Abby tells Jessica that Raymond, who is dating Penelope, sat with her at the cafeteria and was flirting with her. Jessica expresses doubt that Raymond would flirt with Abby given that he is dating Penelope. Abby insists that Raymond was flirting by asking her questions about the class they have together that he missed. The document provides a scenario where one character, Abby, claims that Raymond, who is dating another character Penelope, was flirting with her. Another character, Jessica, expresses skepticism about this given Raymond's relationship. Abby maintains that Raymond was flirting by asking her questions about a class.

1. ACTIVITY
Scenario:
Imagine that you were standing in line at
the cafeteria and overheard the following
conversation
Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/123710224/Paraphrasing-Exercises

2. • Abby: Oh my god, so yesterday I was just sitting at the cafeteria
table and RAYMOND came over and sat next to me! He is SO
HOT.
• Jessica: You mean, Raymond the boyfriend of Penelope?
• Abby: Yep, exactly that Raymond! He was totally flirting with me
though.
• Jessica. No way! He was flirting with you?! You gotta be kidding.
Penelope sure wouldn’t be happy to hear that!
• Abby: Oh, he was definitely flirting. He asked me a ton of
questions about class that day. He was all “I missed class so could
you fill me in” but you KNOW that’s just an excuse! He was totally
trying to get to know me.
Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/123710224/Paraphrasing-Exercises

3. •Let’s say you’re friends with Penelope. Pretend
that you are talking to her about the
conversation. What would your
conversation be like?
Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/123710224/Paraphrasing-Exercises

4. •We tell someone about things we heard or
did every day, while using our own words.
That’s exactly what you do in a paraphrase!
Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/123710224/Paraphrasing-Exercises

5. • Me: So Penelope, how are things going with Raymond?
• Penelope: Great! Why?
• Me: I overheard a conversation between two girls about how “hot” he was, and one of
the girls seemed to think he was flirting with her, but I think she was just making up a
story. But I thought I’d check.
• Penelope: What?! Flirting with her??
• Me: Yeah, that’s what she said. But actually I think she was just exaggerating. It was
Abby, you know her? She’s always convinced that everyone’s in love with her. She said
that Raymond had come over to talk with her in the cafeteria and asked her about a
class they were taking, because he’d missed the class. Somehow she decided that this
was flirting!
• Penelope: Oh sheesh. Abby’s just crazy. Raymond told me about her. Hope she
doesn’t try any moves on him.
• Me: Yeah, well she didn’t sound really serious. I guess she’ll probably just get
distracted by someone else soon.
Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/123710224/Paraphrasing-Exercises

6. GROUP WORK
•You will be grouped into five.
•Each group will be given a sheet of paper
which contains two parts.
•Compare the two passages.
•Share your answer after the given time.

7. The original passage:
Students frequently overuse
direct quotation in taking notes, and
as a result they overuse quotations
in the final [research] paper.
Probably only about 10% of your
final manuscript should appear as
directly quoted matter. Therefore,
you should strive to limit the
amount of exact transcribing of
source materials while taking notes.
Lester, James D. Writing Research
Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
A legitimate paraphrase:
In research papers
students often quote excessively,
failing to keep quoted material
down to a desirable level. Since
the problem usually originates
during note taking, it is essential
to minimize the material recorded
verbatim (Lester 46-47).
Source:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/619/
01/

8. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
•What information is presented in each part of the
paper?
•Which is a paraphrase?
•What are some characteristics of a good
paraphrase?
•What may be the steps in paraphrasing?

9. PARAPHRASE
•a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving
the meaning in another form
•Example: The teacher asked the students to write
a paraphrase of the poem.
Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paraphrase

10. A paraphrase (pronounced par–uh-freyz) is a
restatement or rewording of a paragraph or text, in
order to borrow, clarify, or expand on information
without plagiarizing. Paraphrasing is an important
tool to use when writing research papers, essays,
and pieces of journalism.
Source: https://literaryterms.net/paraphrase/

11. PARAPHRASE WHEN:
• You want to use another writer’s words without
plagiarizing
• You want to use another writer’s words without the use
of quotes
• The ideas of the other writer are more important than
his/her style
• You think that the words of the other writer are too
difficult for your readers

12. EXAMPLES OF PARAPHRASING
•She angered me with her inappropriate
comments, rumor-spreading, and
disrespectfulness at the formal dinner table.

13. Example 1
•She made me angry when she was rude at dinner.
This paraphrase is an example of a rewording which
shortens and simplifies while maintaining the same
meaning.

14. Example 2
•Her impoliteness, gossiping, and general lack of
respect at dinner infuriated me.
This rephrasing maintains the same meaning
but is rearranged in a creative way.

15. Example 3
•I was mad when she started spreading rumors,
making inappropriate comments, and
other guests at our dinner.
Another paraphrase, this rewording properly
and interestingly rearranges the information
provided in the original sentence.

16. STEPS IN PARAPHRASING
1. Read the text carefully. Underline, or note, any
important subject-specific words.
2. Look up any difficult words, and try to find synonyms
for them.
3. Try to find different ways of expressing the
information.
4. Rewrite each sentence. Try to simplify the sentence
structure and the vocabulary without changing the
meaning.

