This document discusses Hadith, which are reports of the statements, actions, or tacit approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. It provides definitions of key Hadith terminology like matn, isnad, sahih, and details the various classifications of Hadith books by topic, narrator, or compilation approach. The document emphasizes that the most authoritative Hadith collections are those of Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi, Nisai, Ibn Majah, Muwatta Malik, and Musnad Ahmad due to their rigorous authentication process.

2. • It provides real explanation of Quranic
ayahs
• It clarifies difficult to understand parts
of Quran
• It provides detailed information about
the brief references in Quran
• It guides towards the practical
application of the ayahs of Quran

3. We have sent down unto thee (also) the Message; that you may
explain clearly to men what is sent for them and that they may give
thought.
Nahl,16:44
And We sent down the Book to thee for the express purpose
that thou shouldst make clear to them those things in which
they differ and that it should be a guide and a mercy to
those who believe

4. • And it is not possible for a human being that Allah should
speak to him, except by revelation, or from behind a
curtain or that He should send a messenger and reveal by
His leave what He wills.
(42:51)
• And he (the Prophet) does not speak out of his own
desire. It is not but a revelation revealed (to him).
(53:3-4)

5. It is the revelation which can be recited in the prayers.
–
It is the revelation received by the Holy Prophet from time
to time guiding him in day-to-day affairs and the details of
the principles laid down in the Holy Qur’ân with their
correct interpretation.
• It was demonstrated through the sayings and acts of the
Holy Prophet which is his Sunnah (Hadith when reported).
• This second kind of revelation is not part of the Holy
Qur’ân, but the Holy Qur’ân not only refers to it frequently
but attributes its contents to Allâh Almighty.

6. And recall the favor of Allah upon you and the book (Quran)
and Hikmah (Hadith) that He has revealed to you to instruct
you with. (2: )
• And Allah has revealed upon you the Book and the
wisdom, and has taught you what you did not know and
the grace of Allah upon you has been great. (4:113)

7. • Wisdom referred to here is something additional to the
Holy Qur'an, and it has also been revealed to the Holy
Prophet (SAW) by Allah Almighty.
• “And (Allah) has taught you what you did not know.”
means that Allah has not only revealed:
The Book
Wisdom,
Taught the Holy Prophet(SAW) what he did not know
before.
• This teaching includes all kinds of directions given by Allah
to His prophet (SAW):
through the Holy Book
through “un-recited revelation” in the light of which the
Holy Prophet (SAW) performed his functions as a
messenger of Allah.

8. Statement
Action
Approval

9. Hadith
refers to reports of
statements or
actions of Prophet
Muhammad, or of
his tacit approval
or criticism of
something said or
done in his
presence.
Khabar
(news,
information) often
refers to reports
about
Muhammad, but
sometimes refers
to traditions about
his companions
and their
successors.
Athar
(trace,
vestige)
usually refers
to traditions
about the
companions
and
successors

10. -Matn
or the
text-
which
contains
the actual
narrative
-Isnad
(pleural of
Sanad) or the
chain of
narrators-which
documents the
route by which
the report has
been
transmitted.
- Taraf-
the initial part
of the text
which refers
to the saying,
action,
characteristic
of the
Prophet.

12. 1-Sahih
Transmitted
through an
unbroken chain of
narrators all of
whom are of sound
character and
memory. Such a
hadith should not
clash with a more
reliable report and
must not suffer
from any other
hidden defect
2-Hasan
Transmitted through
an unbroken chain of
narrators all of whom
are of sound
character but weak
memory. This hadith
should not clash with
a more reliable
report and must not
suffer from any other
hidden defect

13. 3-Dai’f
Which cannot gain the
status of hasan because
it lacks one or more
elements of a hasan
hadith.
• if the narrator is not of
sound memory and
sound character,
• or if there is a hidden
fault in the narrative
• or if the chain of
narrators is broken
4-Mawdu
• Fabricated and
wrongly ascribed
to Prophet
Muhammad
5-Maqlub
• It is that hadith,
in two different
narrations of
which the names
of narrators
have been
changed

14. Khabar-i
mutawatir/
mashhur
• A mutawatir hadith is reported by such a
large number of narrators that cannot be
perceived to have jointly forged and narrated
a tradition about an issue without a
compelling force
Khabar-i
wāhid
• Signifies a historical narrative that falls short of
yielding certain knowledge. Even if more than one
person reports the narrative, that does not make it
certain and conclusive truth except when the number
of narrators reporting it grows to the level that the
possibility of their consensus on forging a lie is
perfectly removed.

