The document discusses the definition and justification of Sunnah as a primary source of Islamic law, second only to the Quran. It defines Sunnah as the sayings, actions, and tacit approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. The document explains that Sunnah is justified as a source based on references in the Quran instructing Muslims to obey the Prophet, the consensus of the Companions, and rational arguments about the Prophet's role. It also classifies Sunnah based on whether it was said, done, or approved by the Prophet and the completeness of chains of narration transmitting the reports.

1. THE PRIMARY
SOURCE OF ISLAM:
SUNNAH
22B0230 Dk Noor Rabiatul Aqilah binti Pengiran Zainalabidin
22B0235 Nur Husnina Izzati binti Awang Mahadi

2. Table of contents:
1. Introduction
2. Definition of Sunnah
3. Justification of Sunnah as a source of Islamic law
4. Classification of Sunnah
-Kinds Of Sunnah with respect to the channels of the ahkam
-Kinds of Sunnah with respect to its modes of transmission
5. Conclusion

3. There are two primary sources of the Islamic law, that
is the quran and the sunnah. Sunnah is the second
primary source of Islamic law and its position is next
after the Qur’an.
In case when the jurist does not find a text in the
Qur’an for a case he has to settle, he has to refer to the
Sunnah to derive the rule.
INTRODUCTION

4. DEFINITION OF SUNNAH
The word Sunnah has a literal meaning and several technical meanings. An indiscriminate use
of the term leads to confusion, therefore, it is necessary that most of the technical meanings
be understood.
LITERAL MEANING
The word sunnah stands for the
"well-known path," or the "well-
trodden path”,
which is followed again and
again. This may be the path on
which people tread or it may be a
practice.
It is in this sense that the following saying of the Prophet
is understood: "He who establishes a good sunnah has its
reward and the reward of whoever acts upon it till the Day
of Judgement, and he who establishes a bad sunnah bears
its burden and the burden of whoever acts upon it till the
Day of Judgement." The sunnah of an individual is a
practice that he considers binding for himself and that he
attempts to protect and uphold.

5. Technical meanings of Sunnah according to
some scholars and jurists
According to the Hadith scholars, the Sunnah refers to everything that was
authentically reported from the Prophet (peace be upon him), whether they are
sayings, actions, approvals or moral and physical attributes.
According to the scholars of Usul-ul-Fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), they
clarify the difference between Sunnah and the other sources: the Qur’an, Ijma‘
(consensus), Qiyas (analogy) and Athar (narrations from the Companions).
According to Fuqaha’ (Muslim jurists), the Sunnah refers to whatever is commended
by Shari‘ah without an obligation to do it; those who do it are rewarded, while those
who do not are not punished.

6. JUSTIFICATION OF SUNNAH AS
A SOURCE OF ISLAMIC LAW
• Scholars agree that al-Sunnah is considered an argument and a source of Islamic
law. This is based on :
1. AL-QURAN
2. IJMAK / CONSENSUS
3. AQL / RATIONAL ARGUMENT

7. 1. AL-QURAN
Al-Quran indicates that what the Prophet lays down as law is based
upon revelation. Allah says, from (Surah An-Najm : 3,4 );
ٰٓ‫ى‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ٱل‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ق‬ِ‫نط‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬
(
۳
)
‫ى‬َ‫ح‬‫و‬ُ‫ي‬ ٌۭ
‫ى‬ْ‫ح‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫َّل‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
(
٤
)
Nor does he speak of his own whims. (3)
It is only a revelation sent down
to ‘him’. (4)
▪ The words of the Prophet, based
upon revelation are valid source
of law
▪ Except that Sunnah is revelation
in meaning alone, not in words.

