxP UvBg e‡j| Avi cÖwZ Acv‡iU‡ii fv‡M MocoZv KvR coj (1,000 ¸
40=25) 25†m‡K‡Ûi| GB MocoZv mgq‡K †ewmK cxP UvBg e‡j|
34

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs
BDwbU -3
eUj †bK
cÖWvKkb jvB‡bi me‡P‡q Kg cÖWvKk‡bi RvqMv‡K ejv nq eUj‡bK | †hLv‡b gvj
R‡g _v‡K I cÖWvKkb Kg nq †mB RvqMv‡K ejv nq eUj‡bK Gwiqv|
cxP WvqvMÖvg I eUj †bK cÖ‡mm t
mgq
Mjv (NECK)
eUj †bK cÖ‡mm
(BD.wm.Gj)
(we.wc.wU)
(Gj.wm.Gj)
†evZj Bottle
eUj †bK cÖ‡mm
35

Acv‡iUi
wPÎ t cxP WvqvMÖvg (eUj †bK cÖ‡mm )
†Kb eUj †bK m„wó nq t
eUj †bK m„wó nIqvi bvbv KviY Av‡Q Zv wbgoei~c t
36

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs
BDwbU -3
BbcyU jvB‡b †XvKvi Av‡M eUj‡bK t
· †÷vi †_‡K mgqgZ Bmy¨ bv †M‡j
· KvwUs †_‡K †`wi‡Z Bmy¨ †M‡j
· Bmy¨‡Z wmwiqvj bv¤evi fyj n‡j
· evÛwjs bv¤evi fyj n‡j
· fyj Bmy¨ w`‡j
· c¨vUvb© G fyj _vK‡j BZ¨vw`|
jvB‡bi wfZ‡i eUj †bK t
· fyj Kg©x wbe©vPb Ki‡j
· †j-AvDU fyj n‡j
· Kg©xMY Kv‡R Ae‡nwjZ n‡j
· Kg©xMY Abycw¯’Z _vK‡j
· †gwk‡b weNoe NU‡j/mgm¨v _vK‡j ev †gwkb Lvivc n‡j
· Bmÿ mvcvB G mgm¨v _vK‡j ev weNoe NU‡j
· Kg©xMY wmwiqvj f½ K‡i KvR mvg‡b w`‡j
· Kvjvi †kwWs n‡j
· †KvqvwjwU‡Z mgm¨v n‡j
· †Kvb Kg©x Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j|
eUj †bK wbY©‡qi Dcvq t
· Bmÿ Gi wmwiqvj bv¤^vi †`‡L K‡qKRb Acv‡iUi‡K †PK Kivi ci
hw` KvD‡K Kg wmwiqvj bv¤^vi Gi KvR Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq hv Ab¨‡ì
Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg Z‡e Zvi Ae¯’vb‡K eUj †bK wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv
n‡e|
· jvB‡bi wfZ‡i †Kvb ¯’v‡b Rgv gvj †`‡L †h ¯’v‡b ¯‘cvK…wZ gvj
Rgv _vK‡e †m ¯’vbB eUj †bK ¯’vb|
eUj †bK Kgv‡bvi Dcvq t
· h_vmg‡q wcÖ-cÖWvKkb wgwUs Kiv,
· BbcyU †XvKvi Av‡M jvBb †j-AvDU kxU ˆZwi Kiv Ges 2/3 w`b
Av‡M †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ kvLv‡K fvjfv‡e cª¯‘wZ †bIqvi Rb¨ †`qv,
· BbcyU †XvKvi Av‡M KvU c¨v‡bj I G¨vK‡mmwiR †PK Kiv,
· cÖWvKkb ïiy Kivi Av‡M c¨vUvb© †PK Kiv,
37

· Acv‡iUi I †njcvi‡`i AcÖ‡qvRbxq KvR ev` †`qv,
· KvR Abymv‡i h_vh_ Kg©x wb‡qvM Kiv,
· KvU c¨v‡bj I G¨vK‡mmwiR h_vmg‡q h_vh_fv‡e mieivn Kiv,
· wmwiqvj bv¤^vi eRvq ivLv,
· wi‡R± Mv‡g©›Um Aek¨B mvg‡b bv †`qv,
· Aek¨B †PK Kivi ci Mv‡g©›Um mvg‡b †`qv,
38

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs
BDwbU -3
· evÛj Kivi mgq mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv (wmwiqvj bv¤^vi wVK ivLv),
· Kv‡Ri c×wZi Dboeqb K‡i,
· Acv‡iUi I †njcvi‡ì Kv‡Ri `¶Zv evwo‡q|
jvBb e¨v‡jwÝs t
GKwU cÖWvKkb jvB‡bi Uv‡M©‡Ui mgvb cÖWvKkb †ei Kivi Rb¨-
· †j-AvD‡Ui mgcwigvY †gwkb Acv‡iUi I †njcvi wb‡qvM Kiv
· h_v¯’v‡b h_vh_ IqvK©vi wb‡qvM Kiv,
· Kv‡Ri myweavi Rb¨ †gwkb I Acv‡iUi ¯’vbvš—i Kivi c×wZ‡K jvBb
e¨v‡jÝ e‡j|
jvBb e¨v‡j‡Ýi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ t
wb‡goev³ WvUv¸wj wb‡Z n‡e
· cÖWvKkb e¨v‡jÝ †KvqvbwUwU,
· cÖWvKkb †k‡li ZvwiL,
· cÖWvKwUwfwU M¨vc,
· KvwUs I G¨vK‡mmwiR Bmÿ WweI.AvB.wc (jvB‡b Kv‡Ri cwigvY),
· jvBb cÖWvKk‡bi MwZ|
jvBb e¨v‡j‡Ýi Dcvqmg~n t
· h_vmg‡q wcÖ-cÖWvKkb wgwUs Kiv,
· BbcyU †XvKvi Av‡M jvBb †j-AvDU kxU ˆZwi Kiv Ges 2/3 w`b Av‡M
†gBb‡Ub¨vÝ kvLv‡K fvjfv‡e cª¯‘wZ †bIqvi Rb¨ †`qv,
· BbcyU †XvKvi Av‡M KvU c¨v‡bj I GK‡mmwiR †PK Kiv,
· cÖWvKkb ïiy Kivi Av‡M c¨vUvb© †PK Kiv,
· †njcvi‡ì AcÖ‡qvRbxq KvR ev` †`qv ,
· KvR Abymv‡i h_vh_ Kg©x wb‡qvM Kiv,
· KvU c¨v‡bj I GK‡mmwiR h_vmg‡q h_vh_fv‡e mieivn Kiv,
· wmwiqvj bv¤^vi eRvq ivLv,
· wi‡R± Mv‡g©›Um Aek¨B mvg‡b bv †`qv,
· Aek¨B †PK Kivi ci Mv‡g©›Um mvg‡b †`qv,
wb‡goe jvBb e¨v‡j‡Ýi GKwU D`vniY †`qv nj t
Acv‡ikb 1t 3.30 ÷¨vÛvW© wgwbUm&
39

