- Patent is a grant from the government that provides exclusive rights over an invention for a limited period of time, allowing the inventor to commercially benefit from the invention [1]. - The key requirements for patentability are that the invention must be novel, non-obvious, and industrially applicable [2]. - The patent process involves filing an application, examination by the patent office, potential pre-grant opposition, publication if granted, and the ability for post-grant opposition challenging the validity of the patent [3].

1. Patent……..
 Patent word Latin : “Patere” – “To Lay Open”
(To make it available for public inspection)
 Patent is a grant from the government
 A guarantee for a limited period of time
 The required privilege for
 Making
 Selling
 Using the invention
Sec 2 (1) (m) of Indian patent Act states that “Patent” means
A patent for any invention granted under the Act.
It is a set of exclusive right granted by state (National government)
To an inventor or their assignee.

2. History of Patenting in India
 The first patenting related act in India was passed in 1911
by the name of “patent and design Act ,1911”.
 Later after Independence the patent bill was unsuccessfully
introduced before the parliament in 1949 & 1965 and
finally the bill was passed in the year 1970 and the act came into force on
20th April 1970 .
 The patent system in India is governed by the “Patent Act 1970 (No.39 of
1970)” and the patent “Rules” 2003.
 The patent act has been amended several times in 1974, 1985, 1999 ,2002
and in 2005 and the rules have been
amended in 2006.

3. Why I go for getting a patent ???
To enjoy the exclusive right over the
invention
To ensure commercial return
To protect my invention & proceedings

4. Related Term…
 Patent Agent - Means a person for the time being registered under this
act as a patent agent . Sec 2 (1)(n).
 Patent Article & Patent process – Means respectively an
article or process in respect of which a patent is in
force . Sec 2 (1)(o).
 Patentee- Means the person for the time being entered on register as the
grantee or proprietor of the patent Sec 2(1)(p).
 Invention – Means a new product or process involving an inventing step
and capable of industrial application
Sec 2 (1)(j.)
(OR)
Invention is a creative process . An open and curious mind allows an inventor
to see beyond what is known. Seeing a new possibility, connection, or
relationship can spark an invention. Inventive thinking frequently involves
combining concepts or elements from different realms that would not
normally be put together. Sometimes inventors disregard the boundaries
between distinctly separate territories or fields.

5. Why Patent is necessary ? …

6. EMR ( Exclusive Marketing Right )…
TRIPS- Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
 TRIPS requires that member countries of the WTO not having provision in
their laws for granting product patents in respect of drugs and
agrochemical, must introduce Exclusive Marketing Rights (EMR) for such
products, if the following criteria are satisfied:
 A patent application covering the new drug or agrochemical should have
been filed in any of the WTO member countries after 1 January, 1995;
 A patent on the product should have been obtained in any of the member
countries (which provides for product patents in drugs and agrochemical)
after 1 January 1995;
 Marketing approvals for the product should have been obtained in any of
the member countries;

7. Contd ……..
 A patent application covering the product should have been filed after 1
January 1995 in the country where the EMR is sought;
 The applicant should apply seeking an EMR by making use of the
prescribed form and paying requisite fee.
 EMR is only a right for exclusive marketing of the product and is quite
different from a patent right. It is valid up to a maximum period of 5 years
or until the time the product patent laws come into effect.

8. Anatomy of Patent ….
 Patent is a technical as well as legal document that must
be drafted by an expert who is registered as patent agent
or patent attorney
 Main parts of patent are :
 Title
 Field of invention
 Summary of invention
 detailed description of invention
 Claims
 Abstract
 Drawings if any

9. What can be patented ?…
In order to be patentable , an invention must pass four test :
1. The invention must fall into one of five “statutory classes”:
 Processes
 Machine
 Manufactures
 composition of matter and,
 New uses of any of the above
2. The invention must be “useful”.
3. The invention must be “Novel”.
4. The invention must be “Non obvious”.