15. Mash’hur
Aziz
Gharib
Famous- hadith reported by
more than two reporters
Rare, Strong –at any stage in
isnad, only two reporters are
found
Strange- at any stage in isnad,
only one reporter is found
relating it

16. Qudsi-
Sacred
• Divine- a revelation from Allah (SWT) relayed with
the Prophet’s words
Marfu-
Elevated
• A narration from the Prophet (SAW) like I heard from the
Prophet
Mauquf-
StoppedA
• A narration from the companion only like we were
commanded by the Prophet (SAW)
Maqtu-
Severed
• A narration from a successor

18. 1-Musnad-
supported
• Reported by a traditionalist from his teacher and sanad
reaches a well known companion (sahabee) reporting
from Prophet (SAW)
2-Mursal-
hurried
• When the link between a successor (tabe’ee)
and the Prophet (SAW) is missing.
3-Muttasil-
continuous
• Uninterrupted isnad which goes back to only to
a companion (sahabee) or a successor (tabi’ee)

19. 4-Munqati
broken
• Hadith whose link anywhere before the successor
(tabe’ee),i.e., between the traditionalist and the
tabe’ee is missing
5-Mu’dal
Perplexing
• A Hadith whose reporter ignores 2 or more links in
isnad
6-Mu’allaq
Hanging
• A Hadith whose reported ignores the whole isnad
and quotes from the Prophet (SAW) directly

20. Ziadatu Thiqa-
addition by
reliable
reporter
Munkar-
denounced
Mudraj-
interpolated
Reported by a strong,
reliable reporter
Reported by a weak reporter and
whose report goes against
another reliable report
An addition by a reporter to the
text of the hadith being reported

21. Jarah wa
ta’deel
Rijalul
Hadith
Mukhtalif
ul Hadith
Ilalal
Hadith
Gharibul
Hadith
Nasikh Wa
Mansookh

22. o It deals with the level of Adal (justice) and Thiqa or
reliability of the reporters. It also consists of defects
and weaknesses in them.
o Books on this subject
1. Tabqaat Ibn Saad, (15 volumes) by Ibn Saad Zuhri
2. Ijazul Wa’d Al Muntaqa Min Tabqat Ibn Saad- by
Imam Suyuti is a summary version of Tabaqaat
3. At- Tareekhul Sagheer and Kabeer by Bukhari
4. Almajrooheen by Ibn Hibban

23. o In this branch, detail knowledge about reporters of
Hadith (Rawi’s) are discussed.
o Books
1. Tabaqaat Ibn Saad
2. Usdul Ghabah Fi Asma As Sahaba by Ibn Aseer
3- Al Isabah Fi Tamyeez As Sahabah by Ibn Hajar
Asqalani
4- Ainul Asabah by Imam Suyuti

24. 3-
o Those ahadith are discussed in which there “seems”
to be some contradiction
• Tatbeeq or harmony in meaning is researched
between such ahadith.
• Naskh ‫نسخ‬
• ‫:الترجيح‬ Preponderant
• Ruling out one of the hadiths
o Books
1. Ikhtilaf Alhadith by Imam Shafi
2. ‫قتيبة‬ ‫ابن‬ ،‫الحديث‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫تأويل‬(276‫هـ‬)

25. o In this branch those hidden reasons and causes are
discussed due to which correctness of hadith is
questioned.
• Examples- Hadith Munqati being Mausul
• Hadith Mauquf being Marfu
• Ilal or reasons which make a hadith da’eef
o Books-
1. Ibnul Madini 2- Imam Muslim 3- Ibn Abi Hatem
4- Ali Ibn Umar Daraqutni 5- Mohammad bin Abdullah
Hakim 6- Ibnul Jawzi

26. o In this science those ahadith are discussed whose
meaning is not clear to many people due to change
in Arabic language.
o Books-
1. Tauzihul Afkaar
2. Al Fa’iq Fi Gharibul Hadith by Zamakhshari
3. An Nihaya Fi Gharibul Hadith by Ibnul Atheer
4. Ad Durrun Natheer ‫األثير‬ ‫ابن‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫تلخيص‬ ‫النثير‬ ‫الدر‬by
Imam Suyuti

