The presentation covered several topics related to human resources and healthcare regulations:
1) It discussed patients' rights and responsibilities as well as statutory and regulatory enactments related to patient care.
2) It examined current principles of patient consent and how they impact the healthcare industry.
3) It reviewed physicians' rights and responsibilities in treatment, as well as current and future trends.
4) It provided an overview of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and issues of privacy and confidentiality.
5) It addressed legal and ethical obligations around medical record documentation, storage, and use now and in the future.
This document summarizes the legal framework for human organ transplantation in India. It discusses the key acts and amendments related to transplantation, including the Transplantation of Human Organs Act of 1994 and its subsequent amendments. It provides an overview of the regulatory bodies, types of donors, requirements for hospital registration, and priorities for recipient allocation. It also discusses some of the issues and challenges in the field as well as achievements of the National Organ Transplant Programme in improving access and awareness.
This document presents the case of a 25-year-old woman who was previously treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) but has now developed recurrent symptoms including fever, cough, and chest pain. After completing MDR-TB treatment, her current symptoms and a sensitive gene expert test result indicate a possible relapse or reinfection with drug-sensitive TB. Key factors that can lead to TB recurrence include incomplete treatment, host vulnerabilities like malnutrition or HIV, and reexposure to the bacteria through environmental transmission. Surgery may help cure cases of localized drug-resistant pulmonary TB when combined with appropriate chemotherapy. The causes, management, and literature on TB recurrence are discussed.
Medical certification of cause of deathchetan samra
This document provides information and guidelines for certifying causes of death. It defines death, discusses the importance of accurate death certification, and provides examples of properly completed cause of death statements. Key points include that the cause of death statement should clearly indicate the direct cause as well as underlying conditions, avoid non-specific terms like "natural causes", and include relevant medical history like smoking even in Part II. Certifiers should be aware of reporting requirements and complete all sections of the certificate accurately.
Hemoptysis is defined as coughing up blood originating below the vocal cords. It can range from blood-streaked sputum to coughing up pure blood. The document discusses the definition, causes, differential diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis. The main causes discussed are tracheobronchial diseases like bronchitis and tumors, as well as cardiovascular issues. Diagnosis involves history, examination, labs, chest imaging like CXR, CT, and procedures like bronchoscopy.
INTERNAL MEDICINE - Secondary HypertensionNian Baring
The document discusses secondary hypertension, defining it as elevated blood pressure due to an underlying disorder. The most common causes of secondary hypertension include renal parenchymal diseases, primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, and renovascular hypertension. It provides details on the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and prognosis for each of these common causes of secondary hypertension.
Patient Record System (Electronic Medical Records).pptxmamtabisht10
Patient record systems like electronic medical records (EMRs) and electronic health records (EHRs) digitize patients' clinical information to improve care. EMRs contain data from within a single facility like a doctor's office, while EHRs aggregate data across settings. EHRs offer broader access to records for authorized providers and support care coordination but require consistent standards and protections for privacy and security.
This document presents the case of a 50-year-old male smoker with COPD who presented with acute dyspnea and left chest pain for 3 days. On examination, the patient was dyspneic with decreased breath sounds and chest expansion on the left side. A chest X-ray showed a 41% pneumothorax on the left. A tube thoracostomy was performed and the lung re-expanded. The tube was removed after 2 days and the patient was discharged on medications with instructions to follow up after 1 week.
The document discusses various types of medical certificates and their requirements. It provides guidance on issuing certificates for birth, sickness, fitness, vaccination, will, mental fitness, domiciliary treatment, life, injury, insurance policies, and death. Proper identification of the patient, doctor signature/stamp, and other details are needed for authenticity and legal purposes.
This document summarizes the legal framework for human organ transplantation in India. It discusses the key acts and amendments related to transplantation, including the Transplantation of Human Organs Act of 1994 and its subsequent amendments. It provides an overview of the regulatory bodies, types of donors, requirements for hospital registration, and priorities for recipient allocation. It also discusses some of the issues and challenges in the field as well as achievements of the National Organ Transplant Programme in improving access and awareness.
This document presents the case of a 25-year-old woman who was previously treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) but has now developed recurrent symptoms including fever, cough, and chest pain. After completing MDR-TB treatment, her current symptoms and a sensitive gene expert test result indicate a possible relapse or reinfection with drug-sensitive TB. Key factors that can lead to TB recurrence include incomplete treatment, host vulnerabilities like malnutrition or HIV, and reexposure to the bacteria through environmental transmission. Surgery may help cure cases of localized drug-resistant pulmonary TB when combined with appropriate chemotherapy. The causes, management, and literature on TB recurrence are discussed.
Medical certification of cause of deathchetan samra
This document provides information and guidelines for certifying causes of death. It defines death, discusses the importance of accurate death certification, and provides examples of properly completed cause of death statements. Key points include that the cause of death statement should clearly indicate the direct cause as well as underlying conditions, avoid non-specific terms like "natural causes", and include relevant medical history like smoking even in Part II. Certifiers should be aware of reporting requirements and complete all sections of the certificate accurately.
Hemoptysis is defined as coughing up blood originating below the vocal cords. It can range from blood-streaked sputum to coughing up pure blood. The document discusses the definition, causes, differential diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis. The main causes discussed are tracheobronchial diseases like bronchitis and tumors, as well as cardiovascular issues. Diagnosis involves history, examination, labs, chest imaging like CXR, CT, and procedures like bronchoscopy.
INTERNAL MEDICINE - Secondary HypertensionNian Baring
The document discusses secondary hypertension, defining it as elevated blood pressure due to an underlying disorder. The most common causes of secondary hypertension include renal parenchymal diseases, primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, and renovascular hypertension. It provides details on the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and prognosis for each of these common causes of secondary hypertension.
Patient Record System (Electronic Medical Records).pptxmamtabisht10
Patient record systems like electronic medical records (EMRs) and electronic health records (EHRs) digitize patients' clinical information to improve care. EMRs contain data from within a single facility like a doctor's office, while EHRs aggregate data across settings. EHRs offer broader access to records for authorized providers and support care coordination but require consistent standards and protections for privacy and security.
This document presents the case of a 50-year-old male smoker with COPD who presented with acute dyspnea and left chest pain for 3 days. On examination, the patient was dyspneic with decreased breath sounds and chest expansion on the left side. A chest X-ray showed a 41% pneumothorax on the left. A tube thoracostomy was performed and the lung re-expanded. The tube was removed after 2 days and the patient was discharged on medications with instructions to follow up after 1 week.
The document discusses various types of medical certificates and their requirements. It provides guidance on issuing certificates for birth, sickness, fitness, vaccination, will, mental fitness, domiciliary treatment, life, injury, insurance policies, and death. Proper identification of the patient, doctor signature/stamp, and other details are needed for authenticity and legal purposes.
The document discusses the lack of protection for doctors in India from attacks by politicians, hooligans, and flawed laws. It notes several instances where doctors and hospitals have been attacked, resulting in damage to property and even deaths. It calls for stronger legal protections for doctors, discussing past examples from Andhra Pradesh and ongoing efforts in Maharashtra to pass a Doctor Protection Act. However, the bill remains pending in the state legislature.