10. What are patentable Invention ?...
 A new product process ,involving an inventive step and capable of being
made or used in an industry. It means the invention to be patentable should
be technical in nature and should meet the following criteria .
i. Novelty : the matter disclosed in the specification is not published in
India or elsewhere before the date of filling of the patent application in
India.
ii. Inventive step : the invention is not obvious t a person skilled in the art
in the light of the prior publication /Knowledge / document .
iii. Industrially applicable : Invention should possess utility ,so that it can
be made or used in an industry

11. What are non patentable invention ?...
 Discover of any living things or non living substances occurring in nature.
 A presentation of information .
 A method of agriculture or Horticulture .eg , the method of terrace farming
cannot be patented .
 Any process for medical, surgical, diagnostic, therapeutic or other
treatment of human beings .
 Plants and animals in whole or any part thereof other than microorganisms
but including seeds ,verities and species and essentially biological process
for production and propagation of plants and animals.

12. Patent grant procedure
Filling of patent application
Early Publication Publication after 18 month
Pre Grant opposition /
Representation by any person
Request for examination
Examination: Grant or Refusal
Publication of Grant of patent
Post Grant opposition to grant of patent
(constitution of opposition Board)
Decision By Controller

13. Opposition To Grant of Patent
An opposition of grant of patent is an administrative process available under
the patent and trademark law of most jurisdictions which allows 3rd parties
to dispute the validity of a granted patent or trademark.
There are two procedure of opposition :
1). Pre Grant Opposition –
Any person can file an opposition for grant of patent after the application
has been published .
Opposition may be filed on any of the following grounds:
a) Non compliance of patentability requirements.
b) Non disclosure or wrongful disclosure of genetic resource s or traditional
knowledge .

14. Contd ….
2). Post-Grant opposition : Any person can file an opposition within a
period twelve month after the grant of a patent .It can be filed based
on the following grounds:
a) Wrongful obtainment of the invention by the inventor
b) Publication of the claimed invention before the priority date.
c) Sale or import of the invention before the priority date.
d) Public use or display of the invention .
e) The invention doesn't satisfy the patentability requirement.
f) Disclose of false information to patent office .
g) Nondisclosure or wrong disclosure of the biological source .
h) Invention is anticipated by traditional knowledge

15. Contd…
3 ).Process of Opposition :
On receiving a notice of opposition , the controller notifies the patentee . He
then constitute an opposition board to deal with the opposition .The
opposition board decide the issues after giving reasonable opportunity to
hearing both the parties .
The opposition board might invalidate the patent ,require amendments or
maintain the status quality .If amendments are required ,they have to made
within the prescribed period in order to maintain the patent

16. Surrender of patent
Surrender of patents:
(1) A patentee may, at any time by giving notice in the prescribed manner to the
Controller, offer to surrender his patent.
(2) Where such an offer is made, the Controller shall advertise the offer in the
prescribed manner, and also notify every person other than the patentee whose
name appears in the register as having an interest in the patent.
(3) Any person interested may, within the prescribed period after such
advertisement, give notice to the Controller of opposition to the surrender, and
where any such notice is given the Controller shall notify the patentee.
(4) If the Controller is satisfied after hearing the patentee and any opponent, if
desirous of being heard, that the patent may properly be surrendered, he may accept
the offer and, by order, revoke the patent

17. Infringement of patent
Patent infringement :
 Patent infringement is the commission of a prohibited act with respect to
a patented invention without permission from the patent holder.
 The definition of patent infringement may vary by jurisdiction, but it
typically includes using or selling the patented invention.

18. Types of Patent Infringement
1) Direct patent infringement:-
Direct patent infringement is the most obvious and the most common form
of patent infringement. ,i.e. anyone who makes, uses or sells the patented
invention.
2) Indirect patent infringement :-
It is an action or an activity by a third party encouraging another to make,
use or sell the invention.

19. WTO….
 The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global
international organization dealing with the rules of trade
between nations.
 The WTO agreements, are negotiated and signed by the
bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their
parliaments.
 The goal is to help producers of goods and services,
exporters, and importers conduct their business.

20. WTO and patent rules:
 The grant and enforcement of patents are governed by
national laws and international treaties.
 There is a trend towards global harmonization of patent
laws and the WTO is actively participating in this area.
 The TRIPS [ Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights]
agreement has been successful in providing a forum for
nations to agree on an aligned set of patent laws.

21. Thank you Any