†UvUvjt 11.55 ÷¨vÛvW© wgwbUm&
Acv‡ikb ÷¨vÛvW© wgwbUm& ÷¨vÛvW© AvIqvi
1 3.30 18.18
2 1.65 36.36
3 6.60 9.09
40

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs
BDwbU -3
b~¨bZg Kg©xi e¨v‡jÝ t
2 Rb Kg©x ´ 18.18 = 36/N›Uv
1 Rb Kg©x ´ 36.36 = 36/N›Uv
4 Rb Kg©x ´ 9.09 = 36/N›Uv
AZGe, †UvUvj Kg©x nj t 7Rb
7 Rb Acv‡iUi ´ 60wgwbU/N›Uv ¸ e¨v‡jÝW
AvDUcyU=36/N›Uv=11.66wgwbUm/Mv‡g©›Um|
m~Zivs, jvBb e¨v‡jÝ njt 11.55 ¸11.66 ´ 100=99.05%
IqvK© ÷vwW Awdmv‡ii ˆbwZK ¸Yvewj t
· Avš—wiKZv I mZZv t IqvK© ÷vwW Awdmvi‡K Aek¨B Avš—wiK I mr
n‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡jB †m †Kej Av¯’v I kª×vi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
· ¯^Ztù~Z©Zv t Zvi Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Mfxi AvMÖn _vK‡Z n‡e, Kv‡Ri
¸i“Z¡ Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡ì mv‡_ KvR K‡i Zv‡ì gv‡S ¯^Ztù~Z©Zv
mÂvwiZ Kiv|
· †KŠkj t KvD‡K Mvwj bv w`‡q, g‡b Kó bv w`‡q, Kgx©MY m¤ú‡K©
fvjfv‡e †R‡b KvR Kiv‡bvi †KŠkj Rvb‡Z n‡e| †KŠkj Ávbnxb Awdmvi
†ewk`~i AvMv‡Z cvi‡e bv|
· my`k©b t Awdmvi‡K cwi”Qboe I cwicvwU n‡Z n‡e Ges my`¶Zvi
ewntcÖKvk _vK‡Z n‡e| Zv‡Z †m hv‡ì mv‡_ KvR Ki‡e Zv‡ì Av¯’v
evo‡e|
41

· AvZ¥wek¦vm t hv m„wó nq mycÖwk¶Y, AwfÁZv I mdjZvi mv‡_
IqvK© ÷vwW cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g| IqvK©vi, mycvifvBRv‡ii mgm¨vmg~n
ï‡b Dwo‡q bv w`‡q cvi¯úwiK Av‡jvPbv I mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g mgm¨vi
mgvavb K‡i Uc g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui mvg‡b `uvovevi ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
wb‡goe ewY©Z wewawb‡la IqvK© ÷vwW AwdmviMY Aek¨B †g‡b Pj‡e t
IqvK© ÷vwW AwdmviMY KLbB IqvK©vi‡K mivmwi Av‡`k wb‡la Ki‡e bv,
mewKQyB n‡e mycvifvBRv‡ii gva¨‡g| hw` mycvifvBRvi IqvK©vi‡K e‡j †`b IqvK©
÷vwW Awdmv‡ii K_v ïb‡e Z‡e †KejB Zv m¤¢e|
· IqvK©viMY Kv‡Ri evB‡ii †Kvb K_v ej‡j Aek¨B mycvifvBRvi‡K ejvi Rb¨
Dc‡`k w`‡Z n‡e|
· IqvK© ÷vwW Awdmvi †Kvb KvR ïi“i Av‡M mycvifvBRv‡ii mv‡_
Av‡jvPbv K‡i wVK Ki‡Z n‡e|
mycvifvBRv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ t
• jvB‡bi IqvK©v‡ii Abycw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ Rvbv,
• jvB‡bi Lvwj ¯’v‡b IqvK©vi ‡`qv,
• Avbylw½K cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ †`qv †hgb- eweb †Km, eweb, wmRvi,
KvUvi, KvU c¨v‡bj, G¨vK‡mmwiR BZ¨vw`|
• jvB‡bi eZ©gvb Uv‡M©U ejv Ges Uv‡M©U c~i‡Y DrmvwnZ Kiv |
42

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs
BDwbU -3
• eyw×gËvi mv‡_ jvBb cwiPvjbv K‡i cªWvKwUwfwU evwo‡q Uv‡M©U c~iY
Kiv|
• jvB‡bi eUj‡bK c‡q›U †ei K‡i mgvavb Kiv|
• eUj‡bK mgvav‡b cÖ‡qvRb n‡j D×©Z‡bi mvnvh¨ †bqv|
• jvB‡b KvU c¨v‡bj I G¨vK‡mmwiR mieivn wbwðZ Kiv|
• cÖwZ N›Uvq KvDw›Us †gwkb †PK Kiv Ges Zv mwVKfv‡e eënv‡ii Rb¨
Dc‡`k †`qv|
• cÖwZwbqZ myBs †KvqvwjwU †PK Kiv|
• †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡b A¶g n‡j `ª“Z D×©Zb‡K Rvbv‡bv|
• jvB‡bi IqvK©vi‡ì gvwë w¯‹j Acv‡iUi evbv‡bvi R‡b¨ †Uªwbs †`qv|
• mwVK Kv‡R mwVK Acv‡iUi wb‡qvM Kiv|
• g¨v‡bR‡g›U‡K ejvi R‡b¨ Acv‡iUi‡ì w¯‹j/`¶Zv ch©‡e¶Y Kiv|
• wb‡Ri `¶Zv e„w×i Rb¨ m`vme©`v Ávb AR©b/†Póv Kiv|
• BbcyU, AvDUcyU, wKD.wm cvm, wdwbwks wiwmf&W †KvqvbwUwUi
wbfy©j wnmve ivL‡Z n‡e|
• AjUvi `ª“Z mvwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e Ges wi‡RKkb Kgv‡Z n‡e|
• cwi®‹vi cwi”QboeZv I nvDRwKwcs m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|
• jvB‡b KvU c¨v‡bj I GK‡mmwi‡Ri mwVK eënvi wbwðZ Kiv|
• cÖWvKkb ïi“‡ZB IqvK© ÷vwW Awdmvi KZ©„K cÖ`Ë jvBb K¨vcvwmwU
†R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
• Uv‡M©U c~i‡Y K‡Vvi cwikªg Ki‡Z n‡e|
• Kg mg‡q c¨vb wcK/m‡Ÿv©”P Uv‡M©U c~i‡Y K‡Vvi cwikªg Ki‡Z n‡e|
• Ggbfv‡e `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb wb‡RB jvBbwUi gvwjK|
• d¨v±wi Z¨v‡Mi Av‡M jvB‡bi †gwkb Pvjy/eÜ, XvKv/AXvKv BZ¨vw` †PK Ki‡Z
n‡e|
43

