This summarizes a stochastic model for a two-unit standby industrial system with varying demand. The system has two units that can operate depending on the load. Each unit can experience two types of failures: type I with no standby, type II with standby. The model determines transition probabilities between states using regenerative point technique. Reliability metrics like mean time to system failure, availability, and profit are analyzed. The model is applied to a rice manufacturing plant as a case study.
A Framework for Dead stock Management System for in-house computer engineerin...theijes
The document describes a framework for a deadstock management system for an in-house computer engineering department. The system aims to improve on maintaining records of equipment using paper-based methods. It features a web-based interface with different user roles and allows for adding, modifying and deleting equipment records. The system generates reports on equipment status to help with tasks like practical exams. It also sends notifications to ensure consistent data maintenance. The framework covers system architecture, module relationships, and security measures to authorize different user levels. Validation processes ensure accurate data entry and error tracking.
A Brief Research On Turbojet Engine By Using MPM 20IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a research article about designing a digital control system for a small turbojet engine called the MPM 20. It begins by introducing the engine and describing its basic operation. It then discusses designing a digital control system using a PIC 16F84A microcontroller to control a servo-vent valve and manipulate fuel flow, allowing dynamic control of the engine's RPM. It proposes a situational control system approach incorporating neural networks and fuzzy logic to create an accurate dynamic model of the engine and allow control across its full operating range.
PLC based Automatic Liquid Filling System for Different Sized BottlesIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a PLC-based automatic liquid filling system for different sized bottles. The system uses a programmable logic controller to control a conveyor belt that transports bottles under solenoid valves for filling. Sensors detect the bottle positions and signal the PLC to operate the valves and conveyor for automated filling. The system is able to flexibly fill various bottle sizes by changing the PLC program. It provides increased productivity over traditional methods with reduced costs and human labor.
Actuator Fault Decoupled Residual Generation on Lateral Moving AircraftTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Implementation of time-scheduled maintenance is not suitable if it is applied for systems with
many varieties of heavy workload and harsh environment since on that condition components degrade
earlier that those under normal condition. Therefore it has been shifted to condition-based maintenance
(CBM). One important aspect, among others, toward implementation of CBM method is fault isolation. The
problem investigated in this paper is related todecouple residual generation for actuator fault isolation of an
aircraft on lateral movement. The proposed solution for that problem is to implement combination of
transformation matrix and special filter. Transformation matrix is used to convert feature locations of
actuator faults to signature vectors. Moreover, the signature vectors will be processed further by special
filter to generate decoupled residuals. It is assumed that the actuator is the only fault when the aircraft is
on lateral movement. The result showed that special filter and transformation matrix can be designed so
that the residual of aileron actuator fault is decoupled from the residual of rudder actuator fault.
Santanu Bose is seeking a position in sales, marketing, maintenance planning or business excellence. He has over 9 years of experience in maintenance planning and electrical maintenance. His most recent role was as Assistant Manager of Maintenance Planning at Gontermann-Peipers India, where he was responsible for preventative maintenance planning, budget management, and implementing TPM programs. Previously he worked at ITC Limited as an Assistant Officer in electrical maintenance planning and execution. He has a B.Tech in Electrical Engineering and postgraduate diplomas in business administration and electrical engineering.
Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces like soil and occurs through three main types: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering is caused by temperature changes that freeze water in cracks of rocks. Chemical weathering happens when rainwater dissolves gases and chemically reacts with minerals in rocks. Biological weathering occurs through tree roots and small creatures penetrating cracks in rocks.
This document summarizes a study analyzing traffic flow characteristics on roads in PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Traffic volume data was collected manually and via video recordings at the institute's two main gates over peak hours on weekdays. The data was analyzed to determine traffic composition, hourly and daily variations, and the capacity and level of service of the roads. It was found that the maximum traffic volumes occurred during morning and evening peak hours. The traffic consisted primarily of cars and two-wheelers. Capacity and level of service calculations showed deteriorating conditions during peaks with excessive delays and congestion. Recommendations were made to improve traffic flow.
This document summarizes a study on using warm mix asphalt technology to reduce the mixing and compaction temperatures of bituminous concrete mixes. The study used Rediset-WMX, an organic additive, combined with a VG-30 binder. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of the aggregates and binder. A Marshall mix design was used to find the optimum binder content. Samples were prepared at different temperatures and Rediset dosages to determine the optimum temperature and dosage. The warm mix with VG-30 and Rediset satisfied all Marshall stability requirements and could be suitable for roads with heavy traffic while allowing lower production temperatures and reduced emissions.
A Framework for Dead stock Management System for in-house computer engineerin...theijes
The document describes a framework for a deadstock management system for an in-house computer engineering department. The system aims to improve on maintaining records of equipment using paper-based methods. It features a web-based interface with different user roles and allows for adding, modifying and deleting equipment records. The system generates reports on equipment status to help with tasks like practical exams. It also sends notifications to ensure consistent data maintenance. The framework covers system architecture, module relationships, and security measures to authorize different user levels. Validation processes ensure accurate data entry and error tracking.
A Brief Research On Turbojet Engine By Using MPM 20IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a research article about designing a digital control system for a small turbojet engine called the MPM 20. It begins by introducing the engine and describing its basic operation. It then discusses designing a digital control system using a PIC 16F84A microcontroller to control a servo-vent valve and manipulate fuel flow, allowing dynamic control of the engine's RPM. It proposes a situational control system approach incorporating neural networks and fuzzy logic to create an accurate dynamic model of the engine and allow control across its full operating range.
PLC based Automatic Liquid Filling System for Different Sized BottlesIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a PLC-based automatic liquid filling system for different sized bottles. The system uses a programmable logic controller to control a conveyor belt that transports bottles under solenoid valves for filling. Sensors detect the bottle positions and signal the PLC to operate the valves and conveyor for automated filling. The system is able to flexibly fill various bottle sizes by changing the PLC program. It provides increased productivity over traditional methods with reduced costs and human labor.