8. ▪ Allah S.W.T. has given the Messenger of
Allah the task of explaining the meanings of
the Qur'an or the unelaborated words and
explaining his general laws. His elaborations
completes the meaning of the Quran,
From verse of Quran; (Surah An-Nahl : 44 )
ِ‫إ‬ ٓ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫نز‬َ‫أ‬َ‫و‬ ۗ ِ
‫ر‬ُ‫ب‬ُّ‫ٱلز‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬ٰ‫َـ‬‫ن‬ِ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ٱل‬ِ‫ب‬
‫لن‬ِ‫ل‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫ت‬ِ‫ل‬ َ‫ر‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ٱلذ‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬
ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ل‬ ِ
‫ز‬ُ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ِ
‫اس‬
َ‫ون‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ك‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬
٤٤
˹We sent them˺ with clear proofs and divine
Books. And We have sent down to you ˹O
Prophet˺ the Reminder, so that you may
explain to people what has been revealed for
them, and perhaps they will reflect.
▪ A number of verses in the Quran
indicate definitively that the Sunnah is
to be followed as a source of law.
َ ‫ا‬
‫ٱّلل‬ ۟‫وا‬ُ‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫ط‬َ‫أ‬ ۟‫ا‬ ٰٓ‫و‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ء‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ا‬‫ٱل‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ٰٓ‫ـ‬َ‫ي‬
ُ‫أ‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬‫ا‬‫ٱلر‬ ۟‫وا‬ُ‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫ط‬َ‫أ‬َ‫و‬
‫ى‬ِ‫ل‬ ۟
‫و‬
َ‫ش‬ ‫ى‬ِ‫ف‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ز‬‫َـ‬‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬ ۖ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ِ
‫ر‬ْ‫م‬َ ْ
‫ٱْل‬
ّ‫ل‬‫ٱل‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ه‬‫و‬ُّ‫د‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ ٍۢ‫ء‬ْ‫ى‬
ِ ‫ا‬
‫ٱّلل‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬‫ا‬‫ٱلر‬َ‫و‬
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬ ۚ ِ
‫ر‬ ِ‫اخ‬َٔ‫ـ‬ْ‫ٱل‬ ِ‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ٱل‬َ‫و‬
ٌۭ
‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫خ‬
‫ا‬
‫يًل‬ِ‫و‬ْ‫أ‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ن‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫أ‬َ‫و‬
٥٩
O believers! Obey Allah and obey the
Messenger and those in authority among
you. Should you disagree on anything,
then refer it to Allah and His Messenger,
if you ˹truly˺ believe in Allah and the Last
Day. This is the best and fairest resolution.
(An-Nisa: 59 )

9. 2. IJMAK / CONSENSUS
▪ Muslims all agreed during the period of the Prophet
upon the obligation of acting according to the ahkam
that was laid down by the Sunnah
▪ And upon the necessity of having recourse to it for
derivation and discovery of the ahkam.
▪ The true source of this ahkam is revelation ➔ no one
among the Companions disputed this.

10. 3. AQL / RATIONAL ARGUMENT
• It is part of Muslim’s faith that Prophet Muhammad is
the Messenger of Allah charged with the mission of
conveying the commands of Allah.
• Therefore, it is obligatory to follow the Messenger of
Allah in all that he lays down from the ahkam.

11. CLASSIFICATION OF SUNNAH
There are 2 types of sunnah :
1. Classification of Sunnah to its
nature
2. Classification Of Sunnah
according to its written
record/classification of hadith
Look at the channels through which
ahkam are established.
With respects to the channels through
which it is transmitted to us.

13. Kinds Of Sunnah with respect to
the channels of the ahkam
1) Al-Sunnah
al –qawliyyah
– saying of
Prophet
2) Al-Sunnah
al-fi’liyyah
– acts of
Prophet
3) Al-Sunnah
al-taqririyah
– tacit
approval given
by the Prophet

14. 1) Al-Sunnah al-qawliyyah
Definition;
• The sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be
upon him), which he intended the laying down or the
explanation of the ahkam.
• Also, generally synonymous with ‘hadith’, since the
sayings of Prophet Muhammad are noted by the
companions and called ‘hadith’.

15. 2) Al-Sunnah al-fi’liyyah
Definition;
• The actions of the Prophet Muhammad, including
both religious and worldly actions.
• These acts or method of performance are to be
followed.

16. 3)Sunnah taqririyyah
Definition;
The approvals of Prophet Muhammad regarding the actions of
the companions which occurred in two different ways:
- When he kept silent for an action and did not oppose to it.
- When he showed his pleasure and smiled for a companion’s
action.
• His silence ➔ called taqrir or tacit approval

17. Kinds of Sunnah with respect to its modes of transmission
• A hadith divided with respect to narration, 2 types;
1. Whose chain of narration
is complete; the narrators
are mentioned from the
beginning of the sanad up
to the Messenger of Allah,
no narrator is missing.
2. The chains of which one or more narrators
are missing.
According to Hanafi➔ Hadith mursal.
- Muhaddtithin; Mursal= chain name of
companion is missing.
- Muntaqi= name of narrator other than a
Companion is missing.

18. • Hadith Mutassil;
Majority of Jurists divided it into 2;
Mutawatir Ahad
Hanafi added third category;
Mashur

19. 1. Hadis Mutawatir
o Related by such a large
number of people that
their agreement to
propagate a falsehood
cannot be conceived.
o This applies to the
narration from the
beginning of its chain to
its end, it reaches
Prophet
2 types:
1. Tawatur in words /lafzi/
• All narrators are in agreement about the words
as well as meaning, indicates tawatur by its very
words.
• Example;

20. 1. Hadis Mutawatir
2. Tawatur in meaning/maknawi/
• Tradition that conveys the same
meaning even if the words are
not exactly the same.
• Example:
• Hadith below conveys the same
meaning but not in lafaz.

