The document outlines different patterns of writing such as narration, description, definition, classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, problem and solution, and persuasion. It provides examples of each pattern and signal words to introduce each type of pattern in writing to help elaborate ideas and points clearly. The different patterns allow writers to structure information and ideas in a text in an organized manner.

1. Tell a story
Use descriptive words
Define terms/ concepts
Classify ideas
Give examples
Compare and Contrast Provide cause and effect
Discuss problem and solution
Persuade readers

2. LESSON #1

4. - is a repeated form or technique
in writing which allows writers
to clearly elaborate points/ ideas
in a text.

5. NARRATION
DESCRIPTION DEFINITION
CLASSIFICATION AND
EXEMPLIFICATION COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST
CAUSE AND
EFFECT
PROBLEM
AND
SOLUTION
PERSUASION

6. The idea for this book was born one night after a grueling conversation
with my then eleven-year-old son. He had come home from his
progressive middle school unnaturally quiet and withdrawn, shrugging off
my questions of concern with uncharacteristic irritability. Where was the
sunny, chatty boy I dropped off that morning? What had befallen him in
the perilous halls of middle school? I backed off but kept a close eye on
him, watching for clues.
After a big bowl of his favorite pasta, he sat on a sofa in my study and
read his science textbook as I wrote at my desk. We both enjoyed this
simple yet profound togetherness, the two of us focused on our own
projects yet palpably connected. As we worked under the soft glow of
paper lanterns, with the heat on high and our little dog snoring at his feet,
my son began to relax. I could feel a shift as he began to remember, deep
in his body, that he was home, that he was safe, that he did not have to
brace to protect himself from the expectations of the outside world.

7. 1. Narration

8. 1. Narration
Clipped Narration
Paced Narration
“He came and talked to us.
Then he left the house and
then he drove the car back
home.”
“He came and talked to us for a few
moments. He seemed upset, but he managed
to get through all the bad news. Shaking our
hands before he left the house come twilight,
he seemed to feel better now that he had
delivered the news.”

9. 2. Description

10. I make friends, over time, with the other “girls” who work my
shift: Nita, the tattooed twenty-something who taunts us by
going around saying brightly, “Have we started making money
yet?” Ellen, whose teenage son cooks on the graveyard shift and
who once managed a restaurant in Massachusetts but won’t try
out for management here because she prefers being a “common
worker” and not “ordering people around.” Easy-going fiftyish
Lucy, with the raucous laugh, who limps toward the end of the
shift because of something that has gone wrong with her leg, the
exact nature of which cannot be determined without health
insurance. We talk about the usual girl things — men, children,
and the sinister allure of Jerry’s chocolate peanut-butter cream
pie.

11. 2. Description

12. Objective
Description
factual and scientific
characteristics
Subjective
Description
used to ‘paint a picture’
The Acer barbatum is a small
to medium sized, deciduous
tree usually ranging from 15 to
25 m (50 to 80 ft.) tall when
mature. Its bark is light gray
and smooth on younger trees.
My mother has a hair so dark it
looked like a waterfall of ink.
She always kept it in a braid
that fell to her slim waist, and
always tied with a plain black
band. The braid of black slung
over her shoulder, the plaits
shining like scales.

13. 3. Definition

14. Good families prize their rituals. Nothing welds a family more than
these. Rituals are vital especially for clans without histories because they
evoke a past, imply a future, and hint at continuity. No line in the seder
service at Passover reassures more than the last: “Next year in Jerusalem!”
A clan becomes more of a clan each time it gathers to observe a fixed
ritual (Christmas, birthdays, Thanksgiving, and so on), grieves at a funeral
(anyone may come to most funerals; those who do declare their
tribalness), and devises a new rite of its own. Equinox breakfasts can be at
least as welding as Memorial Day parades. Several of my colleagues and I
used to meet for lunch every Pearl Harbor Day, preferably to eat some
politically neutral fare like smorgasbord, to “forgive” our only ancestrally
Japanese friend, Irene Kubota Neves. For that and other things we
became, and remain, a sort of family.

15. 3. Definition
Scientific
Definition
Subjective
definition
defines concepts in the most
factual way, which is often used
in scientific, proper, or real
world facts
defines the objects in a more personal
way
Connotative meaning
Denotative meaning

16. Signal words for definition

17. Classification and Exemplification
Classify
- divides things
into groups,
classes, or
categories on
criteria or
Exemplify
provides
examples and
illustrations in
order to further
clarify or explain
the concept or

18. My own two sons, now twenty-one and seventeen, have
read (in public and private schools) Shakespeare, Hawthorne,
and Melville. But they’ve also slogged repeatedly through the
manipulative melodramas of Alice Walker and Maya Angelou,
through sentimental middlebrow favorites (To Kill a
Mockingbird and A Separate Peace), the weaker novels of
John Steinbeck, the fantasies of Ray Bradbury.My older son
spent the first several weeks of sophomore English discussing
the class’s summer assignment, Ordinary People, a weeper
and former bestseller by Judith Guest about a “dysfunctional”
family recovering from a teenage son’s suicide.