This PPT comprises of brief history of vaccines and its details, concentrated on adverse reactions due to various vaccines, and briefly bout the cold chain.
Dying declaration is an oral or written statement made by a person who is dying as a result of an unlawful act regarding the cause of their death or surrounding circumstances. It is admissible as evidence in court under Section 32 of the Indian Evidence Act. The doctor must certify the declarant is conscious and mentally sound. Leading questions are not allowed and the statement must be fully recorded even if the declarant loses consciousness. If the declarant survives, the statement only has corroborative value.
Following is the detailed description of Dying Deposition and Dying Declaration being followed in Indian Legalities from a Medical students perspective. The presentation should prove to be helpful for educators and primarily for medical students for their understanding and academics.
References - Forensic Medicine And Toxicology (29th edition) By DR. K.S. Narayan Reddy
Pneumothorax refers to the presence of air in the pleural space and can occur spontaneously due to ruptured blebs or as a result of trauma or medical procedures. It presents clinically as reduced breath sounds, hyperresonance to percussion, and mediastinal shift. Chest x-ray or CT scan are used for diagnosis and show hypertranslucency. Treatment involves supplemental oxygen, aspiration, or chest tube placement. Physiotherapy focuses on improving ventilation and exercise tolerance. Recurrence can be prevented through procedures like pleurodesis or thoracotomy along with smoking cessation.
Simple Interpretation of Pulmonary Function testsGamal Agmy
This document discusses spirometry testing for obstructive lung diseases such as COPD and asthma. It provides information on the different measures assessed during spirometry including FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75. It describes how to interpret the results and what values indicate restrictive versus obstructive lung disease. Guidelines for pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry are covered as well as how to assess for reversibility and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The importance of spirometry for diagnosing and monitoring lung diseases like COPD and asthma is emphasized.
The document summarizes key aspects of medical jurisprudence in India. It discusses that the medical profession is governed by ethics and etiquette. It outlines the composition and functions of the Indian Medical Council and State Medical Councils, including maintaining medical registers and taking disciplinary action. It describes unethical acts and the process for issuing warning notices or erasing names from registers. It also covers professional secrecy and privileged communication, as well as the rights, duties and code of conduct for registered medical practitioners in India.
Introduction to Routine Health Information System SlidesSaide OER Africa
Introduction to Routine Health Information System was created for undergraduate and postgraduate health science students to introduce them to the concepts and methods of routine health information systems.
The learning objectives are to help users explain the roles of routine health information systems (RHIS) in health service management; examine strategies used to improve routine health information systems; acquaint with skills to carry out the process of improving RHIS performance; discuss three categories of determinants that influence RHIS.
1) A 55-year-old homeless man presented with shortness of breath and cough. He has a history of COPD, hypertension, diabetes, seizures and substance abuse.
2) On examination, he had wheezes in both lungs. Labs showed mild leukocytosis. Chest x-ray revealed right lower lobe infiltrate.
3) He was diagnosed with COPD exacerbation and started on antibiotics, steroids, and bronchodilators. His other conditions including hypertension, diabetes, seizures, and dyslipidemia were also addressed.
Case presentation on bronchiectasis with community acquired pneumoniaTejashreesujay
Bronchiectasis is defined as abnormal and irreversible dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles (greater than 2 mm in diameter) developing inflammatory weakening of the bronchial walls.
The document provides guidelines for medical officers in the Armed Forces on handling medicolegal cases. Some key points include:
- Medicolegal cases include injuries, deaths, and other cases requiring investigation to determine responsibility. Proper documentation is important to avoid legal issues.
- Common types of medicolegal cases include assaults, accidents, suspicious trauma, poisonings, deaths, and sexual offenses.
- In emergencies, patient stabilization takes priority over formalities. All patients receive initial care. Suspicious injury cases in military personnel must be reported.
- Proper documentation, evidence collection and storage, informing authorities, and other procedures are outlined to ensure legal compliance and aid any investigations.
Approach to a case of Fever with altered sensoriumRoy Shilanjan
A brief description about the possible d/d of fever with alteration of sensorium and how to approach the diagnosis through systematic yet focused history taking , physical examination and lab and radiological investigations.
This document presents a case report of a 20-year-old female student who presented with abdominal distention, jaundice, and pain while urinating. Various tests were performed, including bloodwork, ultrasound, and biopsy. The final diagnosis was portal vein and splenic vein thrombosis due to a hypercoagulable state from essential thrombocythemia, exacerbated by oral contraceptive use. The document also reviews several other case reports and discusses vascular diseases of the liver like Budd-Chiari syndrome.
The document discusses various types of mechanical injuries including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, incised wounds, stab wounds, and firearm injuries.
It provides details on the characteristics of each type of injury, how to determine the age of the injury, and the potential medico-legal importance. For example, abrasions can indicate the site of impact and weapon used. The shape and direction of a stab wound can reveal information about the assailant. Determining the age of wounds is also important for investigating crimes. Firearm injuries require examination by forensic ballistics experts.
This document outlines various types of professional misconduct for medical practitioners, including abuse of privileges like issuing false medical certificates; abuse of relationships such as indecent assault of patients; abuse of financial opportunities like fee splitting; disregard of responsibilities to patients; conduct discreditable to the medical profession; and personal tendencies dangerous to patients like alcoholism. It provides examples for each type of misconduct.
This document discusses the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It covers the clinical, spirometric, and radiological aspects of diagnosis. Clinically, COPD should be considered in patients with dyspnea, chronic cough or sputum production who have a history of risk factor exposure. Spirometry is required to diagnose COPD, with a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio below 70% confirming persistent airflow limitation. Radiological examinations can identify emphysema and airway abnormalities associated with COPD. Spirometry values should be compared to age-related normal values and reversibility testing with bronchodilators can distinguish COPD from asthma.
Medical jurisprudence - Siddha MedicineDr Merish S
This document provides an overview of medical jurisprudence, which refers to the application of law and ethics to the practice of medicine. It discusses key topics like doctor-patient relationships, informed consent, medical negligence, and legal duties and rights of doctors and patients. Some important terms related to legal procedures for medical cases are also defined. The document outlines ethical practices in medicine and legal aspects doctors must follow under various acts. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining accurate medical records and obtaining valid consent from patients.
Medical Jurisprudence is the study of medical principles in solving criminal cases.
To know more about medical jurisprudence, click on the link- https://youtu.be/r6OX6xlXOBo
This presentation discusses steps in diagnosis of pleural effusion using a simulated patient scenario. Besides talking about different findings we can possibly see in a pt with pleural effusion on examination, CXR, USG, CT and labs, It also briefly discuss the proper steps in performing thoracocentesis.
Infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of the heart valves or endocardium. It is characterized by the formation of vegetations composed of platelets, fibrin, microorganisms, and inflammatory cells. It occurs more commonly in males and the elderly. Streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common causes. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiography, and applying the Duke criteria. Complications include embolisms, heart failure, and metastatic infections. Treatment involves prolonged antibiotic therapy targeted to the infecting organism. Surgery may be needed for complications or uncontrolled infection. Antibiotic prophylaxis is now restricted to highest risk patients undergoing highest risk procedures.