Actuator Fault Decoupled Residual Generation on Lateral Moving AircraftTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Implementation of time-scheduled maintenance is not suitable if it is applied for systems with
many varieties of heavy workload and harsh environment since on that condition components degrade
earlier that those under normal condition. Therefore it has been shifted to condition-based maintenance
(CBM). One important aspect, among others, toward implementation of CBM method is fault isolation. The
problem investigated in this paper is related todecouple residual generation for actuator fault isolation of an
aircraft on lateral movement. The proposed solution for that problem is to implement combination of
transformation matrix and special filter. Transformation matrix is used to convert feature locations of
actuator faults to signature vectors. Moreover, the signature vectors will be processed further by special
filter to generate decoupled residuals. It is assumed that the actuator is the only fault when the aircraft is
on lateral movement. The result showed that special filter and transformation matrix can be designed so
that the residual of aileron actuator fault is decoupled from the residual of rudder actuator fault.
Santanu Bose is seeking a position in sales, marketing, maintenance planning or business excellence. He has over 9 years of experience in maintenance planning and electrical maintenance. His most recent role was as Assistant Manager of Maintenance Planning at Gontermann-Peipers India, where he was responsible for preventative maintenance planning, budget management, and implementing TPM programs. Previously he worked at ITC Limited as an Assistant Officer in electrical maintenance planning and execution. He has a B.Tech in Electrical Engineering and postgraduate diplomas in business administration and electrical engineering.
Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces like soil and occurs through three main types: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering is caused by temperature changes that freeze water in cracks of rocks. Chemical weathering happens when rainwater dissolves gases and chemically reacts with minerals in rocks. Biological weathering occurs through tree roots and small creatures penetrating cracks in rocks.
This document summarizes a study analyzing traffic flow characteristics on roads in PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Traffic volume data was collected manually and via video recordings at the institute's two main gates over peak hours on weekdays. The data was analyzed to determine traffic composition, hourly and daily variations, and the capacity and level of service of the roads. It was found that the maximum traffic volumes occurred during morning and evening peak hours. The traffic consisted primarily of cars and two-wheelers. Capacity and level of service calculations showed deteriorating conditions during peaks with excessive delays and congestion. Recommendations were made to improve traffic flow.
This document summarizes a study on using warm mix asphalt technology to reduce the mixing and compaction temperatures of bituminous concrete mixes. The study used Rediset-WMX, an organic additive, combined with a VG-30 binder. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of the aggregates and binder. A Marshall mix design was used to find the optimum binder content. Samples were prepared at different temperatures and Rediset dosages to determine the optimum temperature and dosage. The warm mix with VG-30 and Rediset satisfied all Marshall stability requirements and could be suitable for roads with heavy traffic while allowing lower production temperatures and reduced emissions.
This document summarizes a study on enhancing the coefficient of performance (COP) of a domestic refrigerator by recovering heat from its condenser unit. The researchers installed a thermosiphon heat recovery system to transfer heat from the refrigerator's condenser to a water tank. Experimental results showed that the modified refrigerator with the heat recovery unit achieved higher theoretical and actual COP compared to a conventional refrigerator with an air-cooled condenser. Over an 8 hour period, the heat recovery system was able to heat 100 liters of water in the tank to 60°C. Recovering waste heat from the condenser in this manner improves the refrigerator's energy efficiency while also providing hot water for household use.
1) The document discusses techniques for analyzing fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) signals extracted noninvasively from abdominal recordings of a pregnant woman.
2) It describes how independent component analysis (ICA) can be used to separate the fetal ECG signal from other signals including maternal ECG and noise by taking advantage of the statistical independence between the different signal sources.
3) The paper presents results of applying a fixed-point ICA algorithm on multi-channel abdominal recordings, successfully separating out the fetal ECG signal from the other independent components representing maternal ECG and noise.
This document reviews developments in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies. It discusses how EOR will play an important role in meeting future energy demands as oil discoveries decline. The document categorizes different EOR methods and discusses some of their objectives, including reducing oil-water interfacial tension and increasing capillary number. It also discusses challenges to implementing EOR projects and presents figures illustrating microscopic and macroscopic sweep efficiencies during EOR processes.
This document summarizes a study that investigated using a vortex tube for cooling during machining of mild steel. The study used Taguchi's design of experiments to optimize cutting parameters (speed, feed rate, depth of cut) to minimize tool wear. Experiments were conducted using an L9 orthogonal array with 3 factors at 3 levels. Analysis of variance identified depth of cut as the most influential parameter on tool wear. Optimization found the best parameters for minimizing wear were: speed of 190 rpm, feed of 0.36 mm/rev, and depth of 2 mm. Vortex tube cooling was found to be an effective, environmentally friendly alternative to liquid coolants for reducing tool wear during machining.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the thermal performance of different material combinations for vehicle roofs using computer simulations. The study aimed to reduce heat transfer through the roof and into the vehicle cabin. Three-layer material combinations of cenosphere-magnesium-cenosphere and cenosphere-nimonic-cenosphere were modeled and tested. The cenosphere-nimonic-cenosphere design showed a slightly larger reduction in inside roof temperature of 20.10°C compared to the cenosphere-magnesium-cenosphere design which reduced temperature by 20.02°C. Both designs showed potential to reduce heat transfer into the vehicle and improve thermal comfort for passengers.
1) The document describes the design of a compensation filter for a Generalized Comb Filter (GCF) using a Maximally-Flat minimization technique.
2) The coefficients of the proposed compensation filter are obtained by solving two linear equations to minimize passband droop.
3) The compensation filter operates at a lower rate than the GCF and significantly reduces passband droop when cascaded with the GCF.