21. 1. Hadis Mutawatir
Contoh Hadis mutawattir :
:َ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫هللا‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ص‬ ِ‫هللا‬ ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬
ِ
‫ار‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫د‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬ ْ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ّا‬‫د‬ِّ‫م‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ َّ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫َذب‬‫ك‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬
Rasulullah Shallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam bersabda :
“Barang siapa yang berbohong atas namaku dengan sengaja, maka
hendaklah ia bersiap-siap untuk menempati tempat dudknya di
neraka.”

22. Example to Hadith Mutawatir

23. 1. Hadis Mutawatir
In the book (kitab) Qathf Al-Azhar Al-Mutanatsirah Fi Al-Akhbar Al-
Mutawatirah karya Al Imam Al Hafizh Jalaluddin Al-Suyuthi, this hadith have been
narrated by 78 sahabat Rasulullah, dengan perincian sebagai berikut :
1. Ali Ibn Abi Thalib RA, jalur : Bukhari dan Muslim
2. Abu Hurairah RA,jalur : Bukhari dan Muslim
3. Anas Ibn Malik RA, jalur : Bukhari dan Muslim
4. Al-Mughirah Ibn Syu’bah RA, jalur : Bukhari dan Muslim
5. Az-Zubair Ibn Al-Awam RA, jalur : Bukhari
6. Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa’, jalur : Bukhari
7. Ibn Amr RA, jalur : Bukhari
8. Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud RA, jalur : Tirmidzi, Nasa’I dan Ibn Majah
9. Jabir Ibn Abdullah RA, jalur : Ibn Majah
10. Abu Qatadah RA, jalur : Ibn Majah

24. 11.Abu Said Al-Khudri RA, Jalur : Ibn Majah
12.Ammar Ibn Habib RA, jalur : Al-Hakim
13. Ya’la Ibn Murrah RA, jalur : Ad-Darimi
14. Umar IbnAl-Khattab RA, jalur : Ahmad
15. Utsman IbnAffan RA, jalur : Ahmad
16. Khalid Ibn Urfathah, jalur ; Ahmad
17. Zaid IbnArqam RA, jalur : Ahmad
18.Abdullah Ibn Umar RA, jalur : Ahmad
19. Uqbah IbnAmir RA, jalur : Ahmad
20. Qais Ibn Sa’ad RA, jalur : Ahmad
21. Muawiyah IbnAbi Sufyan RA, jalur : Ahmad
22.Abu Said Al-Khudri, RA jalur : Ahmad
23.Abu Musa Al-Ghafiqi, jalur : Ahmad
24.Abu Bakar As-Shiddiq RA, jalur : Thabrani
25. Thalhah IbnAbdillah RA, jalur : Thabrani
26.Aus ibn Aus RA, jalur : Thabrani
27.Al-Barra’ IbnAzib Ra, jalur : Thabrani
28. Hudzaifah IbnAl-Yaman
29. Rafi’ Ibn Khudaij RA, jalur : Thabrani
30.As-Sa’ib IbnYazid RA, jalur : Thabrani
21. Muawiyah IbnAbi Sufyan RA, jalur : Ahmad
22.Abu Said Al-Khudri, RA jalur : Ahmad
23.Abu Musa Al-Ghafiqi, jalur : Ahmad
24.Abu Bakar As-Shiddiq RA, jalur : Thabrani
25. Thalhah IbnAbdillah RA, jalur : Thabrani
26.Aus ibn Aus RA, jalur : Thabrani
27.Al-Barra’ IbnAzib Ra, jalur : Thabrani
28. Hudzaifah IbnAl-Yaman
29. Rafi’ Ibn Khudaij RA, jalur : Thabrani
30.As-Sa’ib IbnYazid RA, jalur : Thabrani
31. Muawiyah IbnAbi Sufyan RA, jalur : Ahmad
32.Abu Said Al-Khudri, RA jalur : Ahmad
33.Abu Musa Al-Ghafiqi, jalur : Ahmad
34.Abu Bakar As-Shiddiq RA, jalur : Thabrani
35. Thalhah IbnAbdillah RA, jalur : Thabrani
36.Aus ibn Aus RA, jalur : Thabrani
37.Al-Barra’ IbnAzib Ra, jalur : Thabrani
38. Hudzaifah IbnAl-Yaman
39. Rafi’ Ibn Khudaij RA, jalur : Thabrani
40.As-Sa’ib IbnYazid RA, jalur : Thabrani