1)Health data is sensitive and confidential; hence, it should .docxteresehearn
1)
Health data is sensitive and confidential; hence, it should be kept safe. Data security is one of the critical activities which has become challenging for many organizations (Frith, 2019). Due to technology advancements, people can save their health data online. Similarly, people are also able to share data with close friends or any other person of interest. Using online platforms to store the data has brought a lot of benefits. The primary benefit is the fact that individuals can share data with medical experts easily. By, this the medical experts will be able to assist the sick people if possible. The data is always accessible as long as one is authorized.
I read different articles that shared information concerning health data breaches. Various health organizations have been affected by data breaches (Garner, 2017). A good example is the University of Washington Medicine. This organization reported that 974,000 patients' data was affected. The attack was noticed by a patient who found some files containing personal information on public sites. The patient then notified the organization, which claimed that some employees made some errors, which led to the leakage. The files were accessible through Google, so the organization had to ask Google to remove the data. Fortunately, the files were removed from the search list, and this occurred in January 2019.
It was risky to let the files containing personal information available on the website (Ronquillo, Erik Winterholler, Cwikla, Szymanski & Levy, 2018). The organization was lucky that the data breach was not significant, and hence, the patients were not significantly affected. It is good to ensure that files containing health data are handled carefully to avoid some problems. In keeping the health data secure, it is good to ensure that the systems are well-protected. The systems can be protected by making use of firewalls which prevent unauthorized people from accessing them. During the data sharing process, a health organization should ensure that the information is encrypted. Encryption prevents unauthorized people from understanding the message that is being shared using different channels. Users should make sure that they use strong passwords.
2)
Protection of patient’s information is the top most priority of health care providers and professionals. Patient’s health information contains personal data and their health conditions hence the federal laws requires to maintain security and privacy to safeguards health information. Privacy, as distinct from confidentiality, is viewed as the right of the individual client or patient to be let alone and to make decisions about how personal information is shared (Brodnik, 2012). Health data is usually stored on paper or electronically, in both these ways it is important to respect the privacy of the patients and hence follow policies to maintain security and privacy rules.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountabili.
21st Century Act and its Impact on Healthcare ITCitiusTech
This document gives an overview, core objectives of the act and enumerates purpose of each part / division of the 21st Century Act. It lists down the sections of the act which have a direct impact on Healthcare IT and gives a brief overview of each section.This document also explains the impact of 21st Century Cures Act on regulatory bodies: FDA / NIH / HSS.
The document discusses the lack of protection for doctors in India from attacks by politicians, hooligans, and flawed laws. It notes several instances where doctors and hospitals have been attacked, resulting in damage to property and even deaths. It calls for stronger legal protections for doctors, discussing past examples from Andhra Pradesh and ongoing efforts in Maharashtra to pass a Doctor Protection Act. However, the bill remains pending in the state legislature.
This PPT comprises of brief history of vaccines and its details, concentrated on adverse reactions due to various vaccines, and briefly bout the cold chain.
Dying declaration is an oral or written statement made by a person who is dying as a result of an unlawful act regarding the cause of their death or surrounding circumstances. It is admissible as evidence in court under Section 32 of the Indian Evidence Act. The doctor must certify the declarant is conscious and mentally sound. Leading questions are not allowed and the statement must be fully recorded even if the declarant loses consciousness. If the declarant survives, the statement only has corroborative value.
Following is the detailed description of Dying Deposition and Dying Declaration being followed in Indian Legalities from a Medical students perspective. The presentation should prove to be helpful for educators and primarily for medical students for their understanding and academics.
References - Forensic Medicine And Toxicology (29th edition) By DR. K.S. Narayan Reddy
Pneumothorax refers to the presence of air in the pleural space and can occur spontaneously due to ruptured blebs or as a result of trauma or medical procedures. It presents clinically as reduced breath sounds, hyperresonance to percussion, and mediastinal shift. Chest x-ray or CT scan are used for diagnosis and show hypertranslucency. Treatment involves supplemental oxygen, aspiration, or chest tube placement. Physiotherapy focuses on improving ventilation and exercise tolerance. Recurrence can be prevented through procedures like pleurodesis or thoracotomy along with smoking cessation.
Simple Interpretation of Pulmonary Function testsGamal Agmy
This document discusses spirometry testing for obstructive lung diseases such as COPD and asthma. It provides information on the different measures assessed during spirometry including FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75. It describes how to interpret the results and what values indicate restrictive versus obstructive lung disease. Guidelines for pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry are covered as well as how to assess for reversibility and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The importance of spirometry for diagnosing and monitoring lung diseases like COPD and asthma is emphasized.
The document summarizes key aspects of medical jurisprudence in India. It discusses that the medical profession is governed by ethics and etiquette. It outlines the composition and functions of the Indian Medical Council and State Medical Councils, including maintaining medical registers and taking disciplinary action. It describes unethical acts and the process for issuing warning notices or erasing names from registers. It also covers professional secrecy and privileged communication, as well as the rights, duties and code of conduct for registered medical practitioners in India.
Introduction to Routine Health Information System SlidesSaide OER Africa
Introduction to Routine Health Information System was created for undergraduate and postgraduate health science students to introduce them to the concepts and methods of routine health information systems.
The learning objectives are to help users explain the roles of routine health information systems (RHIS) in health service management; examine strategies used to improve routine health information systems; acquaint with skills to carry out the process of improving RHIS performance; discuss three categories of determinants that influence RHIS.
1) A 55-year-old homeless man presented with shortness of breath and cough. He has a history of COPD, hypertension, diabetes, seizures and substance abuse.
2) On examination, he had wheezes in both lungs. Labs showed mild leukocytosis. Chest x-ray revealed right lower lobe infiltrate.
3) He was diagnosed with COPD exacerbation and started on antibiotics, steroids, and bronchodilators. His other conditions including hypertension, diabetes, seizures, and dyslipidemia were also addressed.
Case presentation on bronchiectasis with community acquired pneumoniaTejashreesujay
Bronchiectasis is defined as abnormal and irreversible dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles (greater than 2 mm in diameter) developing inflammatory weakening of the bronchial walls.
The document provides guidelines for medical officers in the Armed Forces on handling medicolegal cases. Some key points include:
- Medicolegal cases include injuries, deaths, and other cases requiring investigation to determine responsibility. Proper documentation is important to avoid legal issues.
- Common types of medicolegal cases include assaults, accidents, suspicious trauma, poisonings, deaths, and sexual offenses.
- In emergencies, patient stabilization takes priority over formalities. All patients receive initial care. Suspicious injury cases in military personnel must be reported.
- Proper documentation, evidence collection and storage, informing authorities, and other procedures are outlined to ensure legal compliance and aid any investigations.
Approach to a case of Fever with altered sensoriumRoy Shilanjan
A brief description about the possible d/d of fever with alteration of sensorium and how to approach the diagnosis through systematic yet focused history taking , physical examination and lab and radiological investigations.