• wcGg/GwcGg †K jvB‡bi wi‡cv©U †`qv Ges Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
• cieZ©x w`‡bi Rb¨ c¨vb Kiv|
44

jviwbs BDwbU -4 cvidi‡gÝ gwbUwis Ab `¨ †d¬vi
jviwbs BDwbU-4: cvidi‡gÝ gwbUwis Ab `¨ †d¬vi
D‡Ïk¨t G †mkb/ BDwbU †k‡l GKRb AskMÖnYKvix
Ávbt GKRb Kg©xi cvidi‡gÝ †ei Kivi c×wZ, ¸i“Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z
cvi‡eb|
`¶Zvt GKRb Kg©xi cvidi‡gÝ †ei Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj c×wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
45

jviwbs BDwbU -4 cvidi‡gÝ gwbUwis Ab `¨ †d¬vi
cÖwk¶K Awa‡ek‡bi ïi“‡Z Iqv©K †gRv‡g›U Ici msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv ‡k‡l cvidi‡gÝ
gwbUwis Ab `¨ †d¬vi Gi D‡Ïk¨ e¨L¨v Ki‡eb| Gici wZwb n¨vÛAvD‡Ui mvnv‡h¨
wZwb wb‡goev³ wek` Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ebt
· Kg©`¶Zv ch©‡e¶‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I c×wZ
· Kg©`¶Zv c©q‡e¶‡Y mycvifvBRvi‡ì KiYxq
· e¨w³MZ cvidi‡gÝ e„w×‡Z Kg©©xi KZ©e¨
· kªwg‡Ki †kªYxwefvM A_ev †MÖwWs
· kªwg‡Ki kªg I cvidi‡gÝ g~j¨vqb
· P©vwUs Ges wi‡cvwUs c×wZ
D‡jwLZ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi mgq cÖwk¶K AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖwk¶Y cÖwμqvq
m¤ú„³ Kivi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki cÖwk¶Y †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡eb| G e¨vcv‡i g~jZ wZwb
AskMÖnY cÖwk¶Y c×wZ h_v Av‡jvPbv, cÖkoe DËi BZ¨vw` eënvi Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbvi mKj †¶‡Î wZwb cÖvmw½K D`vniY w`‡eb Ges Abykxjb Kiv‡eb |
we‡kl K‡i Kg©`¶Zv ch©‡e¶‡Yi wewfboe c×wZ Abykxjb Kiv‡eb Ges Kgx©‡ì
†MÖwWs Gi c×wZwU †`wL‡q †`‡eb|
‡mkbwU †kl Kivi c~‡e© G †mk‡bi welqe¯‘i mvims‡¶c Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges G
chv©‡q Zv‡ì †Kvb cÖkoe _vK‡j hZoemnKv‡i DËi w`‡eb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì
wk¶Y chv©‡q wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ m‡Pó _vK‡eb| AZtci mKj‡K abëv` Ávcb K‡i †kl
Ki‡eb|
46

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-4
cvidi‡gÝ gwbUwis Ab `¨ †d¬vi
n¨vÛAvDU:
†d¬v‡i Kg©`¶Zv ch©‡e¶Y
Avgiv IqvK© ÷vwW Aa¨v‡q Kg©`¶Zv ev IqvK© Bwdwm‡qwÝ m¤ú‡K© c‡owQ|
†mLv‡b wewfboe AvaywbK I êÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z GKRb e¨w³ ev GKwU jvBb A_ev
GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Bwdwm‡qwÝ †ei Kivi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avgiv †m mg¯—
ZvwË¡¥K welq¸‡jv‡Z bv †h‡q mvaviY `„wófw½‡Z GKRb mycvifvBRvi wn‡m‡e
†d¬v‡i Kg©`¶Zv ch©‡e¶Y msμvš— wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|
mvaviYfv‡e GKRb e¨w³i cvidi‡gÝ ej‡Z Zvi KvR Kivi ¶gZv ev mvg_©¨‡K eySvq|
†h‡nZz welqwU gvby‡li kvixwiK I gvbwmK mvg‡_©ï mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ †m‡nZz
wn‡me K‡i mwVKfv‡e GwU †ei Kiv KwVb| †hgb t `yÕRb †`Šowe` †`Šov‡Z ïi“ Kij,
G‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡M †h Mš—‡e¨ †cuŠQv‡jv wbtm‡›`‡n Zvi cvidi‡gÝ fv‡jv Ges Zvi
Bwdwm‡qwÝ †ekx| wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z Av‡iKw`b †h wØZxq n‡qwQj †m cÖ_g n‡q
†Mj| Zvn‡j eySv †Mj †h, gvby‡li cvidi‡gÝ A‡bK mgq DVvbvgv K‡i Ges
Bwdwm‡qwÝ †mB mv‡_ ev‡o Ges K‡g| Bwdwm‡qwÝ evov ev Kgvi mv‡_ KvR
Kivi AvMªn, †Póv, Abykxjb I g‡bv‡hvM BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv m¤ú©Khy³| GKRb e¨w³i
cvidi‡g‡Ýi mv‡_ GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi cvidi‡gÝ RwoZ| GKwU jvB‡b hw` mKj kªwgK
Bwdwm‡q›U ev `¶Zvm¤úboe nq Zvn‡j †m jvB‡bi Bwdwm‡qwÝ ev `¶Zv †ewk n‡e
†mUvB ¯^vfvweK| Avgiv G Aa¨v‡q g~jZ mycvifvBRvi I kªwgK‡ì †d¬v‡i Kg©iZ
Ae¯’vq e¨w³MZ cvidi‡gÝ gwbUwis ev ch©‡e¶Y m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kie|
GKwU d¨v±ix‡Z g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui ¯—i Abyhvqx cvidi‡gÝ gwbUwis Kiv nq| †hgbt
Acv‡iU‡ii cvidi‡gÝ †`L‡e mycvifvBRvi, mycvifvBRv‡ii cvidi‡gÝ †`L‡e jvBb Pxd,
jvBb Px‡di cvidi‡gÝ ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡e †d¬vi Pxd ev cªWvKkb g¨v‡bRvi | Gfv‡e
Mv‡g©›U©m d¨v±ix‡Z mK‡ji Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kiv nq| G Revew`wnZvi †¶‡Î
cÖWvKk‡bi welqwU †hgb RwoZ †Zgwb Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³MZ I cªvwZôvwbK welq¸‡jvI
Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| †hgbt GKRb mycvifvBRvi Zvi †jvKRb wb‡q ïay cÖWvKk‡bi
welqwU wbwðZ Ki‡jB †m fv‡jv mycvifvBRvi wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡e bv hw` bv Zvi e¨w³MZ ¸Yvewj I KvRKg© Zvi Aat¯—b Kg©©x‡ì gbcyZ bv
nq| GKRb‡K Zvi cvidi‡gÝ †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ my¯’Zv I gvbwmK cÖkvwš—i
welq¸‡jvI we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Avgiv Ògvm‡jvi nvqviviwK w_IixiÓ K_v
D‡jL Ki‡Z cvwi|
Aveªvnvg gvm‡jvi w_Iix Abyhvqx GKRb gvbyl Zvi e¨w³MZ cvidi‡gÝ cÖwZwôZ Kivi
Av‡M wb‡goei welq¸‡jv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e t
· kvixwiK I ˆ`wnK Pvwn`v t evZvm, cvwb, Lv`¨, wekªvg BZ¨vw`|
47