25. 41. Mu’adz Ibn Jabal RA, jalur : Thabrani
42. Nubait Bin Syurait RA, jalur : Thabrani
43. Ya’la Ibn Murrah RA, jalur : Thabrani
44.Abu Umamah RA, jalur : Thabrani
45.Abu Musa Al-Asy’ari RA, jalur : Thabrani
46.Abu Maimun Al-Kurdi RA, jalur : Thabrani
47.Abu Qirshafah RA, jalur : Thabrani
48. Thariq IbnAtsim RA, jalur : Thabrani
49. Said Ibn Zaid RA, jalur : Al-Bazzar
50. Imran Ibn Hushain RA, jalur : Al-Bazzar
51.SalmanAl-Farisi RA, jalur : Daraquthni
52. IbnAz-Zubair RA, jalur : Daraquthni
53. Yazid IbnAsad, jalur : Daraquthni
54.Abu Rimtsah RA, jalur : Daraquthni
55.Abu Rafi’ RA, jalur : Daraquthni
56. Ummu Aiman RA, jalur : Daraquthni
57. Jabir RA, jalur : Abu Na’im
58. Jabir Ibn Habis RA, jalur : Abu Na’im
59. Sulaiman Ibn Khalid RA, jalur : Daraquthni
60.Abdullah Ibn Zaghab RA, jalur : Daraquthni
61.Al-Mughirah Ibn Syu’bah RA, jalur : Daraquthni
62. Usamah Ibn Yazid RA, jalur : Ibn Qani’[2]
63.Abdullah IbnAbiAufa RA, jalur : Ibn Qani’
64. Buraidah RA, jalur : IbnAdi
65. Safinah RA, jalur : IbnAdi
66. Watsilah IbnAl-Asqa’RA, jalur : IbnAdi
67.Abu Ubaidah IbnAl-Jarah, jalur : Al-Khathib
68. Sa’ad IbnAbi Waqas RA, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
69. Hudzaifah IbnAsid RA, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
70. Yazid Ibn Tsabit RA, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
71. Ka’ab Ibn Qithbah Ra, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
72. Muawiyah Ibn Haidah RA, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
73.Al-Munqa’ At-Tamimi RA, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
74.Abu Kabsyah Al Anshari RA, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
75. Walid AbuAl Asyra’ RA, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
76.Abu Dzar Al-Ghifari RA, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
77.Aisyah Ra, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil
78.Abdurrahman IbnAuf RA, jalur : Yusuf Ibn Khalil

26. 2. Hadith Ahad / khabar wahid
• Reported by one or two persons from the beginning of its
chain upto its end when all traditions were recorded.
• Narrators do not reach level of tawatur in either of the first
three periods.
• Not relied upon in matters of faith, but is accepted in matters
of conduct.

27. 2. Hadith Ahad / khabar wahid
• Reported by one or two persons from the beginning of its
chain upto its end when all traditions were recorded.
• Narrators do not reach level of tawatur in either of the first
three periods.
• Not relied upon in matters of faith, but is accepted in matters
of conduct.

28. 2. Hadith Ahad / khabar wahid
• Divided into 3 types:
1. Masyhur
2. ‘Aziz
3. Gharib

29. 3. Hadith Mashur
• This refers to hadith conveyed by three or more narrators but
not considered mutawatir.
• According to Majority; considered to be khabar wahid.

30. Example to Hadith Masyhur

31. 3. Hadith ‘Aziz
• Hadith narrated by 2 narrators.

32. Example to Hadith Aziz

33. 3. Hadith Gharib
• Hadith narrated by 1 narrators.

34. Example to Hadith Gharib

35. 3. Hadith Mursal
• In Arabic, it means anything which was set free.
• Hadith which was referred to Rasullulah by a tabi’ee who did not
hear it from the prophet (peace be upon him)
• Where the top part of the chain is broken , where tabi’ee narrates
directly from the Prophet
In summary:
• Hadith narrated by one of the Tabi’ee
in directly in the name of Rasullulah
ulterance withoutthe name of any of
the sahabah.

36. 3. Hadith Mursal
Example:
• When Saed ibn Al-Musayib narrates that the Prophet said “such
and such”

37. The Sunnah is an important aspect of Islam and provides guidance for
Muslims to live according to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him). It is the collection of his words, actions and
practices that have been passed down from generation to generation.
Muslims believe that following the Sunnah is essential to achieving
closeness to Allah, as it embodies the Prophet's exemplary behavior and
serves as a model for how to live a virtuous life. To be a practicing
Muslim, one must follow the Sunnah and take it as a source of guidance
and inspiration, as it is a means to enhance spirituality, improve
character, and build a strong relationship with Allah.
CONCLUSION

38. Thank you
for listening