Blending is important both as part of the planning process, to decide how refinery process units should be operated, and also in order to determine how blendstocks should be combined to ensure that they are all economically utilised and product specifications are met safely, efficiently and economically.This 2 day Blending course provides an overview of the necessary elements of the blending process for the key refinery products and an insight into how the optimum blends should be calculated. Future changes in product specifications will be discussed along with the implications to the refiner.

1. REFINING BLENDING
Conducted by Course Director:
Mike Sachs
Since 2002 Mike has been an associate consultant of KBC Process Consulting, and of CWA International
Ltd, as well as an independent consultant to the petroleum industry, specialising in oil refinery and
terminal operations, particularly related to storage, handling and blending.
www.petroEDGEasia.net

2. ADVANCED OIL TRADING & PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT – LEVEL 2REFINING BLENDING
Conduct this training course in-house for more effective savings!
Call us at +65 6741 9927 or email to info@asiaedge.net. For more information, visit us at
www.petroedgeasia.net
This three day oil blending course is designed to give participants a good understanding of the fundamentals of
product blending in refineries and oil terminals, the quality and economic drivers, modern blending methods and
technology, and current critical issues affecting product blending.
Course Description
The course achieves this through a balanced mix of interactive lectures, discussion and individual and group
exercises. The lectures discuss the significance of product quality to both the blender and to the user, blend
component selection and current specification trends for the major products – gasoline, jet, diesel and fuel. They
also address issues of quality testing and safety margins, what to do when it goes wrong, the software and
hardware used for blending and blend performance monitoring.
After completing this course you will:
The exercises will give participants an opportunity to build a simple Excel blending model, and to experiment
with the effects of quantity, quality and economics on more complex blending models. For these exercises
participants will need a laptop. The exercises will progress to blending with Linear Programming optimisation
Who Should Attend
It is an intermediate level course suitable for engineers and technicians starting to blend, experienced blenders
needed a refresher, or managers wrestling with a new responsibility. Previous attendees have included corporate
and local production planning staff, tank-farm supervisors, traders organising terminal blending, product additive
suppliers, blend system design engineers etc.
The course has been given many times by Mike Sachs, who has extensive personal experience of blending, both
as a blend planner and manager of installations where blending was fundamental to their activities.
About your Expert Faculty: Mike Sachs
Since 2002 Mike has been an associate consultant of KBC Process Consulting, and of CWA
International Ltd, as well as an independent consultant to the petroleum industry, specialising in oil
refinery and terminal operations, particularly related to storage, handling and blending.
Mike has also acted as an expert witness in several civil cases involving potential operational
negligence in oil refineries and terminals, including the high profile cases of the Buncefield disaster
in the UK in 2005 and a similar disaster in Malaysia in 2008. He has also acted as an expert witness in many
disputes over product quality.
Prior to KBC, Mike was for 9 years General Manager of an independent oil refinery/terminal at the Belgian
Refining Corporation, responsible for all aspects of the management of the corporation. Previously he spent 23
years with British Petroleum and 3 years with Statoil. His wide experience includes Oil Refinery and Oil Terminal
Operations, Planning, Engineering, Maintenance, Information Systems Development, Production Management,
Business Development and General Management.
Mike has regularly given training courses particularly on blending

3. ADVANCED OIL TRADING & PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT – LEVEL 2REFINING BLENDING
Conduct this training course in-house for more effective savings!
Call us at +65 6741 9927 or email to info@asiaedge.net. For more information, visit us at
www.petroedgeasia.net
THREE DAY COURSE AGENDA
DAY 1
Introduction and Objectives
 Outline course objectives
 Icebreaker to introduce delegates
 Course methodology – interactive lectures, discussion,
individual and group exercises
Introduction to Product Blending
 Significance of specifications, testing precision, blending
margins – practical exercise.
 Concept of linear and non-linear blending
Fuel Blending
 Fuel Specifications
 Fuel test methods, significance for fuel performance, and
critical blending parameters
 Concept of Blending Indices
Exercises : Fuel Blending and Economics
 Determine the optimum blend, and then calculating the
cost of correcting the blend
 Valuing all of the potential components
Jet Blending
 Jet Specifications
 Jet test methods and significance for fuel performance
 How CDU cutpoints change flash and freeze points
DAY 2
Diesel Blending
 Diesel Specifications – Environmental issues
 Diesel test methods, significance for performance and
critical blending parameters
 Additives to improve performance
Exercises : Diesel Blending and Economics
 There’s more to it than just sulphur
 Diesel components - How much LCO can be blended into
diesel?
Bio-Diesel
 A threat or a promise?
 Green Diesel, GTL
What happens if you get it wrong?
 Fuel, Jet/Avgas, Diesel
DAY 3
Gasoline Blending
 Gasoline Specifications – Environmental issues
 Gasoline test methods, significance for fuel performance
and critical blending parameters
 Oxygenates (MTBE and Ethanol) and gasoline additives
Exercises : Gasoline Blending and Economics
 Why is gasoline more difficult to blend than in the past?
 Calculate a blend to meet on spec gasoline when Ethanol
is added at the depot
 Economics of Gasoline blending
Blending Technology in the Refinery and Terminal
 Software and systems for blending
 Where does blend planning fit into the overall scheme
 Tank-farm and blending hardware - Tank blending, in-
line ratio control blending, in-line property control – walk
through a modern automatic blending system- pros and
cons
 Mixing, Sampling and analysis
 Quality assurance - Certification of tank and in-line
blends
 Re-blending and correcting
Performance Monitoring
 If it’s never off-spec then the margins are too big
 The costs of quality giveaway and choosing the wrong
components
This course is designed to complement the other refining courses run by petroEDGE.
There will be worked examples and participants should bring a laptop with Excel.
petroEDGE is a specialist training provider with our key training hubs based in South
East Asia. Since inception in 2007, we have trained over 250 geoscientists in various
disciplines in the Oil & Gas sector. Our core focus is in developing competency in the
local workforce in leading national & International oil operators and contractors.
As the accelerated pace of change in the Downstream Oil & Gas sector accelerates makes this sector one of the world’s most
competitive and complex business environments, petroEDGE has developed a series of training programmes specifically for
the Downstream sector focusing upon 10 key areas, namely:
* Industry Fundamentals * Refining * Petrochemicals * Trading * Finance and Accounting * Gas & LNG
* Processes, Facilities and Maintenance * Bunkering & Shipping * Ports, Terminals and Storage * Midstream (i.e.
pipelines)
To learn more about us, visit www.petroedgeasia.net