· wbivcËvg~jK Pvwn`v t evm¯’vb, PvKzwii wbivcËv, AemiKvjxb
cwiKíbv, Bbmy¨‡iÝ BZ¨vw`|
· fv‡jvevmv Ges ¯’vei/A¯’vei m¤ú`: mš—vb, m½x, eÜz-evÜe BZ¨vw`|
· e¨w³MZ kª×v‡eva t mybvg, gh©v`v, m¤§vb BZ¨vw`|
· wbR¯^ ¯^Ëv t AR©b, ¯^vaxbZv, AvZ¥wek¦vm BZ¨vw`|
GKRb kªwg‡Ki Kg©`¶Zv ch©‡e¶Y
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki kªwgKe„›` g~jZ Awkw¶Z I Aa©wkw¶Z| d‡j Zv‡`i cvidi‡gÝ Lye `ª“Z
DVv-bvgv K‡i| ZvQvov gwnjv kªwg‡Ki †¶‡Î A‡bK mgq Kv‡Ri weiwZ N‡U| d‡j
kªwg‡Ki Kg©`¶Zv †iKwW©s Gi we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| †m‡¶‡Î
48

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-4
Acv‡iU‡ii evrmwiK cvidi‡gÝ KvW© Pvjy Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK
d¨v±ix‡ZB Acv‡iUi‡ì ˆ`wbK cvidi‡gÝ KvW© i‡q‡Q|
GKRb Acv‡iUi‡K ˆ`wbK †hŠw³K Uv‡M©U †`qvi ci †m Uv‡M©U KZyUyKz AR©b
Ki‡Z cvi‡Q Zv ˆ`wbK cvidi‡gÝ †ev‡W© Gw›Uª Kiv nq| †m Abyhvqx gvwmK
cvidi‡gÝ kxU ˆZwi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Ges gvwmK cvidi‡g‡Ýi Dci wfwË K‡i evrmwiK
cvidi‡gÝ kxU ˆZwi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G cvidi‡g‡Ýi Dci wfwË K‡iB kªwg‡Ki †MÖwWs,
†eZb, †eZb e„w×, †evbvm, c‡`vboewZ,BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw` wba©viY Kiv DwPZ|
mycvifvBRvi‡ì KiYxq
GKRb kªwg‡Ki Kg©`¶Zv ch©‡e¶Y I †iKwW©s Gi Rb¨ mycvifvBRv‡ii
¸i““Z¡ Acwimxg| mycvifvBRvi IqvK© ÷vwW K‡i kªwgK‡K h_vh_ I †hŠw³K Uv‡M©U
†`‡e Ges Zv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ me©`v Z_v cÖwZ N›Uvq gwbUwis Ki‡Z n‡e Ges h_vh_
†iKW© ivL‡Z n‡e| kªwg‡Ki mv‡_ my-eënvi I my-m¤úK© ivL‡Z n‡e| †mB mv‡_
Zvi Aat¯—b kªwgK‡ì cÖwk¶‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †gvwU‡fk‡bi ¸i““Z¡ A‡bK
†ewk|
e¨w³MZ cvidi‡gÝ evov‡Z ev cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z GBP. Avi. I d¨v±ix g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ t
· mwVK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mwVK kªwgK wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
· me©`v †gvwU‡fk‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
· kªwgK‡ì wbqwgZ KvE‡Ýwjs Ki‡Z n‡e|
· cvidi‡gÝ †MÖwWs Ges †iKwW©s Gi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
· h_vh_ cÖwk¶‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
49

· cvidi‡gÝ g~j¨vqb K‡i Zv wbw`©ó mgq ci ci kªwgK‡ì Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
· mwVK I h_vh_ wUg cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e|
· mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZvg~jK cwi‡ek ˆZwi I wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
· mycvifvBRvi‡K kªwg‡Ki cvidi‡gÝ g~j¨vq‡bi `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e|
· cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wVK K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
m‡e©vcwi Kv‡Ri myweav wbwðZ K‡i †gvwU‡fkb I KvE‡Ýwjs Gi gva¨‡g kªwgK
Kg©Pvix‡ì e¨w³MZ cvidi‡gÝ e„w×‡Z mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z n‡e|
e¨w³MZ cvidi‡gÝ e„w×‡Z Kg©©xi KZ©e¨
· cÖwZwbqZ wk¶vi AvMÖn/g‡bvfve _vK‡Z n‡e|
· Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Kg©‡¶Î‡K Av‡iv EboeZ cwi‡e‡k iƒcvš—wiZ Kivi eë¯’v
Ki‡Z n‡e|
· Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ wbR †_‡KB wb‡Z n‡e|
· ewntwe‡k¦i mv‡_ †h †Kvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K Ges wb‡Ri
cÖwZôvb‡K cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e|
50

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-4
· `¶Zv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZwbqZ PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e|
· me mgq wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zv cÖgv‡Yi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|
kªwg‡Ki †kªYxwefvM A_ev †MÖwWs
evsjv‡`‡ki kªg AvBb Abyhvqx KvR, `¶Zv BZ¨vwì wfwË‡Z Mv‡g©›Um kªwg‡Ki
†kªYxweb¨vm ev †MÖwWs Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKRb kªwgK‡K mwVKfv‡e †MÖwWs
Kivi Rb¨ Ges cieZx©‡Z †MÖW Dboeqb ev cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©`¶Zv ch©‡e¶Y I
wi‡cvwU©s Gi welqwU LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|
kªwg‡Ki kªg I cvidi‡gÝ g~j¨vqb
GKRb kªwg‡Ki `¶Zv e„w×i Rb¨ Zvi cvidi‡gÝ g~j¨vqb AZ¨š— Ri“ix| cÖ_gZt GKRb
kªwg‡Ki `¶Zv †Kvb ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î IqvK© ÷vwW
cÖ‡qvM K‡i GKRb kªwg‡Ki `¶Zv wbY©q K‡i Zv †iKW© Ki‡Z n‡e| cieZ©x‡Z
GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ci Avevi Zvi `¶Zv g~j¨vqb K‡i Zv‡K cyi®‹vi ev wZi®‹vi Kivi
eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| G eë¯’vwU h_vh_fv‡e Kvh©Ki _vK‡j †Kv¤úvbxi †hgb myweav
†Zgwb kªwg‡KiI myweav n‡e Ges cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK Zvi †hvM¨Zv I Kg©`¶Zv
Abyhvqx g~j¨vqb cv‡e| G‡¶‡Î kªwgK‡K wb‡goev³ gg©evYxwU me©`v g‡b ivL‡Z
n‡e|
Ôc„w_ex‡Z me‡P‡q `ª“Z cPbkxj n‡”Q kªgÕ|
51