This document presents a case report of a 20-year-old female student who presented with abdominal distention, jaundice, and pain while urinating. Various tests were performed, including bloodwork, ultrasound, and biopsy. The final diagnosis was portal vein and splenic vein thrombosis due to a hypercoagulable state from essential thrombocythemia, exacerbated by oral contraceptive use. The document also reviews several other case reports and discusses vascular diseases of the liver like Budd-Chiari syndrome.
The document discusses various types of mechanical injuries including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, incised wounds, stab wounds, and firearm injuries.
It provides details on the characteristics of each type of injury, how to determine the age of the injury, and the potential medico-legal importance. For example, abrasions can indicate the site of impact and weapon used. The shape and direction of a stab wound can reveal information about the assailant. Determining the age of wounds is also important for investigating crimes. Firearm injuries require examination by forensic ballistics experts.
This document outlines various types of professional misconduct for medical practitioners, including abuse of privileges like issuing false medical certificates; abuse of relationships such as indecent assault of patients; abuse of financial opportunities like fee splitting; disregard of responsibilities to patients; conduct discreditable to the medical profession; and personal tendencies dangerous to patients like alcoholism. It provides examples for each type of misconduct.
This document discusses the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It covers the clinical, spirometric, and radiological aspects of diagnosis. Clinically, COPD should be considered in patients with dyspnea, chronic cough or sputum production who have a history of risk factor exposure. Spirometry is required to diagnose COPD, with a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio below 70% confirming persistent airflow limitation. Radiological examinations can identify emphysema and airway abnormalities associated with COPD. Spirometry values should be compared to age-related normal values and reversibility testing with bronchodilators can distinguish COPD from asthma.
Medical jurisprudence - Siddha MedicineDr Merish S
This document provides an overview of medical jurisprudence, which refers to the application of law and ethics to the practice of medicine. It discusses key topics like doctor-patient relationships, informed consent, medical negligence, and legal duties and rights of doctors and patients. Some important terms related to legal procedures for medical cases are also defined. The document outlines ethical practices in medicine and legal aspects doctors must follow under various acts. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining accurate medical records and obtaining valid consent from patients.
Medical Jurisprudence is the study of medical principles in solving criminal cases.
To know more about medical jurisprudence, click on the link- https://youtu.be/r6OX6xlXOBo
This presentation discusses steps in diagnosis of pleural effusion using a simulated patient scenario. Besides talking about different findings we can possibly see in a pt with pleural effusion on examination, CXR, USG, CT and labs, It also briefly discuss the proper steps in performing thoracocentesis.
Infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of the heart valves or endocardium. It is characterized by the formation of vegetations composed of platelets, fibrin, microorganisms, and inflammatory cells. It occurs more commonly in males and the elderly. Streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common causes. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiography, and applying the Duke criteria. Complications include embolisms, heart failure, and metastatic infections. Treatment involves prolonged antibiotic therapy targeted to the infecting organism. Surgery may be needed for complications or uncontrolled infection. Antibiotic prophylaxis is now restricted to highest risk patients undergoing highest risk procedures.
1)Health data is sensitive and confidential; hence, it should .docxteresehearn
1)
Health data is sensitive and confidential; hence, it should be kept safe. Data security is one of the critical activities which has become challenging for many organizations (Frith, 2019). Due to technology advancements, people can save their health data online. Similarly, people are also able to share data with close friends or any other person of interest. Using online platforms to store the data has brought a lot of benefits. The primary benefit is the fact that individuals can share data with medical experts easily. By, this the medical experts will be able to assist the sick people if possible. The data is always accessible as long as one is authorized.
I read different articles that shared information concerning health data breaches. Various health organizations have been affected by data breaches (Garner, 2017). A good example is the University of Washington Medicine. This organization reported that 974,000 patients' data was affected. The attack was noticed by a patient who found some files containing personal information on public sites. The patient then notified the organization, which claimed that some employees made some errors, which led to the leakage. The files were accessible through Google, so the organization had to ask Google to remove the data. Fortunately, the files were removed from the search list, and this occurred in January 2019.
It was risky to let the files containing personal information available on the website (Ronquillo, Erik Winterholler, Cwikla, Szymanski & Levy, 2018). The organization was lucky that the data breach was not significant, and hence, the patients were not significantly affected. It is good to ensure that files containing health data are handled carefully to avoid some problems. In keeping the health data secure, it is good to ensure that the systems are well-protected. The systems can be protected by making use of firewalls which prevent unauthorized people from accessing them. During the data sharing process, a health organization should ensure that the information is encrypted. Encryption prevents unauthorized people from understanding the message that is being shared using different channels. Users should make sure that they use strong passwords.
2)
Protection of patient’s information is the top most priority of health care providers and professionals. Patient’s health information contains personal data and their health conditions hence the federal laws requires to maintain security and privacy to safeguards health information. Privacy, as distinct from confidentiality, is viewed as the right of the individual client or patient to be let alone and to make decisions about how personal information is shared (Brodnik, 2012). Health data is usually stored on paper or electronically, in both these ways it is important to respect the privacy of the patients and hence follow policies to maintain security and privacy rules.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountabili.
21st Century Act and its Impact on Healthcare ITCitiusTech
This document gives an overview, core objectives of the act and enumerates purpose of each part / division of the 21st Century Act. It lists down the sections of the act which have a direct impact on Healthcare IT and gives a brief overview of each section.This document also explains the impact of 21st Century Cures Act on regulatory bodies: FDA / NIH / HSS.
This document discusses the risks to patient privacy posed by electronic health records and health information exchanges given existing legislation and regulations. While laws like HIPAA provide some protections, they were created before widespread use of EHRs and do little to protect electronically stored data. Additionally, patients have little control over their health information under current policies. Attempts to balance privacy with the goals of improving population health through data sharing and EHR use have been challenging, with no clear resolution. Compromise is needed to define what information can be shared while maintaining patient anonymity.
Running head MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1MEDICA.docxcowinhelen
Running head: MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 6
Medical Technology
Felicia Jones
04/26/2017
Introduction
Health Information Technology (HIT) involves the use of a digital format to store, distribute, and analyze health information. HIT is used between doctor-patient communications to improve the patient’s care. The IT professionals working in the HIT are involved in the technical side of managing health information using software and hardware to manage patients’ data. The professionals provide support to the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) management and other professionals to ascertain accurate dissemination of medical records adhering to HIPAA and HITECH rules and regulations (McInnes, 2016).
Health and financial benefits of implementing EHR
Improved health care and convenience
Access to the patients’ records is easy even in remote locations which ease the quality of care in the case of emergencies. Having all the information located at a central place makes decision making easy. Use of EHRs helps different hospitals and laboratories to access a patient’s medical history
Improved Patient participation
EHRs makes it possible for health professionals to give the patients all their medical evaluations. The providers can provide follow-up information such as web resources and self-care instructions which aid in improving the quality of health care.