This document discusses how virtualization and cloud computing can improve disaster recovery management. It begins by describing traditional disaster recovery approaches like dedicated and shared models that require tradeoffs between cost and speed of recovery. It then explains how cloud computing provides virtualized disaster recovery mechanisms that can offer lower costs, faster recovery times through replication of virtual servers, and improved scalability and flexibility. The document concludes that cloud computing is well-suited for disaster recovery as it allows organizations to scale resources as needed and achieve more reliable continuity of operations at lower costs than traditional approaches.
This document summarizes 10 research papers on various techniques for facial expression recognition. The papers cover topics like using local gray code patterns and kernel canonical correlation analysis to extract facial features and recognize expressions. Other techniques discussed include using facial animation parameters and hidden Markov models, active appearance models to track facial features over video sequences, and using geometric deformation features and support vector machines to recognize expressions in image sequences. The document provides an overview of the different approaches researchers have taken and their relative performances on standard datasets.
This study evaluated the effects of treating clayey soil (CL soil) with 0.041% Terrasil chemical for soil stabilization. Laboratory tests found that treating the soil improved its engineering properties and strength. The liquid limit, plastic limit, and permeability decreased while the CBR increased. Cyclic loading tests also showed the treated soil had higher deviator stress values, reducing liquefaction potential. Pavement thickness designs calculated per IRC-37-2012 found the treated soil required a thickness 25% lower than untreated CL soil, reducing construction costs. The study demonstrates Terrasil chemical effectively enhances the strength properties of clayey soil.
This document describes an image fusion method using pyramidal decomposition. It proposes extracting fine details from input images using guided filtering and fusing the base layers of images across multiple exposures or focal points using a multiresolution pyramid approach. A weight map is generated considering exposure, contrast, and saturation to guide the fusion of base layers. The fused base layer is then combined with extracted fine details to produce a detail-enhanced fused image. The goal is to preserve details in both very dark and extremely bright regions of the input images. It is argued that this method can effectively fuse images from different exposures or focal points without introducing artifacts.
Diseño instruccional para la producción de cursos en línea y el e learningMontserg93
En este archivo encontrarás información breve acerca de los siguientes temas:
-Educación a distancia y medios
-La convergencia de modalidades en los entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje
-Cursos en línea y el e-learning, cuestión de instancias y alcances
-Nuevas formas de concebir y organizar entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, nuevos modelos para el diseño de instrucción
-Lineamientos para la producción de cursos en línea y para el e-learning
Crank shaft sensor is a crucial part of car's engine in modern automobile engineering. It monitors engine's various components via the vehicle's computerized engine management system. This sensor helps to look overall engine functions, track the speed of crank shaft rotation and also check for the engine valves with respect to the pistons.
Bulls are making some moves to come back in the game where their move can get extended towards 8050 level but that will be another opportunity for bears.
Ashok Leyland Limited is an India-based automotive company engaged in commercial vehicles and components. It offers a range of commercial vehicles including buses, trucks, light commercial vehicles, and defense vehicles. The company reported net sales of Rs. 13,562.18 crore and net profit of Rs. 334.81 crore for the financial year ending March 2015. Analysts expect net sales and profit to grow at a CAGR of 27.16% and 253.79% respectively over 2014-2017. The stock is recommended as a buy with a target price of Rs. 96 per share for medium to long term investment.
Probabilistic Modeling and Performance Analysis of A 2(K)-Out-Of-3(N) System ...IJMER
In repairable redundant the failed units can either be repaired or replaced by identical standby to reduce the system down time. The failed units are inspected for repair/replacement. In this paper, one stochastic model for 2(k)-out-of-3(n) redundant system of identical units with repair and inspection are examined stochastically. The system is considered in up-state only if 2(k)-out-of-3(n) units are operative in this model. Normally, the server either attends the system promptly or may take some time, after failure. The system is studied under an operational restriction on the inspection i.e. in case when system has only one unit in operational mode the server has to attend the system for inspection. Semi- Markov processes and regenerative point technique is adopted to obtain the expressions for measures of system effectiveness such as transition probabilities, mean sojourn times, to system failure , steady state availability, busy period, expected number of visits etc. Cost-analysis is also carried out for the system model.
The document summarizes key concepts related to failure and repair rates in manufacturing industries. It defines reliability as the probability a system will perform as intended without failure for a given period of time. Availability accounts for both reliability and how quickly a system can be repaired. It also defines failure rate, repair rate, and different types of availability like point availability and mean availability. Maintainability is defined as how easily and quickly a system can be restored after failure.
Proposed Algorithm for Surveillance ApplicationsEditor IJCATR
Technological systems are vulnerable to faults. In many fault situations, the system operation has to be stopped to avoid
damage to machinery and humans. As a consequence, the detection and the handling of faults play an increasing role in modern
technology, where many highly automated components interact in a complex way such that a fault in a single component may cause
the malfunction of the whole system. This work introduces the main ideas of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control under the optics
of various research work done in this area. It presents the Arduino technology in both hardware and software sides. The purpose of this
paper is to propose a diagnostic algorithm based on this technology. A case study is proposed for this setting. Moreover, we explained
and discussed the result of our algorithm.
1) The document describes a two-component cold standby repairable system with one repairman and priority use for component 1.
2) It assumes component 2 is as good as new after repair, while component 1 follows a geometric process repair model and is not as good as new.
3) The goal is to determine an optimal replacement policy N* for the system based on the number of repairs for component 1 to minimize long-run expected costs.
Delayed feedback control of nonlinear phenomena in indirect field oriented co...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Indirect Field Oriented Controlled (IFOC) Induction Motor often shows the nonlinearity in time domain response of its speed and current due to the instability of the periodic orbits. The system undergoes Hopf bifurcation which is essentially caused by the unstable equilibrium points. In this work our aim is directed towards the stabilization of the unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) by continuously perturbing the system by a time delayed version of any state variable in a feedback form. The clarification of controlling the system from any periodic even chaotic mode to any stable periodic mode is presented by both numerical analysis and software simulation. Index Terms: IFOC-IM, Hopf Bifurcation, Time Delayed Feedback Control, Control of Nonlinear Dynamics.
