This document provides an overview of the historical, religious, and cultural contexts of Judaism from the Exilic period through the Roman period. It discusses the major periods of the Second Temple, including the Exilic, Persian, Hellenistic, Maccabean, and Roman periods. It also summarizes some of the key aspects of religion, texts and canon, sects, accommodation/rebellion tendencies, and the overall Greco-Roman religious context during this time period.