19. Signal words for classification

20. Signal words for exemplification

21. - organizes ideas based on how
events, places, people, things, and
concepts are similar to
or different from one
another
Comparison and Contrast

22. Signal words for comparison

23. Signal words for contrast

24. - explains why something happens
or what results a particular
event
. Cause and Effect

25. Signal words for cause

26. Signal words for effect

27. 7. Problem and Solution
- focuses on either a problem
or solution in a particular area
or situation

28. Signal words for problem and solution

29. 8. Persuasion
- convinces readers to agree to
an argument or claim about a
particular topic.

30. Signal words for emphasizing a point

31. Signal words for concluding and
summarizing

32. Signal words for conceding a
point

33. A piranha or piraña is a member of family
Serrasalmidae or a member of the subfamily
Serrasalminae within the tetra family, Characidae
in order Characiformes, is a freshwater fish that
inhabits South American rivers, floodplains, lakes
and reservoirs. Piranha are omnivorous, freshwater
fish, which are mostly known for their single row
of sharp, triangular teeth in both jaws. Piranhas’
teeth come together in a scissor-like bite and are
used for puncture and tearing.

34. Problem and Solution organizes ideas into problems and proposed
solutions
Cause and Effect details why something happens, what causes it, what
are the effects and how it is related to something else.
Classification and Division groups items into their parts or types.
Compare and Contrast tells how something is like other things or how
something is different from other things.
Definition explains what something is in comparison to other
members of its class, along with any limitations.
Description details what something looks like and its characteristics.
Exemplification provides typical cases or examples of something.
Narration describes what, when, and where something happened.
Persuasion describes an issue and your position or opinion on the
subject.

35. A single essay may contain many or all of the
discussed patterns
Most of the patterns may be placed anywhere in
your text
The combination of patterns depend on the
writer

36. Let`s try these….

37. My friend and I went to Sabang Beach, one of the
famous tourist spots in Baler Sabang Beach is a
landform alongside a body of water that the people
usually visit to go sunbathing, swimming, or surfing.
The water there is not as clear as the water on the
other
beaches, but the waves there are continuous and high
which attract a lot of tourists especially those who are
professional surfers and enthusiasts alike.

38. The sky is my source of hope. It makes me feel calm,
especially when it is clear and blue in color. It serves as
a reminder that everyone is loved by God who is
looking down from above and guiding each one of us.

39. Media is a channel for sending and receiving
information. An example of which Is the widely used
social media site called Facebook. It is a social media
platform that has an icon in the form of a white colored
letter r and has a blue background. It has
communication features that allow people to send and
receive photos.

40. Animals are organisms that form the biological
kingdom, animalia. They can be classified according to
what they eat. Herbivores are animals that only
consume plants. Some examples of herbivores are
rabbits, guinea pigs, and butterflies. Carnivores are
animals that sustain themselves on meat alone. Some
examples of carnivores are lions, tigers, and crocodiles.
Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and other
animals. Some examples of omnivores are raccoons,
pigs, and chickens.

41. Jeepneys and buses are popular means of public transportation in the
Philippines. In terms of size, jeepneys are smaller. They can accommodate only
a maximum of 22 passengers. In terms of the sitting arrangement of the
passengers, jeepney passengers sit side by side facing other passengers on the
opposite side. In terms of maximum duration per trip,, jeepneys 'regular
longest trip is just around two hours. Lastly, in terms of the length of mutes,
jeepneys regularly have short routes. In contrast, in terms of the, buses am big.
They can accommodate up to 60 passengers. In terms of the siding
arrangement of the passengers. each bus passenger sits beside one or two
more passengers facing straight ahead. In terms of maximum duration per trip,
buses can have as long as a 24-hour tip. Lastly, in terms of the length of routes,
buses usually have long routes. Despite the many differences between
jeepneys and buses, both classifications stiff remain as effective and practical
means of public transportation used by commuters daily.

42. Ever since she was caught cheating on their exams, it
seemed like her whole world crashed in front other
eyes. Her parents were SO disappointed in her that
they barely talk to her at home. Her friends slatted
ignoring her and her classmates kept whispering
behind her back. Her teachers became even stricter to
her and kept an eye on her all the time from then on.
Worst of all, she also lost her scholarship.

43. With my twenty years of experience in this
industry, I can assure you that our
administration is doing the best we can to
solve this problem we are encountering. We
have been through this before and we were
able to get up then, so I believe that we can
get through this again.