Delayed feedback control of nonlinear phenomena in indirect field oriented co...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a study on enhancing the coefficient of performance (COP) of a domestic refrigerator by recovering heat from its condenser unit. The researchers installed a thermosiphon heat recovery system to transfer heat from the refrigerator's condenser to a water tank. Experimental results showed that the modified refrigerator with the heat recovery unit achieved higher theoretical and actual COP compared to a conventional refrigerator with an air-cooled condenser. Over an 8 hour period, the heat recovery system was able to heat 100 liters of water in the tank to 60°C. Recovering waste heat from the condenser in this manner improves the refrigerator's energy efficiency while also providing hot water for household use.
1) The document discusses techniques for analyzing fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) signals extracted noninvasively from abdominal recordings of a pregnant woman.
2) It describes how independent component analysis (ICA) can be used to separate the fetal ECG signal from other signals including maternal ECG and noise by taking advantage of the statistical independence between the different signal sources.
3) The paper presents results of applying a fixed-point ICA algorithm on multi-channel abdominal recordings, successfully separating out the fetal ECG signal from the other independent components representing maternal ECG and noise.
This document reviews developments in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies. It discusses how EOR will play an important role in meeting future energy demands as oil discoveries decline. The document categorizes different EOR methods and discusses some of their objectives, including reducing oil-water interfacial tension and increasing capillary number. It also discusses challenges to implementing EOR projects and presents figures illustrating microscopic and macroscopic sweep efficiencies during EOR processes.
This document summarizes a study that investigated using a vortex tube for cooling during machining of mild steel. The study used Taguchi's design of experiments to optimize cutting parameters (speed, feed rate, depth of cut) to minimize tool wear. Experiments were conducted using an L9 orthogonal array with 3 factors at 3 levels. Analysis of variance identified depth of cut as the most influential parameter on tool wear. Optimization found the best parameters for minimizing wear were: speed of 190 rpm, feed of 0.36 mm/rev, and depth of 2 mm. Vortex tube cooling was found to be an effective, environmentally friendly alternative to liquid coolants for reducing tool wear during machining.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the thermal performance of different material combinations for vehicle roofs using computer simulations. The study aimed to reduce heat transfer through the roof and into the vehicle cabin. Three-layer material combinations of cenosphere-magnesium-cenosphere and cenosphere-nimonic-cenosphere were modeled and tested. The cenosphere-nimonic-cenosphere design showed a slightly larger reduction in inside roof temperature of 20.10°C compared to the cenosphere-magnesium-cenosphere design which reduced temperature by 20.02°C. Both designs showed potential to reduce heat transfer into the vehicle and improve thermal comfort for passengers.
1) The document describes the design of a compensation filter for a Generalized Comb Filter (GCF) using a Maximally-Flat minimization technique.
2) The coefficients of the proposed compensation filter are obtained by solving two linear equations to minimize passband droop.
3) The compensation filter operates at a lower rate than the GCF and significantly reduces passband droop when cascaded with the GCF.
This document discusses how virtualization and cloud computing can improve disaster recovery management. It begins by describing traditional disaster recovery approaches like dedicated and shared models that require tradeoffs between cost and speed of recovery. It then explains how cloud computing provides virtualized disaster recovery mechanisms that can offer lower costs, faster recovery times through replication of virtual servers, and improved scalability and flexibility. The document concludes that cloud computing is well-suited for disaster recovery as it allows organizations to scale resources as needed and achieve more reliable continuity of operations at lower costs than traditional approaches.
This document summarizes 10 research papers on various techniques for facial expression recognition. The papers cover topics like using local gray code patterns and kernel canonical correlation analysis to extract facial features and recognize expressions. Other techniques discussed include using facial animation parameters and hidden Markov models, active appearance models to track facial features over video sequences, and using geometric deformation features and support vector machines to recognize expressions in image sequences. The document provides an overview of the different approaches researchers have taken and their relative performances on standard datasets.
This study evaluated the effects of treating clayey soil (CL soil) with 0.041% Terrasil chemical for soil stabilization. Laboratory tests found that treating the soil improved its engineering properties and strength. The liquid limit, plastic limit, and permeability decreased while the CBR increased. Cyclic loading tests also showed the treated soil had higher deviator stress values, reducing liquefaction potential. Pavement thickness designs calculated per IRC-37-2012 found the treated soil required a thickness 25% lower than untreated CL soil, reducing construction costs. The study demonstrates Terrasil chemical effectively enhances the strength properties of clayey soil.
This document describes an image fusion method using pyramidal decomposition. It proposes extracting fine details from input images using guided filtering and fusing the base layers of images across multiple exposures or focal points using a multiresolution pyramid approach. A weight map is generated considering exposure, contrast, and saturation to guide the fusion of base layers. The fused base layer is then combined with extracted fine details to produce a detail-enhanced fused image. The goal is to preserve details in both very dark and extremely bright regions of the input images. It is argued that this method can effectively fuse images from different exposures or focal points without introducing artifacts.
Diseño instruccional para la producción de cursos en línea y el e learningMontserg93
En este archivo encontrarás información breve acerca de los siguientes temas:
-Educación a distancia y medios
-La convergencia de modalidades en los entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje
-Cursos en línea y el e-learning, cuestión de instancias y alcances
-Nuevas formas de concebir y organizar entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, nuevos modelos para el diseño de instrucción
-Lineamientos para la producción de cursos en línea y para el e-learning
Crank shaft sensor is a crucial part of car's engine in modern automobile engineering. It monitors engine's various components via the vehicle's computerized engine management system. This sensor helps to look overall engine functions, track the speed of crank shaft rotation and also check for the engine valves with respect to the pistons.
Bulls are making some moves to come back in the game where their move can get extended towards 8050 level but that will be another opportunity for bears.