27. • In this science those ahadith are discussed which
could not be coincided. One hadith is considered
abrogated.
• Knowledge of abrogation is obtained from Prophet
and at times from sirah and history.
o Books- by following scholars-
1. Ahmad bin Ishaq Dinari 2- Mohammad bin Bahar
Asbahani 3- Mohammad bin Musa Hazmi 4- Ibnul
Jawzi

30. Guidance and knowledge
Barren Land
Does not bring
vegetation
Does not hold water
Fertile Land
Absorbs water
Vegetables and grass
Holds water for benefit
to others

32. Authors compiled hadiths on various matters (creed,
rulings, signs of judgment day…etc..
1. Bukhari 2-Muslim 3- Tirmithee
Hadith books that focused on ruling/ fiqh matters,
those books are called Sunnan.
1- Sunan Abu Dawood 2- ibn majah 3- Sunnan Nasai’e

33. Hadith compiled based on the name of the narrators
called “masaneed”
- Musnad Ahmad Bin Hanbal
- Musnad Ibn Abi Shaibah
- Musnad Abd Bin Humaid
Books of hadith that contained hadiths and ‫آثار‬ narrations
from sahaba
- Muwatta malik ‫مالك‬ ‫موطأ‬
- ‫الرزاق‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫مصنف‬
- ‫شيبة‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫ابن‬ ‫مصنف‬

34. • These are the books which contain most accurate
ahadith. These are:
• 1-Bukhari 2- Muslim 3- Abu Dawood 4- Tirmidhi
• 5- Nisai
• 6- Ibn Majah
• 7- Muatta Imam Malik
• 8- Musnad Ahmad
• Sunnan Darimee

35. • Jami is a book of hadith which includes these 8
chapters: 1- Aqaid 2- Ahkam 3- Riqaq 4- Ettiquettes
of eating and drinking 5- Tafseer/history/travels
6-Travel/residence 7- Fitn 8- Manaqib
Examples- Jami Bukhari, Jami Tirmidhi

36. Musnad is a book of hadith in which ahadith are
collected according to the categories of Sahaba and
their names. Status of Sahaba and their family lines
are considered. Examples- Musnad Abu Dawood
Tialsi, Musnad Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal
(Pl of Mu’jam)
• Ahadith are collected in alphabetic order.Examples-
Mu’jam Tabarani, Mu’jam Kabeer, Mu’jam
Alawsat

37. • Those ahadith are collected here which are in
accordance to the conditions set by the author.
Example- Mustadrak Ala Sahihain by Imam Hakim
Naysaburi. Imam thahabi has commented on its level of
authenticity
• Mustakhrij means that an author reports the ahadith of
a book with his own sanad besides the original
compiler.
• Examples- 1-Mustakhraj Abi Bakr upon Bukhari
• 2-Mustakhraj Abi Awanah upon Muslim

38. • 3- Mustakhraj Ali Toosi upon Tirmidhi
• 4- Mustakhraj Mohammad ibn Abdul Malik ibn
Aimin upon Sunan Abi Dawood
Books of hadith that only specialize on a specific issue
in Islam. It also includes hadiths that are compiled for
a specific companion.
Examples- ‫مالك‬ ‫حديث‬ ‫وجزء‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫بكر‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫حديث‬ ‫كجزء‬.
‫الحديث‬ ‫طلب‬ ‫في‬ ‫والرحلة‬ ، ‫للبخاري‬ ‫اإلمام‬ ‫خلف‬ ‫القراءة‬ ‫جزء‬
‫البغدادي‬ ‫للخطيب‬

39. • Bukhari
1. Umdatul Qari by Allama Aini
2. Irshadus Saari by Qustalani
3. Fathul Bari by Ibn Hajar Asqalani
• Muslim
1. Sharah Muslim by Imam Nawawi
2. ‫مسلم‬ ‫صحيح‬ ‫تلخيص‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫المفهم‬/‫القرطبي‬ ‫العباس‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫تأليف‬
‫ت‬656‫هـ‬
3. ‫الحجاج‬ ‫بن‬ ‫مسلم‬ ‫صحيح‬ ‫على‬ ‫الديباج‬/‫ت‬ ‫السيوطي‬ ‫تأليف‬911
‫الحويني‬ ‫اسحق‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫تحقيق‬ ،‫هـ‬