Improved diagnostics and patient outcomes
With an accurate medical history of a patient, the medical professionals can check for any allergies, prior treatments which help during the treatment process. The frequency of medical errors during diagnosis. Qualified EHR checks for problems when a new medication is given to the patient and alerting the doctor in advance in the case of any potential threats. In regard to national disasters where casualties forget their medical history, EHR helps quick retrieval of their history and aid in saving their lives.
Time and cost savings
Use of EHRs assists in reducing duplication of testing which saves on the cost of conducting laboratory tests. Moreover, the administrative expenses as a result of filling of numerous patients paperwork. As a consequence of the use of EHRs, there is reduced transcription, storage, and chart-pull costs. The use of electronic prescribing reduces medical errors (Goldberg, & Feng, 2012).
Cost of implementing and maintaining EHR
Setting up an EHR system up and running is quite expensive. Some of the expenses associated with establishing the system are the required hardware and software, installation, training of the IT professionals and ongoing maintenance. There are other costs such as over-time-pay for the providers. Taking a primary care facility with five physicians, the cost of setting up an EHR system is $162,000 and maintenance cost of $ 85,500 within the first year. The IT professionals operating the EHRs needed 611 hours of training whereas each physician require ...
knowledge of health care professionals regarding medico-legal aspects and its...Anil Haripriya
knowledgeable about medical legal aspects and informed consent but when it came to actual objectives of consumer protection act and methods of filing cases their knowledge was satisfactory. So, medical health professionals need to update their understanding on consumer protection act and its amendments to be on a legally safer side.
The document discusses the Personal Health Record (PHR), which allows individuals to manage their own health information in order to better participate in their healthcare. A PHR contains health history, medications, allergies, immunizations and other medical data from individuals and providers. PHRs provide benefits like increased patient involvement, but also have barriers like usability, privacy and reliability concerns. The selection of a secure and standards-based PHR is important for managing personal health information.
The document discusses the benefits of electronic health records (EHRs), including improved patient care, decreased medical errors, and better collaboration between healthcare providers. It notes that 78% of physicians in one study said EHRs improved patient care. EHRs can contain a patient's medical history, test results, diagnoses and more. They allow for remote access to patient charts and provide alerts and recommendations to improve care. EHRs also improve research by providing more clinical data from large patient populations.
Personal health records (PHRs) have the potential to improve health outcomes but face challenges regarding interoperability, security, and privacy. PHRs could allow individuals to manage their own healthcare by communicating with providers and accessing health information. However, PHRs currently lack standardization and the ability to exchange information between different systems. Addressing issues such as determining security protocols, exchanging data between health information exchanges, and clarifying legal policies will help realize the full benefits of PHRs. Widespread adoption also requires resolving questions over who pays for and controls PHR data. Further research is needed to understand how to best design PHRs and incentivize their use.
This document summarizes key points about HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) regulations regarding privacy and security of protected health information. It discusses who and what is covered under HIPAA, requirements for covered entities, examples of privacy violations, and concerns around health information exchange through RHIOs (Regional Health Information Organizations).
Evolution of Health Care Paper and TimelineThere are specifi.docxSANSKAR20
Evolution of Health Care Paper and Timeline
There are specific trends from manual to electronic operations in the health care facilities, healthcare providers and similar businesses operators. The evolution has taken place within the health care providers, administrative data and the insurance plans as well. The health care industries have automated several procedures such as the supply of drugs and accurate record keeping (Loker 2012). Electronic health care uses sophisticated technology unlike the manual one; this advanced technology has been applied in the provision of health care all over the world hence saving both time and cost It has also widened and perfected the scope of operation.
How has this change impacted the quality of care?
The change to electronic medical records has proven to be successful and helpful in providing quality patient care. Some ways that it has helped is improving patient care, increasing patient participation, improved care coordination, improved diagnostic and patient outcomes, and practice efficiencies and cost savings. (HealthIT.gov). Patients are able to be more involved in the patient care process and are able to access to their records which was not possible in the past. The transporting of records from one physician to another is much quicker now because it can be done by a click of a button. When needing to send a patient to a specialist or when getting an authorization for a patient’s recommended treatment can be done a lot quicker as well. This is speeding up the process in being able to provide quick and quality care so the patient does not need to wait as long as they would have had to in the past.
Percentage of physicians whose electronic health records provided selected benefits
(HealthIT.gov)
Electronic medical records has proven to be a good thing for both the medical provider as well as the patient and it has decreased the wait times to results or any potential errors and enhanced patient care.
Did Societal beliefs and values influence this change? Why or why not?
The health care delivery system in our country has its roots in the beliefs and values of the people (Shi & Singh, 2012). The firm belief in technological innovations leads to higher expectations of people, which has fueled the growth in technological innovations. The culture of individualism has led the medical practice to keep the individual healthy. Patients tend to evaluate the institutions by their acquisition of advanced technology. The expectation of Americans on what technology can do to cure illness is higher compared to the Canadians and Germans (Shi & Singh, 2012, p. 168). The societal beliefs and values impact not only the structure of health care delivery but also the training of health care providers.
The use of EHRs provided access to patients’ records on demand and have improved the quality of health care (Shi & Singh, 2012). Although the EHRs were to improve the quality of health care delivery, many ...
64 journal of law, medicine & ethicsDreams and Nightmare.docxevonnehoggarth79783
64 journal of law, medicine & ethics
Dreams and
Nightmares:
Practical and
Ethical Issues
for Patients and
Physicians Using
Personal Health
Records
Matthew Wynia and Kyle Dunn
Introduction and Definitions
The term “Electronic Health Records” (EHR) means
something different to each of the stakeholders in
health care, but it always seems to carry a degree of
emotional baggage. Increasingly, EHRs are advert-
ized as a nearly unmitigated good that will transform
medical care, improve safety and efficiency, allow
better patient engagement, and open the door to an
era of cheap, effective, timely, and patient-centered
care.1 Indeed, for some EHR proponents the ben-
efits of adopting them are so obvious that adoption
has become an end in itself.2 But for others — and
especially for a number of skeptical practitioners and
patients — EHR is a code word that portends the cor-
porate transformation of health care delivery, the loss
of patient privacy, the demand that patients bear more
responsibility in health care, and the unreflective take-
over of the health care system by people who do not
understand medical care or how health care relation-
ships unfold.3
For our purposes, we will consider EHRs impar-
tially, as a set of tools that can be used for a variety of
purposes. We define EHRs broadly as any electronic
means of storing and transferring health-related
information. We exclude from this definition the use
of the telephone and fax, arguably precursors to the
electronic means of data exchange now available. Like
face-to-face and paper-based interactions, the tele-
phone and fax are generally limited to two people.
Breaches of phone line security, while possible and
perhaps even frequent, are unlikely to affect thou-
sands of people at once.
In this paper, we examine the development of a new
set of EHR tools, Personal Health Records (PHRs).