4. ADVANCED OIL TRADING & PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT – LEVEL 2REFINING BLENDING
Conduct this training course in-house for more effective savings!
Call us at +65 6741 9927 or email to info@asiaedge.net. For more information, visit us at
www.petroedgeasia.net
DELEGATE DETAILS
Delegate 1
Please note
- Indicate if you have already registered by Phone +Fax +Email +Web
- If you have not received an acknowledgement before the training
course, please call us to confirm your booking.
- Photocopy this form to register multiple delegates.
PAYMENT METHODS
By Cheque/ Bank Draft
Make Payable to Asia Edge Pte. Ltd.
By Direct Transfer
Please quote your invoice number with the remittance advise
Account Name: Asia Edge Pte. Ltd.
Bank Number: 508 Account Number: 762903-001
Swift Code: OCBCSGSG
All bank charges to be borne by payer. Please ensure that Asia Edge
Pte Ltd receives the full invoiced amount.
PAYMENT POLICY
Payment is due in full at the time of registration. Full payment is
mandatory for event attendance. By submitting this registration form,
you have agreed to Asia Edge Pte Ltd’s payment terms
CANCELLATIONS & SUBSTITUTIONS
You may substitute delegates at any time. ASIA EDGE PTE LTD does
not provide refunds for cancellations. For cancellations received in
writing more than seven (7) days prior to the training course you will
receive a 100% credit to be used at another ASIA EDGE PTE LTD
training course for up to one year from the date of issuance. For
cancellations received seven (7) days or less prior to an event
(including day 7), no credits will be issued. In the event that ASIA EDGE
PTE LTD cancels an event, delegate payments at the date of
cancellation will be credited to a future ASIA EDGE PTE LTD event. This
credit will be available for up to one year from the date of issuance. In
the event that ASIA EDGE PTE LTD postpones an event, delegate
payments at the postponement date will be credited towards the
rescheduled date. If the delegate is unable to attend the rescheduled
event, the delegate will receive a 100% credit representing payments
made towards a future ASIA EDGE PTE LTD event. This credit will be
available for up to one year from the date of issuance. No refunds will
be available for cancellations or postponements.
ASIA EDGE PTE LTD is not responsible for any loss or damage as a
result of a substitution, alteration or cancellation/postponement of an
event. ASIA EDGE PTE LTD shall assume no liability whatsoever in the
event this training course is cancelled, rescheduled or postponed due
to a fortuitous event, Act of God, unforeseen occurrence or any other
event that renders performance of this training course impracticable
or impossible. For purposes of this clause, a fortuitous event shall
include, but not be limited to: war, fire, labor strike, extreme weather
or other emergency.
PROGRAM CHANGE POLICY
Please note that speakers and topics were confirmed at the time of
publishing; however, circumstances beyond the control of the
organizers may necessitate substitutions, alterations or cancellations
of the speakers and/or topics. As such, ASIA EDGE PTE LTD
reserves the right to alter or modify the advertised speakers and/or
topics if necessary. Any substitutions or alterations will be updated on
our web page as soon as possible.
ASIA EDGE PTE. LTD.
Company Registration No: No. 200710561C
Copyright@ 2005 ASIA EDGE PTE LTD. All rights reserved.
This brochure may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced,
translated, or converted to any electronic or machine-readable form in
whole or in part without prior written approval of ASIA EDGE PTE LTD
 Mr  Ms  Mrs  Dr  Others:
Name :
Job Title :
Department :
Telephone No. :
Email :
Delegate 2
 Mr  Ms  Mrs  Dr  Others:
Name :
Job Title :
Department :
Telephone No. :
Email :
Company :
Address :
Country : Postcode:
Attention
Invoice to :
Telephone No. :
Fax No. :
4 EASY WAYS TO REGISTER
 Online: www.petroedgeasia.net
 Email: info@asiaedge.net
 Phone: +65 6741 9927
 Fax: +65 6747 8737
REFINING BLENDING
R E G I S T R A T I O N F O R M