17. 4. Put you text out of sight and write your
paraphrase from memory.
5. Revise what you have written, comparing it to the
original. Your paraphrase should clarify the
original, but be written clearly in your own words.
6. Do not forget to use an in-text reference at the
start or end of your paraphrase.
STEPS IN PARAPHRASING

18. Original Text (45 words) Paraphrased text (56 words)
Traditionally, in oral and written
discourses, the masculine
'he' was used as a pronoun to
to a person whose gender was
unknown or irrelevant to the
context. Recently, this usage has
come under criticism for
supporting gender-based
stereotypes and is increasingly
considered inappropriate (Smith,
2010, p. 24).
If the gender of a person was not
known or was unimportant to the
meaning of oral or written texts, it
was customary to use the
form of 'he' when a pronoun was
required; however, there has been
growing concern about this
in modern usage because it
to privilege stereotypes based on
gender (Smith, 2010, p. 24).

19. ASSESS YOUR PARAPHRASE
The MEANING is the same.
 Most of the words have been changed.
 The sentences have been significantly restructured.
 This is about the same length as the original writing
The information is correctly referenced.
Source: Teaching and Learning Support (TaLS) – Fact Sheets http://www.une.edu.au/current-students/resources/academic-
skills/fact-sheets

20. THE IMPORTANCE OF USING
PARAPHRASE
• Paraphrasing is a way of referencing a source without
directly quoting it or of further explaining a selected
quote. Correct paraphrasing is important in that poor
paraphrasing can result in accusations of plagiarism, or
copying from a source without correctly citing it.
Paraphrasing allows writers to examine the meaning of
others’ work, creatively rephrase their statements, and
craft information to suit an essay or composition’s goal
or focus.

21. RELATED TERMS
• Summary
• Like paraphrases, summaries are rewordings of original
statements. Whereas paraphrases are precise and
specific, summaries are brief and selective. Summaries
report main points in a shortened version of the original,
whereas paraphrases simply restate the original
statement in a new way. Here is an example of summary
versus paraphrase:

22. Original Statement:
• At the party we had delicious red punch, a bunch of different appetizers,
a cookout. Since it was at the park, we played volleyball, went swimming,
sunbathed for fun.
Summary:
• At the party we enjoyed food and drink and various outdoor activities.
Here, the summary purposefully shortens the original statement while
its major points.
Paraphrase:
• At the party we drank some punch, ate a handful of appetizers, and had a
cookout. The park allowed us to enjoy a number of enjoyable activities
volleyball to swimming to sunbathing.

23. Original Passage
• By and large Yosemite has been preserved as though it were a painting.
boundaries of the park are the gilt frame around a masterpiece, and within
the frame we are urged to take only pictures, leave only footprints. There
enormously important reasons to do so—there are too many people
to the park to do it any other way—and yet I cannot help feeling
is sadly missing from this experience of nature. Looking is a fine thing to do
to pictures, but hardly an adequate way to live in the world. It is nature as a
place in which we do not belong, a place in which we do not live, in which
are intruders. A tourist is by definition an outsider, a person who does not
belong, a stranger in paradise.
• -Solnit, Rebecca. Savage Dreams: A Journey into the Landscape Wars of the
American West. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Print.

24. Plagiarized Version (creates a mosaic of copied language and
sentence structure)
• Yosemite has been preserved as though it were a framed
masterpiece. Within the frame of this masterpiece—within the
park boundaries—we are urged to take only pictures. Although
this is an important approach to take in visiting national parks, it
not an adequate way to live in relation to a place. When people
are told to look but not touch, they are sent the message that
is a place in which they are intruders, a message that may
preclude a healthy relationship with the natural world (Solnit

25. •What have you noticed with the plagiarized
version? Compare it with the original.
•How may plagiarism be avoided?

26. •Watch a video on plagiarism from this site:
•https://study.com/academy/lesson/paraphrasing-
without-plagiarism.html

27. WAYS TO AVOID PLAGIARISM

28. HOW TO PARAPHRASE A SOURCE
General advice
• When reading a passage, try first to understand it as a
whole, rather than pausing to write down specific ideas
or phrases.
• Be selective. Unless your assignment is to do a formal or
"literal" paraphrase, you usually don?t need to
paraphrase an entire passage; instead, choose and
summarize the material that helps you make a point in
your paper.
Source: https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/qpa_paraphrase2.html

29. •Think of what "your own words" would be if you
were telling someone who's unfamiliar with your
subject (your mother, your brother, a friend) what
the original source said.
•Remember that you can use direct quotations of
phrases from the original within your paraphrase,
and that you don't need to change or put
quotation marks around shared language.
Source: https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/qpa_paraphrase2.html

30. METHODS OF PARAPHRASING
•Look away from the source then write.
Read the text you want to paraphrase several times
until you feel that you understand it and can use
your own words to restate it to someone else.
Then, look away from the original and rewrite the
text in your own words.
Source: https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/qpa_paraphrase2.html

31. Source: https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/qpa_paraphrase2.html
•Take notes.
Take abbreviated notes; set the notes aside; then
paraphrase from the notes a day or so later, or when
you draft.
If you find that you can't do A or B, this may mean
that you don't understand the passage completely
or that you need to use a more structured process
until you have more experience in paraphrasing.

32. Why are the skills in paraphrasing
important?

33. APPLICATION
•You will be given paragraphs to paraphrase.
•After 30 minutes, you will post your output
for processing.

34. Source: https://www.tales2go.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/paraphrasing-rubric.pdf

35. THANK YOU VERY
MUCH!