PHRs may be variously defined (Table I) and have sev-
eral potential functional and payment models (Table
II), but the general aim of all PHRs is to increase
patients’ access to and sense of ownership over their
health care information. According to the Markle
Foundation, the advent of PHRs “represents a transi-
tion from a patient record that is physician-centered
to one that is patient-centered, prospective, interac-
Matthew Wynia, M.D., M.P.H., is the Director of the In-
stitute for Ethics at the American Medical Association and a
Clinical Assistant Professor at the University of Chicago. He
received his M.D. from the Oregon Health and Science Univer-
sity in Portland, Oregon and his M.P.H. from Harvard Uni-
versity School of Public Health in Boston, MA. Kyle Dunn,
M.H.S., was a Research Assistant at the Institute for Ethics
at the American Medical Association and is now a Ph.D. can-
didate in the Department of Health Policy and Management
at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He
received a B.S. in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Bi-
ology .
The document discusses the evolution of health informatics and its impact on electronic medical records. It covers topics like the history of regulations, the HITECH Act, meaningful use, and current health care information systems. The author outlines their final project, which will discuss the evolution of health informatics, the impact of EMR integration on workflow and data sharing, and current health care systems like registration, billing, order entry, and diagnostic tools.
This document provides an overview of HIPAA training goals and requirements. It aims to inform staff about patient privacy and confidentiality rules under HIPAA. Key aspects covered include definitions of patient confidentiality and the Privacy and Security Rules. Consequences of HIPAA violations are also outlined, ranging from fines of $100 to $1.5 million per year depending on the violation. The document concludes with sample test questions to assess staff understanding of HIPAA guidelines.
Personal health records (PHRs) have the potential to improve health outcomes but face challenges regarding standardization, interoperability, and privacy. PHRs could ideally contain comprehensive individual clinical data and enable communication with providers, but currently lack integration with electronic health records and health information exchanges. Studies show most people agree to sharing health information for research purposes if anonymized. Key issues to address include determining security standards, developing business models, and clarifying patient rights regarding personal health data. Further research is needed on adoption rates and impacts of PHRs for different health conditions and populations.
This document discusses electronic health records (EHRs), their benefits, and privacy/security implications. EHRs allow health information to be created and shared digitally across organizations, improving quality, efficiency and costs. They include functions like test results management and computerized physician order entry. While EHRs offer advantages, they also raise privacy concerns addressed by rules like HIPAA, which establishes security standards and protects health information held by covered entities transitioning to digital formats. In conclusion, HIPAA does apply to regulate EHRs and their appropriate use of protected patient data.
This document discusses guidance from the CDC and DHHS on applying the HIPAA Privacy Rule to public health activities. It provides an overview of the Privacy Rule and its requirements for covered entities. It explains that the Privacy Rule permits disclosures without individual authorization for public health purposes, such as disease prevention and control. Public health authorities are able to obtain protected health information to carry out mandated public health activities while respecting confidentiality. The purpose is to help public health agencies understand their responsibilities under the Privacy Rule in balancing individual privacy with the need to protect the public's health.
ONE Featherfall Medical CenterThe 1920s Featherwall Consulting.docxmccormicknadine86
ONE: Featherfall Medical Center
The 1920's Featherwall Consulting, physicians began to realize that documentation not only helped their patients, but it also helped themselves with their practice. The downfall of documenting everything on paper was that it was limited to the facility in which it created, and over time, legibility of procedures and results could become difficult. Flipping through paper charts is not only time consuming, but it could be potentially dangerous as papers could smoothly go missing, and incorrect treatment for a patient could occur. Medical records are now available electronically available for accessibility at all times and thus reduce healthcare personals countless hours of going through paper charts. Times can be assigned to treat patients effectively as lab results are available for viewing moments after they have been verified (UIC., 2017).
The concept of patient-centered care is one of the recent developments in healthcare that has received increased attention. It has played a vital role in creating a new framework for improving systems and defining -healthcare quality. Information is critical to evidence-based practice and patient-centered care. It has evolved recently to focus on the acquisition of data, storage, and its use in the healthcare setting with more emphasis on the use of technology. For instance, the information on previous admissions, diagnosis, treatment, and prescriptions required to address health issues in later times. Another essential function that health informatics has used to undertake the coordination of care within and across systems besides facilitating the availability of relevant information (Parvanta, C. F., 2015). In other words, we cannot talk of quality care without factoring in the criticality of high quality of information within the equation.
The first one is credible excellence. It provides one with the robustness they need to arrive at and deliver on reliable solutions. Patient sovereignty is another factor that should inform the use of technology in the healthcare setting. The independence of the patients in terms of expressing themselves and providing information on their will without coercion provides all the motives to consider the effort to foster patient-centered care. The other parameter is that which regards privacy. Privacy of information is of the utmost importance when it comes to healthcare management (Wang, J., 2018).
Electronic Health Records are one of the standard technologies used in the healthcare setting that contain information regarding the diagnosis, immunization, and treatment of patients. Mobile Access is another technology used in the field of health information management. It is mainly used for storing the information belonging to a patient remotely in the cloud so that it is accessed anywhere. Unified Communications have also been vital in information sharing and are especially great for consulting outside help. Unified communications are assisti.
ONE Featherfall Medical CenterThe 1920s Featherwall Consulting.docxvannagoforth
ONE: Featherfall Medical Center
The 1920's Featherwall Consulting, physicians began to realize that documentation not only helped their patients, but it also helped themselves with their practice. The downfall of documenting everything on paper was that it was limited to the facility in which it created, and over time, legibility of procedures and results could become difficult. Flipping through paper charts is not only time consuming, but it could be potentially dangerous as papers could smoothly go missing, and incorrect treatment for a patient could occur. Medical records are now available electronically available for accessibility at all times and thus reduce healthcare personals countless hours of going through paper charts. Times can be assigned to treat patients effectively as lab results are available for viewing moments after they have been verified (UIC., 2017).
The concept of patient-centered care is one of the recent developments in healthcare that has received increased attention. It has played a vital role in creating a new framework for improving systems and defining -healthcare quality. Information is critical to evidence-based practice and patient-centered care. It has evolved recently to focus on the acquisition of data, storage, and its use in the healthcare setting with more emphasis on the use of technology. For instance, the information on previous admissions, diagnosis, treatment, and prescriptions required to address health issues in later times. Another essential function that health informatics has used to undertake the coordination of care within and across systems besides facilitating the availability of relevant information (Parvanta, C. F., 2015). In other words, we cannot talk of quality care without factoring in the criticality of high quality of information within the equation.
The first one is credible excellence. It provides one with the robustness they need to arrive at and deliver on reliable solutions. Patient sovereignty is another factor that should inform the use of technology in the healthcare setting. The independence of the patients in terms of expressing themselves and providing information on their will without coercion provides all the motives to consider the effort to foster patient-centered care. The other parameter is that which regards privacy. Privacy of information is of the utmost importance when it comes to healthcare management (Wang, J., 2018).
Electronic Health Records are one of the standard technologies used in the healthcare setting that contain information regarding the diagnosis, immunization, and treatment of patients. Mobile Access is another technology used in the field of health information management. It is mainly used for storing the information belonging to a patient remotely in the cloud so that it is accessed anywhere. Unified Communications have also been vital in information sharing and are especially great for consulting outside help. Unified communications are assisti ...