jviwbs BDwbU
-5
‡cv÷ cÖWvK&kb cÖ‡mm
jviwbs BDwbU-5: ‡cv÷ cÖWvK&kb cÖ‡mm
Ávbt
K) wdwbwks †mKk‡bi Kvh©μg Ges KvR m¤úv`‡bi c×wZ m¤ú‡K©
cwi®‹vi aviYv cv‡eb;
L) †_ªW mvwKs, AvqiY, †cÖwms, evUb †PK, dvBbvj †PK I c¨vwKs
m¤^‡Ü Ávb jvf Ki‡e;
M) c¨vwKs mswkó welqvw` ( †kW g¨vwPs , G¨vmU©‡g›U I KvU©b)
m¤^‡Ü mg¨K aviYv jvf Ki‡eb|
52

jviwbs BDwbU
-5
cÖwk¶K ïi“‡Z G jviwbs BDwb‡Ui D‡Ïk¨vejx e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb Ges cÖkoe DËi I
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wdwbwks I c¨vwKs †mKk‡bi Kg©KvÛ wb‡goev³ jviwbs
Gwj‡g›U¸wj n¨vÛAvD‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ wek`fv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
wdwbwks †mKkb
wdwbwks †j AvDU
- m~Zv KvUv
- BbmvBW m~Zv KvUv I †PwKs
- AvDUmvBW m~Zv KvUv I †PwKs
- BbmvBW †cÖwms
- †_ªW mvwKs
- evUb jvMv‡bv
- IfviAj †cÖwms
- G¨v‡·mwiR ms‡hvRb
- dvBbvj †PwKs
c¨vwKs †mKkb
- †kW g¨vwPs
- G¨vmU©‡g›U wgjv‡bv
- †dvwìs
- cwj c¨vwKs
AZtci wZwb AvaywbK wdwbwks i“g Ges wbivc` c¨vwKs †mKk‡bi Dci wfwWI
cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb| wfwWI cÖ`k©‡bi ci wZwb wb‡Wj wW‡UKkb I KvU©wbs Ici
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
53

Av‡jvPbvi mKj chv©q Kgx©‡`i m¤ú„³ Kiv‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb Ges cÖkoe DË‡ii gva¨‡g
welqwU m¤^‡Ü Zv‡`i Ávb I `¶Zv e„w× Ki‡eb| ‡mkbwU †kl Kivi c~‡e© Gi ms‡¶‡c
mvi e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|
54

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-5
n¨vÛAvDU:
 wdwbwks
· wdwbwks †j AvDU t
Avgiv Rvwb, wbivcËvi K_v wPš—v K‡i wdwbwks i“g‡K `yÕwU fv‡M fvM Kiv
nq| Avgiv wdwbwks †j AvDU‡KI `yÕwU fv‡M fvM Kie t
· m~Zv KvUv t
wdwbwks †mKk‡b Mv‡g©›Um wiwmf Kivi ci cÖ_‡gB †m Mv‡g©›Um Gi
m~Zv KvU‡Z nq| m~Zv †K‡U Mv‡g©›Um‡K cwi®‹vi cwi”Qboe Kiv‡K
wUªwgs ejv nq| AvRKvj me evqv‡ii †¶‡ÎB m~Zv Lye fv‡jvfv‡e KvU‡Z nq|
evqv‡ii `„wó‡Z m~Zv KvUv fv‡jv bv n‡j G‡K Mv‡g©›Um Gi Lvivc wn‡m‡e
wPwýZ Kiv nq| myZivs †KvqvwjwUi K_v wPš—v K‡iB m~Zv KvUv
fv‡jvfv‡e Ki‡Z nq|
· BbmvBW m~Zv KvUv I †PwKs
wdwbwks †mKk‡b Mv‡g©›Um wiwmf Kivi ci cÖ_‡g Zv D‡ë wb‡Z nq|
D‡ëv mvB‡W fv‡jvfv‡e m~Zv †K‡U wb‡Z nq| Avgiv Rvwb, Mv‡g©›Um Gi
†ewkifvM †PBb †mjvB Gi †PBb¸‡jv BbmvB‡W _v‡K †m‡nZz BbmvBW
m~Zv KvwUs Gi mgq Lye mveav‡b KvU‡Z nq| KviY m~Zv KvUvi mgq
†Kvb m~Zv wQu‡o †M‡j Zv †KvqvwjwU †PwKs Gi mgq aiv bv co‡j Zv
mivmwi †fv³v‡ì nv‡Z P‡j hv‡e hv‡Z Zv‡ì c‡Yï Dci Amš‘wó Avm‡Z cv‡i|
GKvi‡Y BbmvB‡W mveavbZvi mv‡_ m~Zv KvUv AZ¨š— Ri“ix| Avgv‡ì
†`‡k A‡bK d¨v±ix‡Z BbmvB‡W m~Zv KvUv nq bv ej‡jB P‡j| wKš‘ GUv
wVK bq| BbmvBW m~Zv KvUvi ci Mv‡g©›Um Gi †fZ‡ii Ask Lye fv‡jvfv‡e
†PK Ki‡Z n‡e|
· AvDUmvBW m~Zv KvUv I †PwKs
wdwbwks †j AvD‡Ui wØZxq As‡k i‡q‡Q AvDUmvBW m~Zv KvUv I
†PwKs| BbmvB‡W cwi”Qboe K‡i m~Zv KvUvi ci AvDUmvBW Av‡iv
fv‡jvfv‡e m~Zv KvU‡Z n‡e| AvDUmvBW cwi”Qboefv‡e m~Zv KvUv bv n‡j
†m Mv‡g©›Um Gi gvb GZUvB K‡g hv‡e †h, μ‡qi mgq mn‡RB Zv †fv³vi
†Pv‡L co‡e| ZvB BbmvB‡Wi †P‡qI fv‡jvfv‡e AvDUmvB‡Wi m~Zv KvU‡Z
n‡e †hb c¨v‡K‡Ri Dci †_‡K Mv‡g©›Um‡K AvKl©Yxq g‡b nq| m~Zv
KvwUs Kivi ci Aek¨B Zv fv‡jvfv‡e †PK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
· BbmvBW †cÖwms
BbmvBW m~Zv KvUvi ci Zv †cÖwms ev Avqib Kiv LyeB Ri“ix| AvRKvj
A‡bK mgq evqvi Avqibwenxb Mv‡g©›Um Pvq| wKš‘ ZviciI †`Lv hvq hw`
55

nvjKv cwigvY BbmvB‡W Avqib bv Kiv nq Zvn‡j AvDUmvB‡W Mv‡g©›Um
Gi †MUAvc fv‡jv nq bv| ZvB evqv‡ii wb‡`©kbv bv _vK‡jI BbmvB‡W Avqib
Kiv Ri“ix| G‡¶‡Î Kvco hw` Lye †ewk cvZjv nq Zvn‡j Avqib ¯úk© bv K‡i Dci
†_‡K ÷xg w`‡q nvZ w`‡q Mv‡g©›Um Gi cvU©m¸‡jv ewm‡q †`qv nq|
56

