Authors: Hai Yang, Tao Liang, Ruili Yao

1. 12/21/2021
Parcel Delivery Utilizing
Cargo Bike in Downtown
Brooklyn Area
(From UPS perspective)
Hai Yang, Tao Liang, Ruili Yao

2. 2
Cargo bike in downtown BK
• Densely populated (2020 Census)
• High percentage of business
• Most complete bike lane network
outside of Manhattan (NYCDOT)
• High percentage of narrow local
streets
• No extensive pilot program
conducted in Brooklyn area

3. 3
Package volume in downtown BK
● Studied area – Downtown Brooklyn & Dumbo
● Estimated by using UPS NYC daily volume
○ 413,000 daily package according to press
○ Volume breakdown using population distribution
■ 2.9% of total NYC population
■ 12,000 daily packages estimated
● Assume 50% of volume could be carried by cargo bike
● 6000+ daily volume

4. 4
Delivery Stops
● 811 stops, 1 stop for each block
● 6417 packages in total
● Average package/stop : 8
● Maximum package/stop :39
Package/Stop Histogram

5. 5
Bike Delivery vs Truck Delivery
Truck Delivery Bike Delivery

6. 6
Bike Hub
● 1 - Median
● Delivery volume： ℎ𝑖
● Distance between Stops: 𝑑𝑖𝑗 where 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
○ Euclidean Distance
● Find location: 𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑖 ℎ𝑗𝑑𝑖𝑗
Figure: Hub location (RED dot)

7. 7
Determine Routes
● No Time Window Restriction
● Generate Shortest Path Distance Matrix
○ OSMNX package in Python (Based on OpenStreetMap)
● Clarke-Wright algorithm
● Bike capacity: 40
Fig. Route Load Histogram Fig. Route Distance Histogram (km)

8. 8
Determine Delivery Hour
● 𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒 =
𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒
10
∗ 60 + 𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝 +
ℎ𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
2
○ Speed: 10 km/hr
○ 1 minute to complete each stop + 0.5 minute to handle each package
● Total delivery hour: 135.32
Fig. Bike Route Time histogram (hr)

9. 9
Truck Delivery
Fig. Route Distance Histogram (km) Fig. Truck Route Time Histogram (km)
● Capacity: 300
● Speed: 16km/h
● 3 minute per stop + 0.5 minute per package
● Total delivery hour: 114.83

10. 10
Comparison
● Bike Cost: Bike Delivery Cost + Bike Operation Cost + Truck Feeding Cost
● Truck Cost: Truck Delivery Cost + Truck Operation Cost
● Wage
○ Bike: $25/hr
○ Truck: $40/hr
Cost of Bike delivery 13.6% lower than truck delivery
Bike Truck
Time (hr) 148.23 114.83
Vehicle Kilometer Traveled (VKT) 260 549
Daily Cost (USD) 4145 4798

11. 11
Shortcomings
● Not including additional cost of establishing and running bike hub
● Strict Assumptions
● No time window constraints
● Fixed stop time
● Constant speed
● One stop per block
● Not including business packages
● Clarke-Wright algorithm: Classic but Antiquated

12. Thank You