40. ‫شروح‬
•‫الترمذي‬ ‫سنن‬ ‫على‬ ‫شروح‬
–‫سنن‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫األحوذي‬ ‫عارضة‬‫للقاضي‬ ،‫الترمذي‬‫بن‬ ‫بكر‬ ‫أبي‬
‫المالكي‬ ‫العربي‬–‫األخرق‬ ‫الصوفي‬ ‫النكرة‬ ‫وليس‬ ‫ف‬َّ‫المعر‬–
‫سنة‬ ‫المتوفي‬(:543‫للهجرة‬)
–‫جامع‬ ‫بشرح‬ ‫األحوذي‬ ‫تحفة‬‫ألبي‬ ،‫الترمذي‬‫عب‬ ‫بن‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫ال‬ُ‫ع‬‫ال‬‫د‬
‫المتوفي‬ ‫المباكفوري‬ ‫الرحيم‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫الرحمن‬
‫سنة‬(:1353‫للهجرة‬)

41. ‫شروح‬
•‫داود‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫سنن‬ ‫شروح‬
–‫للعظيم‬ ‫داود‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫سنن‬ ‫حل‬ ‫المقصود‬ ‫غاية‬‫آبادي‬
–‫ت‬ ‫المدني‬ ‫السندي‬ ‫الحسن‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫شرح‬1139‫لطيف‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫،وهو‬
‫سماه‬"‫أبي‬ ‫سنن‬ ‫على‬ ‫الودود‬ ‫فتح‬‫داود‬«
–‫الخطابي‬ ،‫المعبود‬ ‫عون‬
•‫أحمد‬ ‫مسند‬ ‫شرح‬
–‫الرباني‬ ‫الفتح‬‫للساعاتي‬
–‫هللا‬ ‫رحمه‬ ‫البنا‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫الشيح‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫اإلمام‬ ‫مسند‬ َ ‫ح‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫شـ‬‫وأعاد‬
‫كت‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫أقسام‬ ‫سبعة‬ ‫على‬ ‫وجعله‬ ‫وتصنيفه‬ ‫ترتيبه‬‫كل‬ ‫وتحت‬ ‫ب‬
‫أبواب‬ ‫كتاب‬.

42. •‫مالك‬ ‫موطأ‬ ‫شرح‬
–‫المعاني‬ ‫من‬ ‫الموطأ‬ ‫في‬ ‫لما‬ ‫التمهيد‬‫البر‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫ابن‬ ،‫واألسانيد‬
–‫تضمنه‬ ‫فيما‬ ‫األقطار‬ ‫وعلماء‬ ‫األمصار‬ ‫فقها‬ ‫لمذاهب‬ ‫اإلستذكار‬
‫واآلثار‬ ‫الرأي‬ ‫معاني‬ ‫من‬ ‫الموطأ‬
–‫الزرقاني‬ ‫شرح‬(‫الزرقاني‬ ‫الباقي‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬
‫المالكي‬

43. • Books which explain the difficult words and parts of
hadith
•‫الزمخشر‬ ‫عمر‬ ‫بن‬ ‫محمود‬ ‫أبوالقاسم‬ ،‫الحديث‬ ‫غريب‬ ‫في‬ ‫الفائق‬‫ي‬
‫سنة‬ ‫المتوفى‬ ،‫هللا‬ ‫جار‬(538‫هـ‬)
•‫محمد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫مبارك‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫لمجد‬ ،‫واألثر‬ ‫الحديث‬ ‫غريب‬ ‫في‬ ‫النهاية‬
‫األثير‬ ‫ابن‬ ‫الشيباني‬.

44. And they have been commanded no more than this: to
worship Allah offering Him sincere devotion being True (in
faith); to establish regular Prayer; and to practice regular
Charity; and that is the Religion Right and Straight.(98:5)
It is not their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah: it is
your piety that reaches Him. (Haj,22:37)

45. It is narrated by Ibne- Abbas (R) that Rasulullah(S) said, “The person
whom Allah graced with the knowledge of His Deen but he showed
miserliness in teaching it to others and even if he teaches to others, he
collects remuneration for it and builds his own world. Such persons will
have bridle of fire on the Day of Judgment and an angel will declare
pinpointed to him that he is the person whom Allah favored with the
knowledge of Deen but he showed miserliness in teaching it to others and
collected money even to whom he taught and thereby built his own world.
This angel will constantly go on making this declaration till the end of
accountability on the Day of Judgment”.

46. Some people have tried to give false
meanings to some ahadith for their own
purpose
They give priority to their false ideology or
group and try to modify the meanings in their
support.
They take the meaning out of proper context
and then present it in favor of their idea.