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-5
· †_ªW mvwKs
evqv‡ii wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx AvRKvj d¨v±ix¸‡jv‡Z †_ªW mvwKs †gwkb _vKv
Ri“ix| BbmvBW Ges AvDUmvBW wUªwgs Ges †PwKs Gi ci Zv †_ªW
mvwKs †gwkb w`‡q jyR m~Zv¸‡jv cwi®‹vi K‡i wb‡Z nq| †_ªW mvwKs
†gwkb
e¨envi bv Kiv n‡j wdwbwks i“‡g m~Zv Do‡Z _v‡K Ges wewfboe
Mv‡g©›Um Gi g‡a¨ GgbwK dvBbvj †PK Kiv Mv‡g©›Um¸‡jvi mv‡_I †j‡M
†h‡Z cv‡i|
· evUb jvMv‡bv
mvaviY Mv‡g©›Um †hgb t wU kvU©, Bjvw÷K UªvDRvi BZ¨vw` Qvov
†gvUvgywU me ai‡bi Mv‡g©›U‡mB evUb _v‡K| evUb me mgq wdwbwks
†mKk‡b jvMv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| Avgiv mvaviYZ †nvj ev PK evUb jvwM‡q
_vwK evUb w÷P †gwk‡b Ges ø¨vc ev k¨v¼ evUb jvwM‡q _vwK ø¨vc
G¨vUvP †gwk‡b| †h‡Kvb ai‡bi evUb jvMv‡bvi Av‡M Aek¨B evUb †c-m‡
g›U gvwK©s K‡i wb‡Z nq| bZzev evUb jvMv‡bv fyj n‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i
ø¨vc ev k¨v¼ evUb n‡j Aek¨B Zv mvwKs K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
· IfviAj †cÖwms
evqv‡ii hw` †cÖwms msμvš— Ab¨ †Kvb wb‡`©kbv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j G
ch©v‡q G‡m Mv‡g©›Um Gi AvDUmvB‡W Lye fv‡jv K‡i Avqib Ki‡Z n‡e|
mwVK Avqi‡bi gva¨‡g Mv‡g©›Um Gi A‡bK mgm¨v `~ixf~Z nq Ges
†MUAvc my›`i I AvKl©Yxq nq|
· G¨v‡·mwiR ms‡hvRb
Mv‡g©›Um Lye fv‡jvfv‡e Avqib ev †cÖwms Kivi ci Zv‡Z me ai‡bi
G¨v‡·mwiR †hgb t n¨v½U¨vM, cÖvBm U¨vM, evi‡KvW w÷Kvi BZ¨vw`
57

jvMv‡bv nq| G‡¶‡Î evqv‡ii †`qv wb‡`©kbv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Kiv evÃbxq|
G¨v‡·mwiR mvaviYZ †W‡Kv‡ikb I dvskbvj Dfq KvRB K‡i _v‡K| ZvB
G¨v‡·mwiR jvMv‡bvi mgq Aek¨B j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e Zv †hb Dfq D‡Ïk¨B c~Y©
K‡i| G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb wKQy A¯úó _vK‡j Zv Aek¨B D×©Zb KZ©…c‡¶i KvQ
†_‡K mwVKfv‡e †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
· dvBbvj †PwKs
GKwU wdwbwks †mKk‡bi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR n‡jv dvBbvj †PwKs Kiv|
G †mKk‡bi †PwKs n‡Z nq Lye fv‡jvfv‡e| †Kbbv wdwbwks dvBbvj †PwKs
Gi ci mvaviYZ Avi †Kvb 100% †PwKs nq bv| myZivs G †PwKs Gi mgq hw`
†Kvbfv‡e wbægv‡bi †Kvb Mv‡g©›Um cvm n‡q P‡j hvq Zvn‡j Zv mivmwi
†fv³vi Kv‡Q P‡j hvq| GKvi‡Y G †PwKs A‡bK ¸i“Z¡ enb K‡i| wdwbwks
†mKk‡b †PwKs Gi Rb¨ Aek¨B AwfÁ wKD wm wba©viY Ki‡Z nq|
 c¨vwKs †mKkb
c¨vwKs †mKk‡bi †j AvD‡U Mv‡g©›Um †dvwìs †_‡K ïi“ K‡i KvU©b Kiv
ch©š— KvRMy‡jv n‡q _v‡K| G †mKkbwU‡Z †h‡nZz mg¯— gvjvgvj
c¨vwKs nq †m‡nZz GLv‡b wbivcËvi welqwU Lye fv‡jvfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z
nq| G †mKk‡bi †j AvDU wbæi~c:
58

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-5
· †kW g¨vwPs
hw` mwjW Kvjvi A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb Mvp Kvjv‡ii KvR Kiv nq, Zvn‡j G †mKk‡b
Mv‡g©›Um Gi †kW g¨vwPs Ki‡Z nq| †h‡nZz Kvc‡o ivwbs †kW _v‡K Ges
Mv‡g©›Um ˆZwi Kivi ci Gi cÖfve †mB Mv‡g©›Um G c‡o ZvB c¨vwKs †mKk‡b
†kW g¨vwPs Kiv AZ¨š— Ri“ix|
· G¨vmU©‡g›U wgjv‡bv
†kW g¨vwPs Gi ci Mv‡g©›Um Gi G¨vmU©‡g›U wgjv‡Z nq| A_©vr †h
mvBR¸‡jvi mgš^‡q Mv‡g©›Um c¨vwKs n‡e †m¸‡jv GKwÎZ K‡i c¨vwKs Gi
Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z nq|
· †dvwìs
G¨vmU©‡g›U wgjv‡bvi ci Mv‡g©›Um‡K †dvwìs Gi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z nq|
†dvwìs †mKk‡b fv‡jv †dvwìsg¨vb w`‡q Mv‡g©›Um †dvwìs Kiv‡Z nq| KviY
†dvwìs Gi Dci Mv‡g©›Um Gi †MUAvc A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i| †dvwìs Kivi
mgq Aek¨B GKwU gvc wVK ivL‡Z nq| g~jZ cwje¨v‡Mi †P‡q GKUz †QvU
gv‡c Mv‡g©›Um †dvwìs Kiv nq | Z‡e A‡bK mgq Mv‡g©›Um hLb n¨v½v‡i
Szwj‡q wkc‡g›U Kiv nq ZLb Zv †dvwìs Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv|
· cwj c¨vwKs
Mv‡g©›Um †dvwìs Gi ci Zv cwj e¨v‡M XywK‡q c¨vwKs Ki‡Z nq| cwj
e¨v‡M XyKv‡bvi mgq Aek¨B evqv‡ii †`qv wb‡`©kbv d‡jv Ki‡Z n‡e|
· KvU©wbs
cwj c¨vwKs Gi ci Mv‡g©›Um mivmwi KvU©‡b XyKv‡Z nq| cwj Kiv Mv‡g©›Um
mivmwi KvU©b Kivi ci my›`ifv‡e KvU©‡bi gyL eÜ Ki‡Z nq| eÜ Kiv KvU©b Gici
59