Universal Unique Patient Information Identifier UUPIIFrank Avignone
While there is merit to both sides of the privacy argument there is no longer any argument that could withstand scrutiny against a universal way to identify individuals longitudinal health information and to make that data available both in a de-identified fashion for global population health management efforts and an identified fashion for routine and emergent health services. This academic work will make arguments for the Universal Unique Patient Information Identifier UUPII from technology integration, financial implications, patient safety and legal perspectives supporting a combination of techniques that will provide scalability and flexibility that other national systems such as the Social Security Number could achieve. The bulk of the arguments will focus on the Risk, Compliance, and regulatory perspectives that support the rational for a safe, secure and private universal unique patient information identifier.
The document summarizes the Partners HealthCare Patient Gateway, which allows patients to access their medical information online. It discusses how the gateway aims to address issues like medical errors due to a lack of access to patient information. It also notes that the gateway is part of Partners HealthCare's efforts to improve patient-centered care by better engaging and informing patients.
1. Human Resources Presentation to the Board of Directors
Team A
Jester Jotie, Mayra Lariosbriones, Jordan Padilla, Adepter
Manalo, Miguel Romero
February 7, 2014
Donna Lupinacci
1
2. Agenda
State and Federal and Regulatory enactments related to patient’s
rights and responsibilities
Current principles of patient consent and the resulting implications for
the health care industry
The current state and future trends of physicians’ rights and
responsibilities in the delivery of health care
Current components and implications of the Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Brief summary of current and future trends for statutory, regulatory,
and common law requirements of confidentiality in the health care
industry
Current and future legal and ethical obligations relating to the
documentation, retention, storage, and use of medical records
4. Patients Rights
Right to treatment
Advance medical
directives
Privacy and
confidentiality
4
Statutory and Regulatory
Enactments
5. Principles of patient consent
Current principles of patient consent
Principle of respect of autonomy
Integrity and totality
Principle of full disclosure
6. Physician's Rights and
Responsibilities
Physician’s Rights
Learn about a patient’s lifestyle
Withdrawal of treatment
Privacy
Vacations and time off from practice
Physician’s Responsibilities
Discussing with diagnosis, test, and treatments with patient
Recommends alternative treatments or medication
Professionally competent
Know when to ask for a second opinion
7. Physician’s Rights and
Responsibilities
Future trends
No hiring discrimination based on type of
graduate
MD, DO, IMG
Right to higher reimbursement rates from
Medicare
Responsible to correctly complete EHR entry for
a patient
8. Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Privacy rule
Security rule
Privacy for covered consumers, covered entities,
and business associates.
Protected health information (PHI)
Consent for information use and disclosure
11. Current Legal and Ethical
Obligations for Medical Records
HIPAA
HITECH Act
State of California Law for medical records
Storages are located at regional and local areas
Completed document medical records are
essential in quality care.
12. Future Legal and Ethical Obligations
for Medical Records
The Recovery Act
Storage
Documentation
Retention
Uses
Affordable Care Act
Laptop
View Records at home
Reduce errors and money
13. Conclusion
State and Federal and Regulatory and patient’s rights and
responsibilities
Patient consent and the resulting implications for the health
care industry
Physicians’ rights and responsibilities in the delivery of health
care
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Future trends for statutory, regulatory, and common law
requirements of confidentiality in the health care industry
Current and future legal and ethical obligations
14. References
Babafemi, O. (2007). Should caregivers be compelled to disclose patients' HIV infection to the patients' sex partners
without consent? Studies in Family Planning , 38(4), 297-306. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20454425
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2013). Electronic Prescribing Incentive Program. Retrieved from
http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-
Instruments/ERxIncentive/index.html?redirect=/ERXIncentive/
Health Information Technology . (2014). State medical record laws: Minimum medical record retention periods for
records held by medical doctors and hospitals. Retrieved from http://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/appa7-
1.pdf
Kliff, S. (2010, October 10). The future of electronic medical records, in one doctor’s visit. The Washington Post.
Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/post/the-future-of-electronic-medical-records-in-
one-doctors-visit/2011/10/04/gIQA1ufQNL_blog.html
Rockart, J. F. (1972, Winter). Medical record storage. Health Services Research, 7(4), 276-287. US National Library of
Medicine National Institutes of Health.
Tesfa, A. (2008, June). Roles and responsibilities of health care agents: Views of patients and agents. Journal of
Gerontological Nursing, 34(6), 8-14.
Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/204168699?accountid=458
The National Committee for Quality Assurance. (2014). Guidelines for medical record documentation. Retrieved from
http://www.ncqa.org/Portals/0/PolicyUpdates/Supplemental/Guidelines_Medical_Record_Review.pdf
Panting, G. (2010, December). Informed consent. Orthopaedics and Trauma, 24(6), 441-446.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mporth.2010.08.009
Powell, J. (2013). The fourth obamacare shock wave is about to reach us. Forbes. Retrieved from
http://www.forbes.com/sites/jimpowell/2013/11/13/the-fourth-obamacare-shock-wave-is-about-to-reach-us/
Pride Performance Mobility. (2014). You and your doctor: Rights and responsibilities. Retrieved from
http://www.pridemobility.com/resourcecenter/articles_youandyourdoctor.asp
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2014). Understanding health information privacy. Retrieved from
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/index.html
Editor's Notes
Briefly cover the role of HR in Healthcare VS Other
State which Team Member will cover which topic:
bullet 1 and 2 - Miguelbullet 3 and 4 - Jesterbullet 5 - Jordanbullet 6 - Mayraintro/conclusion – Peter
The patient has the responsibility to inform the health care treating patients with a thorough medical background, so that the health care organization can be informed of what issues might occur while treating the patient and so that they are aware what the best treatment is. The patient has the obligation to tell the healthcare organization what their needs are while they are evaluating and treating their patients. Providing to the best of his/her knowledge accurate and complete information about the patients medical history including current conditions such as diseases, hospital stays, medications, vitamins including herbal products and previous surgery treatments. Patients must cooperate with their physicians to determine the best treatment plan. “If patients are to communicate their treatment wishes to their agents, they need to know the roles and responsibilities of agents in making treatment decisions on their behalf” (Tesfa, 2008, p. 8). Patients and doctors must build trust and handle expectations on both sides of the equation. Patient/customer must be considerate to your physician and staff, treating everybody with respect and dignity. Follow the organization rules and report any unexpected changes of his/her condition.
A customer/patient has the right to be treated in an emergency situation, regardless of their ability to pay. If a circumstance is likely to cause disability, injury, or death if not attended as soon as possible, it is an emergency. Some example include heavy bleeding, cardiac arrest, severe head injuries and accurate psychotic states. If the health organization is unable to furnish emergency services, it must make an arranged a referral for appropriate treatment. Clinics and hospitals cannot deny to treat a customer/patients on the basis of religion race or national origin, or deny to treat patients with AIDS or HIV. “To shield them from form these and other disadvantages that may inhibit them from undergoing HIV status, their rights to privacy must be protected” (Babafemi, 2007, P. 297). Advanced medical directives are credentials and documents that are made at the time when the patient has a full decision making capabilities that are used to direct medical care in the near future when this capacity is diminished or lost. Confidentiality is important so that the healthcare providers and nurses have the knowledge to all the facts, regardless of the patient. Patient must feel that it is safe to communicate their information freely although this theory drives physicians/patients confidentiality, the reality is that many people have legitimate and routine access to people records, including physicians, nurses, therapist, and nutritionist.
