The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland, located below the external acoustic meatus between the ramus of the mandible and sternocleidomastoid muscle. It is encapsulated in fascia and resembles a three-sided pyramid. The gland contains the facial nerve, which enters on the posteromedial surface and exits on the anteromedial surface, distributing branches. The retromandibular vein forms within the gland before exiting. The external carotid artery supplies the gland while veins drain into the external and internal jugular veins. Stenson's duct emerges from the anterior border of the gland and opens into the oral vestibule.

1. Parotid
Parotid
Created By JAI KUMAR PANTHI
G l a n d

2. Contents
Jai Kumar Panthi
Relations
Structure of Parotid Gland
Parotid Gland - Introduction
General Information
Capsule
External Features
Apex
Surface
Borders
Nerves , Veins And Arteries
Parotid Duct

3. Parotid Gland
It is the Largest Salivary Gland
Weight About 25 g
It is Situated Below the External Acoustic
Meatus between the Ramus of Mandible and
Sternocleidomastoid
ANTERIORLY - Overlap - Masseter Muscle.
General Anatomy
Salivary Gland
General Information

4. Parotid Gland
The investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
forms a capsule for the gland.
It is supplied by great -
Capsule of Parotid Gland
The fascia splits (between the angle of the mandible
and the mastoid process) to enclose the gland
The superficial lamina fascia, thick and adherent to
the gland, is attached above to the zygomatic arch.
The Deep Lamina is thin and attached to Tympanic
plate
A portion of Deep Lamina is extended between the
styloid process and mandible is thickened to form
STYLOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT

5. Parotid Gland
The gland resembles a three-sided pyramid.
External Features
The apex of the pyramid is directed downwards.
The gland has four surfaces:
a. Superior (base of the pyramid)
b. Superficial
c. Anteromedial
d. Posteromedial.
The surfaces are separated by three borders:
a. Anterior
b. Posterior
c. Medial/pharyngeal edge

6. Relations
Parotid Gland
Posterior belly of Diagastric
Apex :
Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve
Two Divisions of Retro mandibular Vein
Surfaces :
Superior Surfaces : Superficial Temporal Vessel
Auriculotemporal Nerve
External Acoustic Meatus
Posterior Surface of TMJ
Superficial Surfaces : Skin
Superficial Fascia
Parotid Fascia
Deep Parotid lymph node

7. Parotid Gland
Anteromedial Surface :
Mastoid Process
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Surface Of TMJ
Posteromedial Surface :
Styloid Process
Ramus of Mandible
Borders :
Anterior Border : Terminal Branch of Facial Nerve
Parotid Duct
Transverse Facial Vessel
Posterior Border : Separates the superficial surface from
the posteromedial surface. It overlaps
the sternocleidomastoid
Medial Border : Separates the anteromedial surface
from the posteromedial surface.

8. Structure Within the Parotid Gland
Parotid Gland
Facial Nerve Enters Posteromedial Surface
Nerve :
Facial Nerve Leaves Anteromedial
Surface
Facial Nerve Branches -Temporal Branch
- Zygomatic Branch
- Buccal Branch
- Marginal Mandibular
Branch
- Cervical Branch

9. Structure Within the Parotid Gland
Parotid Gland
The retromandibular vein is formed
within the gland by the union of the
superficial temporal and Maxillary vein.
Veins :
In the lower part of the gland, the vein
divides into anterior and posterior
divisions which emerge close to the apex
(lower pole) of the gland
Blood Supply :
Veins - External Jugular Vein And Internal
Jugular Vein

10. Structure Within the Parotid Gland
Parotid Gland
External Carotid Artery enter in gland
through Posteromedial surface
Arteries :
Maxillary Artery leave the gland through
Anteromedial surface
The superficial temporal artery gives
transverse facial artery and emerges at
the anterior part of the superior surface.
Blood Supply :
Artery - External Carotid Artery

11. Structure Within the
Parotid Gland
Parotid Gland
Emerge to Middle of Anterior Borders of Gland.
Parotid Duct/ Stenson's Duct :
It runs forwards and slightly downwards on the
masseter.
It turns medially and pierces in the Buccinator
muscles.
Finally, the duct turns medially and opens into the
vestibule of the mouth.
Parotid duct is thick-walled and is about 5 cm
long.

12. Postganglionic Fibers
Joint Auriculotemporal nerve
Parotid Gland
Structure Within
the
Parotid Gland
Parotid Gland
Nerves :
Sensory Nerve - Auriculotemporal nerve
Sympathetic nerve - Vasometre Plexus Around
Parasympathetic nerve - Secretomotor
Preganglionic fibers from inferior salivatory nucleus
IX Nerve
Tympanic Branch
Tympanic Plexus
Lesser patrosal Nerve
Otic ganglion
Middle Meningel Artery

13. End of
Presentation
Parotid Gland
General Anatomy
"Thank you for your time and attention.
Jai Kumar Panthi
BDS Ist Year
Created By