Ashok Leyland Limited is an India-based automotive company engaged in commercial vehicles and components. It offers a range of commercial vehicles including buses, trucks, light commercial vehicles, and defense vehicles. The company reported net sales of Rs. 13,562.18 crore and net profit of Rs. 334.81 crore for the financial year ending March 2015. Analysts expect net sales and profit to grow at a CAGR of 27.16% and 253.79% respectively over 2014-2017. The stock is recommended as a buy with a target price of Rs. 96 per share for medium to long term investment.
Probabilistic Modeling and Performance Analysis of A 2(K)-Out-Of-3(N) System ...IJMER
In repairable redundant the failed units can either be repaired or replaced by identical standby to reduce the system down time. The failed units are inspected for repair/replacement. In this paper, one stochastic model for 2(k)-out-of-3(n) redundant system of identical units with repair and inspection are examined stochastically. The system is considered in up-state only if 2(k)-out-of-3(n) units are operative in this model. Normally, the server either attends the system promptly or may take some time, after failure. The system is studied under an operational restriction on the inspection i.e. in case when system has only one unit in operational mode the server has to attend the system for inspection. Semi- Markov processes and regenerative point technique is adopted to obtain the expressions for measures of system effectiveness such as transition probabilities, mean sojourn times, to system failure , steady state availability, busy period, expected number of visits etc. Cost-analysis is also carried out for the system model.
The document summarizes key concepts related to failure and repair rates in manufacturing industries. It defines reliability as the probability a system will perform as intended without failure for a given period of time. Availability accounts for both reliability and how quickly a system can be repaired. It also defines failure rate, repair rate, and different types of availability like point availability and mean availability. Maintainability is defined as how easily and quickly a system can be restored after failure.
Proposed Algorithm for Surveillance ApplicationsEditor IJCATR
Technological systems are vulnerable to faults. In many fault situations, the system operation has to be stopped to avoid
damage to machinery and humans. As a consequence, the detection and the handling of faults play an increasing role in modern
technology, where many highly automated components interact in a complex way such that a fault in a single component may cause
the malfunction of the whole system. This work introduces the main ideas of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control under the optics
of various research work done in this area. It presents the Arduino technology in both hardware and software sides. The purpose of this
paper is to propose a diagnostic algorithm based on this technology. A case study is proposed for this setting. Moreover, we explained
and discussed the result of our algorithm.
1) The document describes a two-component cold standby repairable system with one repairman and priority use for component 1.
2) It assumes component 2 is as good as new after repair, while component 1 follows a geometric process repair model and is not as good as new.
3) The goal is to determine an optimal replacement policy N* for the system based on the number of repairs for component 1 to minimize long-run expected costs.
Delayed feedback control of nonlinear phenomena in indirect field oriented co...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Indirect Field Oriented Controlled (IFOC) Induction Motor often shows the nonlinearity in time domain response of its speed and current due to the instability of the periodic orbits. The system undergoes Hopf bifurcation which is essentially caused by the unstable equilibrium points. In this work our aim is directed towards the stabilization of the unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) by continuously perturbing the system by a time delayed version of any state variable in a feedback form. The clarification of controlling the system from any periodic even chaotic mode to any stable periodic mode is presented by both numerical analysis and software simulation. Index Terms: IFOC-IM, Hopf Bifurcation, Time Delayed Feedback Control, Control of Nonlinear Dynamics.
Delayed feedback control of nonlinear phenomena in indirect field oriented co...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design Nonlinear Model Reference with Fuzzy Controller for Nonlinear SISO Sec...IJECEIAES
The document describes a proposed design for a nonlinear model reference controller combined with type-1 and interval type-2 fuzzy control schemes for nonlinear single-input single-output (SISO) systems. The model reference controller is designed based on an optimal desired model and Lyapunov stability theory. Then a type-1 or interval type-2 fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno controller is combined with the model reference controller to improve its performance by reducing steady state error from the system response. The proposed controller is applied to control an inverted pendulum system. Simulation results show that the model reference controller with interval type-2 fuzzy control has better performance than with type-1 fuzzy control.
Optimized sensor selection for control and fault tolerance of electromagnetic...ISA Interchange
This paper presents a systematic design framework for selecting the sensors in an optimized manner, simultaneously satisfying a set of given complex system control requirements, i.e. optimum and robust performance as well as fault tolerant control for high integrity systems. It is worth noting that optimum sensor selection in control system design is often a non-trivial task. Among all candidate sensor sets, the algorithm explores and separately optimizes system performance with all the feasible sensor sets in order to identify fallback options under single or multiple sensor faults. The proposed approach combines modern robust control design, fault tolerant control, multi-objective optimization and Monte Carlo techniques. Without loss of generality, it's efficacy is tested on an electromagnetic suspension system via appropriate realistic simulations.
This document describes a system for monitoring transformer oil temperature using a PIC microcontroller. The system continuously monitors the oil temperature and automatically shuts down the transformer if the temperature exceeds safe limits. It displays the temperature readings for users. The system is designed to make transformers more secure and intelligent by detecting problems early to prevent costly failures or loss of service. It can cut operational and maintenance costs for transformers.
Power System Restoration Methodologies & Implementation StrategiesPower System Operation
General Discussion
This part presents papers that offer excellent overviews of the power system restoration process. They provide background and introductory material for those who want to become familiar with the key aspects of restoration. More importantly, they also include in-depth discussions of the overall restoration process. They help to illustrate the careful balance that will be required between different objectives, components, constraints, and operations to ensure a successful restoration.
II. Discussion of Reprints
1.01 Power System Restoration-A Task Force Report, 1987, p. 3
The first paper offers a comprehensive discussion of the restoration process by first introducing the essential steps in restoration. It then examines restoration considerations for systems with specific types of generation, as well as considerations that are common to all systems such as switching operations timing and cold load inrush. To help address these concerns and plans for restoration, the paper discusses database requirements for generators, particularly with respect to hot restarts. It also provides background on generator mechanical, electrical, and frequency control systems; and how they impact restoration. The paper also discusses the importance of balancing reactive power and controlling voltage during restoration. It goes on to illustrate how load and generation need to be balanced as restoration proceeds, and how controlled islanding and generation isolation may develop. Finally, the paper compares the philosophies of sequential versus parallel restoration in terms of backup power supply problems, blackstart capability, and sectionalizing subsystems.