Gaining informed consent is an ethical and legal necessity prior evaluating and treating a patient. It derives from the doctrine and principle of autonomy; one of the four mainstay of medical ethics. (Beneficence, autonomy, equality, and no maleficence) touching or treating the patient without authorization/consent could be considered battery or assault under criminal and civil law, even if the patient was assisted by your actions. Informed consent is employed not just in the medical field but in any other area where an individual well being and/or heath are at risk. When accepting to undergo experimental treatments or clinical trials and individual has the right to be informed of all risks involved. “To safeguard the patient’s interests in achieving his own determination on treatment, the law itself must set the standard for adequate disclosure” (Panting, 2010, p. 441). A physician must acknowledge that each patient has the right to self-determination. This means that after receiving complete disclosure, the patient or guardian has the right to accept or reject medical advice. Embracing individual freedom is one of the defining qualities of humanity. Treating their patients/customers, physicians must take into account the overall well being of the patient, this contains viewing the individual as a complete human being with will and conscience. Patient consent requires that the patient be made fully aware of his/her diagnosis, the nature of the treatments, the potential benefits and risks, alternative treatments, and the potential benefits and risks of forgoing treatment.
-A physician has the right to learn about a patient’s lifestyle if it has any impact on the injury or treatment for the patient (Pride Performance Mobility, 2014).
-A physician has the right to withdraw treatment if it is deemed unethical or conflicts with the patient beliefs (Pride Performance Mobility, 2014). May also withdraw treatment if physician believes there nothing more they can do. Physicians have the right to withdraw care if the patient is noncooperative or refuses to pay bills when able to do so.
-A physician has the right to privacy. This means they can keep patient information private at the patient’s request. Physician has the right to privacy in order to comply with HIPAA.
-A physician has the right to take a vacation and time off from their practice. They have the right to arrange for coverage on their patients while they are absent. Physicians can arrange for other physicians to cover them while they are on vacation. It is good practice to notify their patients that they will be out of the office for a period of time.
-A physician has the responsibility to discuss everything with a patient including diagnosis, test and examinations, and treatment plans (Pride Performance Mobility, 2014).
-A physician has the responsibility to recommend alternative treatments or medication if a patient does not agree with the previous treatment.
- A physician has the responsibility to be professionally competent in their practice. They are responsible to continually keep up with changes in medicine and in their education. It is their responsibility to their limit when practicing medicine.
-A physician has the responsibility to ask for second opinion for the safety of a patient. It is important that a physician recognize where their knowledge is limited and know when to ask for help (Pride Performance Mobility, 2014). This is in the patient’s best interest because it prevent harm and possible negligence.
-Medical facilities should not discriminate against physicians because of where they graduated. This include MD graduate from a top-tier or low ranking medical school, DO graduate from a osteopathic school, IMG (international medical graduate) from a Caribbean medical school or out of country medical school. Hiring a physician should be based on skills, interviews, and recommendations.
Many physicians face lower reimbursement rates from Medicare. Physicians have the right to higher Medicare reimbursement rates because currently they are receiving about 40% less than private insurance rate (Powell, 2013). More and more physicians are not accepting Medicare and Medicaid because of a possible 24% cut in reimbursement. Possible adjustment can be made in Medicaid programs to pay the same rate as Medicare.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requires the change from paper charting to EHR. Physicians are responsible to convert and learn how to use EHR properly. They are responsible to correctly complete an entry on everything that is done on a patient.
-privacy rule is to properly protect health information while allowing flow of the information that is needed to protect an individual’s wellbeing (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2014). (protect patient information but releasing it to other medical professionals with consent to properly treat patient)
-Security rule is to ensure that appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards are put into place to protect a patients PHI (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2014).
-HIPAA covers consumers (patients), hospitals or health care professionals, and business associates.
-physicians practices, hospitals, SNFs, labs, hospices, different health practices, rehab centers, etc.
-As mentioned before, HIPAA covers PHI of patient. This includes names, numbers, email, biometrics, and other identifiers.
-Consent is required by the patient in order to do procedures and treatments. Disclosure of information would need consent as well.
-The current trend of accessibility to patients records has gone through drastic changes over the years. What was once all paper transmission is now mostly electronically transmitted.
-HIPAA is an act that helps protect patients rights and information (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2013). Patients are now being identified by medical record numbers. Health care providers are currently having to use two patient identifiers to identify a patient.
Electronic medical records are being utilized now at most health care facilities. Health care providers can access a patients chart with ease and the system can track who accessed the file.
E Prescribing is also a current trend to electronically file for a prescription. It saves time and prevents a patient from losing hand written prescriptions. Medicare has an incentive RX programs for those that qualify.
-Most facilities are headed towards paperless filing. Most of the technology is wireless and patient records are protected by the facility security software.
-The future of the confidentiality is making all patients records more difficult to access. As mentioned in the previous slide, any health care worker that accesses a patients file is being tracked and documented automatically. Most facilities are having annual compliance checks to ensure there is no violation of HIPAA.
Health care workers are constantly being trained on remaining in compliance earth HIPAA and using two patient identifiers.
-Telemedicine is increasingly gaining popularity. This allows a physicians to meet with patients over a network. The patient can stay in the comfort of their own home. This also is another way to keep information confidential.
- A new trend is Cloud storage. This method transfers files over a shared destination. This prevents the use of storing on a main a large hard drive.
Medical Record Retention
Adult patients 7 years following discharge of the patient. Minor patients 7 years following discharge or 1 year after the patient reaches the age of 18 (i.e., until patient turns 19) whichever is longer. Cal. Code Regs. tit. 22, § 70751(c) (2008).
According to John F Rockhart, the storages that are used for electronically medical records are more expensive than keeping the physical medical records. Medical records that are inactive are sent to a regional place not to far away from the hospital to keep the active files more closer to the facility.
Patient Documentation is important for patients and for doctors. Correct documentation of medical records is important and it starts out with having the correct name of the patient, age, date of visit, diagnoses, allergies, the writing is eligible on the medical record. Other unique identifiers are the patients marital status, address, past medical history, treatments, and much more (The National Committee for Quality Assurance, 2014).
The Recovery Act alone puts 19 billion incentive programs to reward doctors who meet “meaningful use” standards for electronic records.
Electronic storage for medical records is higher than storage space for physical records, programs to initiate electronic medical records takes a long time and money. Retention of the medical records would be necessary with the amount of data storage that needs to be filed in the system.
The affordable care act adds more funds for doctors to go digital.
Review all topics covered
Summarize main ideas
Briefly discuss Affordable Care Act/Obamacare
Questions and Answer