c¨vwKs †mKkb †_‡K d¨v±ixi wbivc` KvU©b †MvWvD‡b †i‡L †`qv nq| Gici Zv
cieZ©©x Kvh©μ‡gi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq|
GLv‡b D‡jL¨ †h, DcwiD³ c¨vwKs †mKk‡bi †h †j AvDUwU Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q Zv n‡”Q hw` c¨vwKs nq we÷vi cwj K‡i Zvi ci KvU©wbs| hw`
Mv‡g©›Um c¨vwKs wm‡½j cwj m¤úboe nq Zvn‡j †kW g¨vwPs Gi ci cª_‡g
†dvwìs, Gi ci cwj c¨vwKs Ges me©‡kl G¨vmU©‡g›U K‡i Zv KvU©‡b
XyKv‡bv nq|
· AvIqviwj cÖWvKkb ch©‡e¶Y
GKwU wdwbwks †mKkb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †m †mKk‡bi cÖwZ N›Uvi
cÖWvKkb ch©‡e¶Y Kiv AZ¨š— Ri“ix| †h‡nZz Mv‡g©›Um BÛvw÷ª‡Z
me©`vB Uv‡M©‡Ui wfwË‡Z KvR nq †m‡nZz G Uv‡M©U c~iY n‡”Q wKbv
Zv cÖwZ N›Uvq ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z nq| wdwbwks †mKk‡b A‡bK mgq A‡bK
Mv‡g©›Um Rgv n‡q hvq| Mv‡g©›Um Rgv n‡q †M‡j Zv mwVKfv‡e
wdwbwks Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| wbqgvbyhvqx myBs AvDUcy‡Ui Mv‡g©›Um
hw` Iqvk bv _v‡K Zvn‡j GKw`b Ges hw` Iqvk _v‡K Zvn‡j m‡e©v”P `yB
w`‡bi g‡a¨ c¨vwKs m¤úboe Ki‡Z n‡e| GKvi‡Y †j AvD‡Ui cÖwZwU av‡c
Avjv`v cÖWvKkb †evW© jvwM‡q AvIqviwj cÖWvKkb gwbUwis I K‡›Uªvj
Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Aek¨B †KvqvwjwUi e¨vcviwU †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
60

n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU
-5
Avgiv wdwbwks m¤ú‡K© co‡Z wM‡q c~‡e©B †R‡bwQ G wWcvU©‡g›U‡K
wdwbwks I c¨vwKs G `yÕwU †mKk‡b wef³ Kiv nq| c¨vwKs †mKkb AZ¨š—
¯úk©KvZi nIqvq G †mKk‡bi wbivcËv †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| ZvB c¨vwKs †mKkb
Avjv`v nq Ges GLv‡b me©`v wbivcËv †eóbx _vK‡Z nq| Gev‡i Avgiv coe wewfboe
ai‡bi c¨vwKs Gi welq¸‡jv|
Mv‡g©›Um Gi c¨vwKs g~jZ `yÕwU wel‡qi Dci n‡q _v‡K t
o Kvjvi ev is
o mvBR
Kvjvi Gi Dci hLb evqvi c¨vwKs wba©viY K‡i †`q ZLb †mUv nq t
o mwjW Kvjvi c¨vwKs, hLb c¨vwKs nq GKwU Kvjv‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i|
o G¨vm‡U©W Kvjvi c¨vwKs, hLb c¨vwKs nq GKvwaK Kvjv‡ii Dci wfwË
K‡i|
Avevi mvB‡Ri Dci wfwË K‡iI c¨vwKs nq t
o mwjW mvBR c¨vwKs, hLb c¨vwKs nq ïaygvÎ GKwU mvB‡Ri Dci wfwË
K‡i|
o G¨vm‡U©W mvBR c¨vwKs, hLb c¨vwKs nq GKvwaK mvB‡Ri Dci wfwË K‡i|
myZivs DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv eyS‡Z cvw”Q c¨vwKs g~jZ nq t
o mwjW Kvjvi mwjW mvBR,
o mwjW Kvjvi G¨vm‡U©W mvBR,
o G¨vm‡U©W Kvjvi mwjW mvBR,
o G¨vm‡U©W Kvjvi G¨vm‡U©W mvBR|
GQvov c¨vwKs ej‡Z Avgiv cwj c¨vwKs‡KI eywS| Mv‡g©›Um msL¨vMZ
cwj Kivi †¶‡Î Avgiv `yÕwU fv‡M fvM Ki‡Z cvwi|
o wm‡½j/BwÛwfRyqvj/wcm cwj,
61