State and fault estimation based on fuzzy observer for a class of Takagi-Suge...IJEECSIAES
Singular nonlinear systems have received wide attention in recent years, and can be found in various applications of engineering practice. On the basis of the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) formalism, which represents a powerful tool allowing the study and the treatment of nonlinear systems, many control and diagnostic problems have been treated in the literature. In this work, we aim to present a new approach making it possible to estimate simultaneously both non-measurable states and unknown faults in the actuators and sensors for a class of continuous-time Takagi-Sugeno singular model (CTSSM). Firstly, the considered class of CTSSM is represented in the case of premise variables which are non-measurable, and is subjected to actuator and sensor faults. Secondly, the suggested observer is synthesized based on the decomposition approach. Next, the observer’s gain matrices are determined using the Lyapunov theory and the constraints are defined as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical simulation on an application example is given to demonstrate the usefulness and the good performance of the proposed dynamic system.
State and fault estimation based on fuzzy observer for a class of Takagi-Suge...nooriasukmaningtyas
Singular nonlinear systems have received wide attention in recent years, and can be found in various applications of engineering practice. On the basis of the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) formalism, which represents a powerful tool allowing the study and the treatment of nonlinear systems, many control and diagnostic problems have been treated in the literature. In this work, we aim to present a new approach making it possible to estimate simultaneously both non-measurable states and unknown faults in the actuators and sensors for a class of continuous-time Takagi-Sugeno singular model (CTSSM). Firstly, the considered class of CTSSM is represented in the case of premise variables which are non-measurable, and is subjected to actuator and sensor faults. Secondly, the suggested observer is synthesized based on the decomposition approach. Next, the observer’s gain matrices are determined using the Lyapunov theory and the constraints are defined as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical simulation on an application example is given to demonstrate the usefulness and the good performance of the proposed dynamic system.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes the performance of a sugar mill feeding system using Markov process modeling. The feeding system has four subsystems: a cutting system, crushing system, bagasse carrying system, and heat generating system. The researchers model the system's states using a time-homogeneous Markov process to determine the reliability function and steady-state availability. They then use genetic algorithm optimization to determine optimal system design parameters that maximize availability. The methodology section outlines the assumptions made and describes how Markov modeling and genetic algorithms are applied to analyze the system and optimize its performance.
by Andrew Rowland
Management of aging electronic systems is a problem faced by many industries. Management of these systems requires some understanding of their reliability performance. In the United States commercial nuclear industry several approaches are being taken in an attempt to understand the reliability performance of plant systems. This article describes one approach being used. The method is non- parametric and requires no specialized data analysis software.
Availability is a performance criterion for repairable systems that accounts for both the reliability and maintainability properties of a component or system. It is defined as the probability that the system is operating properly when it is requested for use
A new design for fault tolerant and fault recoverable ALU System has been proposed in this paper. Reliability is one of the most critical factors that have to be considered during the designing phase of any IC. In critical applications like Medical equipment & Military applications this reliability factor plays a
very critical role in determining the acceptance of product. Insertion of special modules in the main design for reliability enhancement will give considerable amount of area & power penalty. So, a novel approach to this problem is to find ways for reusing the already available components in digital system in efficient way to implement recoverable methodologies. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) has traditionally used
for protecting digital logic from the SEUs (single event upset) by triplicating the critical components of the system to give fault tolerance to system. ScTMR- Scan chain-based error recovery TMR technique provides recovery for all internal faults. ScTMR uses a roll-forward approach and employs the scan chain implemented in the circuits for testability purposes to recover the system to fault-free state. The proposed
design will incorporate a ScTMR controller over TMR system of ALU and will make the system fault tolerant and fault recoverable. Hence, proposed design will be more efficient & reliable to use in critical applications, than any other design present till today.
Taruna is presenting a research proposal on mathematical assessment and reliability optimization of redundant complex systems. The presentation discusses reliability concepts, system configurations like series and parallel, redundancy, stochastic and deterministic models, and concludes with a literature review on previous reliability analysis research. The goal is to decrease failure rates of modern technological systems through proper understanding of components and factors affecting reliability.
Reliability Assessment of Induction Motor Drive using Failure Mode Effects An...IOSR Journals
This document discusses reliability assessment of induction motor drives using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). It first provides background on reliability in electric motor drives and introduces FMEA as a technique. It then outlines the proposed methodology, which involves defining system components, analyzing potential fault modes, and evaluating system performance against bounds after faults are injected. An experiment is described to validate the methodology. The results show the model behaves as expected. The methodology allows reliability modeling of induction motor drives and can be extended to other drive systems and components.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines pricing strategy in a two-stage supply chain consisting of a supplier and retailer. The supplier offers a credit period to the retailer, who then offers credit to customers. A mathematical model is formulated to maximize total profit for the integrated supply chain system. The model considers three cases based on the relative lengths of the credit periods offered at each stage. Equations are developed to represent the profit functions for the supplier, retailer and overall system in each case. The goal is to determine the optimal selling price that maximizes total integrated profit.
The document discusses melanoma skin cancer detection using a computer-aided diagnosis system based on dermoscopic images. It begins with an introduction to skin cancer and melanoma. It then reviews existing literature on automated melanoma detection systems that use techniques like image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Features extracted in other studies include asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter and texture-based features. The proposed system collects dermoscopic images and performs preprocessing, segmentation, extracts 9 features based on the ABCD rule, and classifies images using a neural network classifier to detect melanoma. It aims to develop an automated diagnosis system to eliminate invasive biopsy procedures.