47. One must remain alert about the attacks on Hadith by
orientalists, secularists or Islamophobes
Some attack the integrity of Sahaba
Others attack sources of ahadith
Authenticity of hadith is questioned when it goes against
some groups views
There are groups among Muslims who reject the whole
treasury of Hadith and claim that “Quran is enough for them.”

48. • As Sunnah Wa Makanatuha Fi Tashri Al Islam
by Dr.Mustafa As Saba’I
• As Sunnah Qabal Al Tadween-by Ajjaj Al Khateeb
• Al Anwarul Kashifa- by Abdur Rahman Bin Yahya
• Al Hadith Wal Muhaddithun-by Dr. M Abu Zahu
• Dirasat Fi Hadith An Nabawi-by Dr. M Azami
• Difa Anis-Sunna- by Dr.M Abu Shuhba
• Sunnat Ki Aini Hathiyat (in Urdu) by Imam
Maudoodi

49. Some ahadith require detailed explanation which
may not be understood by lay person
Example is of Hadith which talks about prostration
of sun under Allah’s throne every day
Ali (R) said,”Do you like that Allah and His Prophet
are denied? Present things to the people which
they can easily understand.”

50. Abdullah Ibn Masood(R) said,” Whenever you
present something which is above people’s mental
capacity, it will cause Fitna for some people.”
Prophet (SAW) said,” It is enough for a person to
be a liar if he quotes every thing he listens .”
(Muslim)
Imam Malik (R) said,” That person could not be a
true Muslim who quotes everything his ears hear.”

51. Scholars prohibit us from reporting Maudu hadith
Prophet (SAW) said,” Whoever quotes a hadith on me
knowing that it is false, then he is one of the liars.”
(Muslim)
Ibn Jauzi said,” When those who misguide others saw that
they can not alter Quran, then they started adding to the
ahadith.”
Allah (SWT) created such scholars who have done extensive
work to differentiate between Sahih and Maudu ahadith.

52. • Bid‘ah - ‫بدعة‬) ) in Sharia is any innovations in
religious matters for rewards for which there is no
basis in Quran, Hadith or in action of companions
• Linguistically the term means "innovation, novelty,
heretical doctrine, heresy
• Two kinds of bid’ah.
• 1-The first type is innovation in matters of the
world in technology, medicine, computers, etc. This
is allowed because it involves matters of life.
• 2-The second kind of bid’ah is innovation in
matters of religion, without precedence.

55. • Every innovation is a going astray and every going
astray is in the fire." (Tirmidhi)

56. • "This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My
Favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion"
(Maidah 5: 3)
• "And let those who oppose the Messenger’s way beware, lest
some conflict befall them or a painful torment be inflicted on
them." (Noor 24:63)
• "Verily this is My Straight path, so follow it and follow not (other)
paths, they will separate you away from His path. This He has
ordained for you that you may become pious." (Anam 6:153)

57. • Aisha(R) reported Muhammad(S) said: "Whoever
innovates into this affair of ours something that we
have not commanded it is to be rejected" (Bukhari
and Muslim)

58. • Jaabir (R) narrated Muhammad(S) said, "The best speech
is the Book of Allah and the best guidance and example is
that of Muhammad(SAW), and the worse of all things are
the newly invented things (in the religion), for every
innovation is a error and a misguidance." (Muslim)

59. • Muhammad (S) said, "Verily I shall proceed you to
the Fountain (Al-Kawthar). Whosoever will pass by
me shall drink (from it) and never get thirsty. People
whom I know and who will know me will certainly
come to me for drink but there will be a barrier
between them and me. Then I will say, "Verily they
are of me.’ It will be said, ‘You certainly do not know
what bid’ah (innovation) they made after you.’ Then
I shall say, "Be off those who made bid’ah after me.’
(Bukhari and Muslim)

60. • He (S) said, "Allah does not erase knowledge by
erasing the knowledge from slaves. Rather He
erases knowledge through the death of scholars.
When He leaves (the earth) without scholars,
people will take the ignorant as leaders. They will
be asked and then give religious rulings without
knowledge. Then they will be led, and will lead
(others) astray." (Ahmad)
• "Islam started as something strange, and it would
go back to being strange. So give glad tidings to the
strangers, those who make right what the people
have corrupted of my Sunnah." (Tirmidhi)