o we÷vi cwj
GKwU cwj e¨v‡M GKwUgvÎ Mv‡g©›U XywK‡q hw` cwj c¨vwKs Kiv nq Zvn‡j
Zv‡K wm‡½j ev wcm cwj e‡j| Avevi hw` GKvwaK Mv‡g©›Um GKwU cwj e¨v‡M
XyKv‡bv nq Zvn‡j Zv‡K we÷vi cwj e‡j|
wb‡Wj wW‡UKkb
wb‡Wj wW‡UKkb LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU welq| Avgiv hLb myBs †mKk‡b
Mv‡g©›Um †mjvB Kwi ZLb wewfboe mgq, wewfboe c‡q‡›U wb‡Wj fv½vi m¤
¢vebv _v‡K Ges A‡bK wb‡Wj fv‡½| wb‡W‡ji fv½v UzKiv †ekxi fvM mg‡qB
Kvc‡oi †mjvB Kiv mx‡gi g‡a¨ †_‡K hvIqvi m¤¢vebv| G m¤¢vebv‡K Avgv‡ì
evqviiv Lye †ekx fq cvq| Zv‡ì g‡Z wb‡Wj fv½vi ci †_‡K †fv³vi nv‡Z Mv‡g©›Um
†cuŠQv‡Z †h cwigvY mgq jv‡M †m mg‡q fv½v wb‡W‡j gwiPv c‡o| G gwiPv cov
e¯‘ hw` †Kvb Ae¯’v‡Z †LuvPv Lvq Zvn‡j Zv †_‡K abyósKvi n‡Z ïi“ K‡i K¨vÝvi
ch©š— n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB evqvi‡ì `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Avgv‡ì KiYxq welq n‡”Q wb‡Wj
wW‡UKkb K‡i hw` fv½v wb‡Wj Mv‡g©›Um Gi g‡a¨ bv cvIqv hvq †mB
Mv‡g©›Um ïaygvÎ wkc‡g›U Kiv|
n¨vÛAvDU
jviwbs BDwbU -5 ‡cv÷ cÖWvK&kb cÖ‡mm
wb‡Wj wW‡UKk‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Wj wW‡UKiUi †gwkb eënvi Kiv nq| Ggwb‡Z †mjvB
Kivi mgq hw` †Kvb wb‡Wj fv‡½ Z‡e †mB RvqMvq †PK K‡i GgbwK Pz¤^K`Û
eënvi K‡i wb‡Wji cÖ‡Z¨KwU Ask Luy‡R †ei Kiv ZviciI †h‡nZz †mjvB‡qi mgqB
wb‡Wj fv‡½ Zv †h‡Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB mx‡gi †fZi †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i| AvRKvj G welqwU
A‡bK eo †K¬Bg ev Rwigvbvi welq n‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q|
†h‡nZz wdwbwks i“g wdwbwks †mKkb I c¨vwKs †mKkb G `yÕwU As‡k wef³
†m‡nZz wb‡Wj wW‡UKk‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ wb‡Wj wW‡U±i †gwkb G `yÕwU
62

†mKk‡bi gvSLv‡b ivLv evÃbxq| †m wn‡m‡e ejv hvq Mv‡g©›Um Gi wdwbwks †kl
nIqvi
ci †m Mv‡g©›Um wb‡Wj wW‡U±i †gwk‡b cvm n‡q c¨vwKs †mKk‡b XyK‡e|
Avevi Mv‡g©›Um Gi evUb I Ab¨ †Kvb wdwbwks AvB‡U‡g hw` †gUvj _v‡K Zvn‡j
†m e¯‘wU hy³ Kivi Av‡M wb‡Wj wW‡UKkb K‡i †bqv DwPr| †m‡¶‡Î myBs ev
Iqvwks †mKkb †_‡K gvjvgvj hLb wdwbwks †mKk‡b XyK‡e ZLbB Zv K‡i †bqv
DwPr|
Avgv‡ì †`‡k A‡bK d¨v±ix‡Z wb‡Wj wW‡U±i †gwkb _vK‡jI †m †gwk‡bi h_vh_
eënvi †bB| GwU AZ¨š— `ytLRbK| cÖwZwU d¨v±ix‡Z wb‡Wj wW‡U±i †gwkb
_vKv Ges Gi h_vh_ eënvi Kiv DwPr e‡j G †m±‡ii we‡klÁ‡ì AwfgZ|
KvU©wbs
GKwU wdwbwks i“‡gi †kl avc A_©vr c¨vwKs †mKk‡bi †kl KvR n‡”Q Mv‡g©›Um
KvU©wbs Kiv| AvRKvj evqviMY KvU©b m¤ú‡K©I w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡q _v‡K|
cÖ_gZt KvU©b †h KvM‡R ˆZwi n‡e †m KvM‡Ri msL¨vi Dci KvU©‡bi ¸i“Z¡ wbf©i
K‡i| Avgiv †h gvjvgvj wkc‡g›U Kwi Zv‡Z 5 cvB I 7 cvB KvU©b †ekx eëüZ nq|
gvjvgvj wkc‡g›U Gi mgq KvU©b †hb h_vh_ k³ nq †mRb¨ mwVKfv‡e KvU©‡bi
cyi“Z¡ wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| GgbwK G welqwU evqvi‡K w`‡q G¨vcÖ“fI Kiv‡Z nq|
myZivs KvU©‡bi e¨vcv‡i cÖ_‡g wVK Ki‡Z n‡e KvU©‡bi cyi“Z¡ †Kgb n‡e| Avgiv
g~jZ `yB ai‡bi KvU©b eënvi K‡i _vwKt
d¬¨vc e· I †Uwj‡¯‹vwcK e·
Avgv‡ì †`k †_‡K hZ Mv‡g©›Um wkc‡g›U nq Zvi g‡a¨ 90 fv‡MiI †ekx Mv‡g©›Um
Avgiv wkc‡g›U Kwi d¬¨vc e‡· K‡i| mvaviYZ eªvDb Kvjv‡ii Dci I bx‡Pi w`‡K
d¬¨v‡ci g‡Zv †h AskMy‡jv _v‡K Ges G Ask¸‡jv †K¬vR Ki‡j KvU©b †K¬vR n‡q
hvq Ggb KvU©b‡K ejv nq d¬¨vc e·|
63

A‡bK mgq Mv‡g©›Um wkc‡g‡›Ui mgq RyZv ev‡·i g‡Zv GK ai‡bi e· eënvi Kiv nq
†h e‡· bx‡P GKwU cv‡Îi g‡Zv _v‡K Ges Dc‡i XvKbv _v‡K †m iKg ev·‡K
†Uwj‡¯‹vwcK e· e‡j|
†h ai‡Yi KvU©bB eënvi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb Mv‡g©›Um¸‡jv‡K Lye my›ì K‡i
KvU©‡b †i‡L Zv Mvg‡Uc w`‡q †K¬vR Kiv nq| KvU©b †K¬vR Kivi mgq Aek¨B
GUv †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e KvU©‡bi †fZi ivLv Mv‡g©›Um Gi G¨vmU©‡g›U Ges
cwigvY wVK Av‡Q wKbv| my›ìfv‡e KvU©b †K¬vR K‡i wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b KvU©b
†i‡L w`‡Z n‡e cieZx Kvh©μg Z_v dvBbvj BÝ‡cKkb I wkc‡g‡›Ui Rb¨| KvU©b
†K¬vR Kivi mgq AZ¨š— hZoeevb n‡Z n‡e KviY G KvU©b hLb evqv‡ii Kv‡Q hv‡e
†m G¸‡jv mvRv‡bv Ae¯’vq wiwmf Ki‡e| hw` KvU©‡bi †mŠ›`h© wVK bv _v‡K
Zvn‡j evqvi Avgv‡ì i“wP‡eva I KvR m¤ú‡K© cÖkoe Zzj‡e| myZivs KvU©b Kivi
mgq Aek¨B m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|
64

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