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Paul.lesson.6.post.exilic.persians
1.
Lesson 6 The
Post Exilic Period – The Persians 11/29/15 1© John R. Wible
2.
• 740 BC
– Northern Kingdom Falls • 586 BC – Southern Kingdom Falls 11/29/15 2© John R. Wible Province of Yehud – Two Steps
3.
Mene, mene, tekel,
u pharsin 11/22/15 3© John R. Wible The “Prince of Persia” & The Handwritten Wall
4.
• Cyrus issues
a Decree: “Go home” • Recorded on the “Cyrus Prism” 11/29/15 4© John R. Wible The Cyrus Prism
5.
• I am
Cyrus, King of the World. . . • King of the four rims of the earth. • I returned to these sacred cities on the other side of the Tigris the sanctuaries. . . the images which used to live therein • I gathered their inhabitants and to return • I resettled upon the command of Marduk, the great lord, all the gods of [the Kurds] and Akkad whom [the Babylonian King] had brought into Babylon 11/29/15 5© John R. Wible What the Prism Said:
6.
• This was
a process that we’ll see. 11/29/15 6© John R. Wible The Temple was [Finally] Rebuilt
7.
• Darius I
Issues a Second Decree to the Satraps to allow the completion 11/29/15 7© John R. Wible Darius I Issues a Second Decree
8.
Possibly the single
most important development in the post-Exilic period was the promotion and eventual dominance of the idea and practice of Jewish exclusivity, the idea that the Jews . . . were, or should be, a race apart from all others. – Levine. 11/29/15 8© John R. Wible Jewish “Exclusivity”
9.
• Local Canaanites
excluded • All Gentiles excluded • Samaritans excluded • Eventually, “anyone the rulers did not like was excluded • The last bullet Paul and Jesus oppose 11/29/15 9© John R. Wible From Purity to Zionism
10.
• By the
end of the Post-exilic period, Judah had deep contempt for the Samaritans. • Reticent to even say the word “Samaritan” or • Travel through Samaria, • Walking to the Galilee by making a double cross of the Jordan River to their East. 11/29/15 10© John R. Wible “Bad” Samaritans
11.
• Persia was
not a nation in the post- modern sense of the word. • Rather, a city-state that expanded by war • That’s the way it was done. 11/29/15 11© John R. Wible Persia ≠ “Nation” v
12.
• Cyrus was
Mede • Medes were Aryans • Had their own language (now gone) • Worshipped Ahura-Mazda • Hitler, too loved “Aryans.” 11/29/15 12© John R. Wible Cyrus “Created” Persian Empire
13.
• Some did
not leave Babylon • Jeremiah’s prophesy: – Build houses and settle down; plant gardens and eat what they produce. – Seventy year long exile 11/29/15 13© John R. Wible Exiles Returned in Stages
14.
• The Temple
was finished • Not everyone liked it • But, Darius I, Cyrus grandson decreed its completion 11/29/15 14© John R. Wible Temple Finished
15.
• Not a
“sappy love story” • A Picture of anti- Semitism in Susa • Esther rises to the occasion • Mordechai advises her • Jews are saved. 11/29/15 15© John R. Wible The “Esther Interlude”
16.
• Ezra Returns •
People have abandoned the faith • Married local women • Ezra makes them “un-marry.” • Ezra reads all the Torah • People agree to be faithful • This probably settled the issue 11/29/15 16© John R. Wible Ezra Return to Find an Unholy Mess
17.
• Despite opposition
the Wall is finished • Judah is once again a nation • Unity prevails . . . For a while • Old politics takes over • Since they cant’ have “king,” High Priest increasingly assumes control 11/29/15 17© John R. Wible Nehemiah on The Wall (And Won’t Come Down)
18.
11/29/15 18© John
R. Wible “The God of Heaven?”
19.
11/29/15 19© John
R. Wible “The God of Heaven?” To whom was Cyrus referring in his decree? Could it be Ahura Mazda?
20.
11/29/15 20© John
R. Wible You May Recognize the Ahura Mazda Symbol
21.
• End of
Davidic Monarchy (until Jesus) • Kings replaced by High Priests • Traditional 12 tribe organization changed to smaller family units • (Except Levi and the Priesthood) • Concept of YHWH solidified as the “only God” 11/29/15 21© John R. Wible Effects of the Captivity on the Nation
22.
• Hedges kept
one back from the edge • Therefore not even close to violation • Hedges warn of nearness to sin • Scribes and Pharisees as chief enforcers 11/29/15 22© John R. Wible Institution of Regulatory “Hedges” (Khumra)
23.
11/29/15 23© John
R. Wible Hedge System’s Abuse • 613 “Words” • Volumes of Rules • Oral and written tradition • Paul says it points out that no one is good enough to keep from sin. – Romans 3:9-12, 21-23 • Thus the need for the Messiah
24.
• Aramaic overtakes
Classical Hebrew as the common language • God’s destruction of temple was demonstration of His power • Restoration of temple was demonstration of His grace 11/29/15 24© John R. Wible A “New World Order”
25.
• We’ll see
him next time as we discuss Hellenism. 11/29/15 25 What about Daniel?
26.
Let’s Pray About
It 11/29/15 26© John R. Wible© John R. Wible
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