This document summarizes various techniques for image segmentation that have been studied and proposed in previous research. It discusses edge-based, threshold-based, region-based, clustering-based, and other common segmentation methods. It also reviews applications of segmentation in medical imaging, plant disease detection, and other fields. While no single technique can segment all images perfectly, hybrid and adaptive methods combining multiple approaches may provide better results. Overall, image segmentation remains an important but challenging task in digital image processing and computer vision.
This document presents a test for detecting a single upper outlier in a sample from a Johnson SB distribution when the parameters of the distribution are unknown. The test statistic proposed is based on maximum likelihood estimates of the four parameters (location, scale, and two shape) of the Johnson SB distribution. Critical values of the test statistic are obtained through simulation for different sample sizes. The performance of the test is investigated through simulation, showing it performs well at detecting outliers when the contaminant observation represents a large shift from the original distribution parameters. An example application to census data is also provided.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a portable device called the "Disha Device" to improve women's safety. The device has features like live location tracking, audio/video recording, automatic messaging to emergency contacts, a buzzer, flashlight, and pepper spray. It is designed using an Arduino microcontroller connected to GPS and GSM modules. When the button is pressed, it sends an alert message with the woman's location, sets off an alarm, activates the flashlight and pepper spray for self-defense. The goal is to provide women a compact, one-click safety system to help them escape dangerous situations or call for help with just a single press of a button.
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This document presents a new algorithm for extracting and summarizing news from online newspapers. The algorithm first extracts news related to the topic using keyword matching. It then distinguishes different types of news about the same topic. A term frequency-based summarization method is used to generate summaries. Sentences are scored based on term frequency and the highest scoring sentences are selected for the summary. The algorithm was evaluated on news datasets from various newspapers and showed good performance in intrinsic evaluation metrics like precision, recall and F-score. Thus, the proposed method can effectively extract and summarize online news for a given keyword or topic.
1. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.3, No.6, June 2015
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
99
Cost Analysis of a Two-Unit Standby Industrial System with
Varying Demand
Rachna Khurana1
, A.K.lal2
, S.S. Bhatia3
, R.K.Tuteja4
School of Mathematics and Computer Applications, Deptt. Of Mathematics, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab –
1470041,2,3
, Mahrishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India4
.
Email: rkhuranaa@yahoo.com1
, aklal@thapar.edu2
, ssbhatia@thapar.edu3
, rk_tuteja2006@yahoo.co.in4
Abstract: In this paper we develop a stochastic model for two-unit standby system by making one or both the units operative
depending upon the load/demand. The system under consideration is assumed to have two shifts of working and whole system
undergoes for scheduled preventive/corrective maintenance before starting the second shift. Mathematical formulation of the
problem determining the transition probabilities of various states are developed considering two types of failure for each unit
(Type -I which has no standby and the Type - II which has standby). Various reliability metrics such as MTSF, availability, busy
period and profit have been discussed for measuring the system effectiveness by using semi-Markov process and regenerative
point technique. The proposed model is finally applied to rice manufacturing plant as a case study.
Index Terms: Availability, Busy Period, MTSF, Regenerative point technique, Semi-Markov Process
1. INTRODUCTION
The reliability of the system is an important
parameter which measures the quality of its consistence
performance over its expected life span. With the
development of modern technology and the world economy,
the reliability problem of a system attracts imperative
attentions. As the systems are becoming more complex and
the corrosion over a period of time is a natural phenomenon,
the maintenance of system in terms of periodic inspection,
repairs and replacements play an important role in keeping
their performance satisfactory. The effectiveness of the
system depends on its reliability indices, such as mean time
to system failure (MTSF), availability and busy period of
repairman. The research as a result lacks a balance between
modeling and its practical applications to industries. Since
the reliability is the mathematical representation of failure
mechanism for the systems in terms of differential equations,
therefore the model embedded with real failures of the
industry is quite helpful from application point of view.
Several research works on various types of systems
such as standby, redundant etc. have been carried out in
literature but the standby systems have attracted the
imperative attention of many scholars and reliability
engineers for their applicability in their respective fields. In
the era of
emerging new technologies, competition and complexity, the
concept of reliability and availability significantly affect the
output that a manufacturer gets from his industry. One can
easily achieve maximum reliability of the system by using
standby component. For this purpose, one should have the
knowledge which component of the system is more sensitive,
depending on that one can mend the system or that particular
component. Modelling and analysis of these interesting areas
need to be explored further in terms of real industrial
applications.
Standby systems have been widely studied in
literature of reliability due to their frequent use in modern
business and industries. Several authors such as Osaki and
Nakagawa, Kumar and Agarwal, Sridharan and
Mohanavadivu [4,6,10] studied the stochastic behaviour of a
two-unit cold standby redundant system. Goel et al.[2] and
Khaled et al.[3] also studied two unit standby systems. Goel
et al.[1] discussed the reliability analysis of a system with
preventive maintenance and two types of repair. Rander et
al.[8] studied a system with two types of repairmen with
imperfect assistant repairman and perfect master repairman.
Taneja et al.[11] collected the real data on failure and repair
rates of 232 programmable logic controllers (PLC) and
discussed reliability and profit analysis of a system which
consists of one main unit (used for manufacturing) and two
PLCs (used for controlling). Initially, one of the PLCs is
operative and the other is hot standby. Tuteja et al.[12]
discussed the cost benefit analysis of two server two unit
warm standby system with different types of failure. The cost
analysis of a two-unit cold standby system subject to
degradation, inspection and priority has been analyzed by
Kumar et al [5]. Shakuntla et al.[9] discussed the availability
of a rice industry. Wang Z et al.[13] analyzed the reliability
of systems with common cause failure under random load.
Recently, Wu and Wu [7] studied reliability analysis of two-
unit cold standby repairable systems under poisson shocks.
In the research mentioned above on standby systems, it
was found that their analysis for system reliability are based
on the various hypothetical failure and repair situations and
assumed numerical values. However, no satisfactory work
has been carried out for varying demand of system in the
field of reliability. There may be different situations
depending upon demand/load. Incorporating this situation,
we present a new contribution and motivation in the present
paper to the reliability literature in terms of real case study of
an industry in which a two-unit stand by system with varying
demand has been analyzed. We have proposed a model which
analyzes mean time to system failure (MTSF), availability of
the system and cost benefit. This type of model can be
applied to any industries where standby systems are used.
2. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.3, No.6, June 2015
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
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The proposed is finally applied to a rice manufacturing plant
which converts paddy into rice.
This paper has been organised as follows: In Section
2 a brief description of a rice manufacturing system is
presented. The various notations and assumptions of two-unit
standby system are also discussed in this section. The
mathematical formulation for stochastic model determining,
transition probabilities and mean sojourn times, are
developed in Section 3. This section also deals with the
formulation of Mean Time to System Failure, busy period
analysis. In Section 4, we discuss methodologies to compute
various reliability metrics. Certain conclusions based on the
present study are finally drawn in Section 5.
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS AND NOTATIONS
In this system, it is assumed that one or both the
units are made operative depending on the demand. Each unit
has two types of failure-one due to failure of the component
having no standby which is referred as Type –I failure and
the second due to failure of any other component having its
standby referred as Type – II failure. The processing done on
each of the components of the unit before the component
with no standby is transferable to the corresponding
component of the other unit. But the processing in pending
due to failure is completed only on the concerned unit after
that component is repaired. Various measures for the
effectiveness of the system such as mean time to system
failure (MTSF) and availability are obtained assuming
exponential distribution for failure time and taking arbitrary
distribution for repair times. The model thus developed will
be applied to a rice manufacturing plant as a good example of
the present system model.
This plant has two units which are made operative
depending upon demand. Both the systems are of eight ton
capacity. The system under investigation considers the
situation where the system has two shifts of working and
before starting the second shift the whole system undergoes
for scheduled preventive/corrective maintenance. Either one
or both the units of this system is made operative depending
on the demand. As mentioned above each unit maintains two
types of failures, Type-I failure is due to the component color
sorter and Type-II failure is due to failure of any of the
following components of unit i.e. paddy separator, husker,
destoner, polisher. The processing done on each of the
components of the unit before the component colour sorter is
transferable to the corresponding component of the other unit
but the processing pending due to failure of colour sorter is
completed only on the concerned unit after it is repaired. The
system is observed at suitable regenerative epochs by using
regenerative point technique. As shown in Fig.1 the states
occurring in this bracket
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ){ }0 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 4 0 5 01 2
, , , , , , , , , , ,s r r r r o pS B B S B B S B B S BF B S BF B S B B
are regenerative states. However, the states which are failed
and non-regenerative are presented in this bracket
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ){ }6 7 8 91 1 1 1 2 2 2 1
, , , , , , ,R WR R W r R W r R W rS BF BF S BF BF S BF BF S BF BF
.
Following notations are used through the paper:
s : Standby unit
O : Operative unit
1rF : Unit is under repair which fails due to Type – I
failure
1w rF : Unit is under waiting for repair which fails due to
Type -I failure
1RF : Repair is continuing from previous state of Type -I
failure
2rF : Unit is under repair which fails due to Type - II
failure
2w rF : Unit is under waiting for repair which fails due to
Type -I failure
2RF : Repair is continuing from previous state of Type -
II failure
1λ : Type - I failure rate
2λ : Type -II failure rate
1γ : Rate at which system is made operative from rest
2γ : Rate at which system is made at rest from operative
state
( )i t : p.d.f of time to complete pending process of
material at colour sorter.
p : Probability that after repair unit needs not to be
made operative depending upon demand
q : Probability that after repair unit is made operative
depending upon demand
( )i jq t : Probability density function (p.d.f.) of first
passage time from a regenerative state i to a
regenerative state j or to a failed state j without
visiting any other regenerative state in (0, t].
( )i jQ t : cumulative distribution function (c.d.f) of first
passage time from a regenerative state i to a
regenerative state j or to a failed state j without
visiting any other regenerative state in (0, t].
( )1G t : c.d.f.. of the repair time of unit for Type – I
failure
( )1g t : p.d.f. of the repair time of unit for Type - I
failure
( )1H t : c.d.f. of time to make operative state
stand by (as per demand)
( )1h t : p.d.f of time to make operative state
stand by (as per demand)
( )2H t : c.d.f. of time to make stand by state
operative (as per demand)
( )2h t : p.d.f of time to make stand by state
operative (as per demand)
i jp : Transition probability from state ‘i’ to state ‘j’
6. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.3, No.6, June 2015
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(8) (6) (6) (8)
1 0 01 1 44 14 41 33 33 44
(6) (8)
33 14 41 13 35 13 35 44 13 35 14 41
(7) (6)
4 41 1 03 34 03 14 35 04 04 33
(8) (9)
13 35 04 3 03 44 03 03 14 41 04 43
04 13 41
( )(1
)
( )(
) (
N M p M p p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p p p
M p M p p p p p p p p
p p p M p p p p p p p p
p p p
= + − − − +
+ + + +
+ + + + −
− + − + − +
+ (8)
03 35 03 35 44 03 35 14 41
(9)
04 35 43 13 35 04 41 03 01 13
(9) (7)
12 35 40 12 35 41 12 35 43 12 34 41
(9)
04 01 14 12 35 43 12 30 41 12 35 41
(7)
12 34 41 5 02 01 10
)
( )
( )
( )(
)} {(1 (
p p p p p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p p p
p p p p p pµ
+ − +
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + − − + 12
(9)
14 35 13 41 14 35 43 13 35 40 13 35 41
(9)
13 35 43 03 01 13 10 12 35 40
(9)
10 12 35 41 10 12 35 43 14 35 40
(9) (9)
04 01 14 10 35 43 12 35 43 13 35 40
))
(
) ( )(( )
( ) ( ) )
( )( )}
p
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p p
p p p p p p p p p p p p
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
Finally, again taking Laplace transforms of equations (6) and
solving them for
*
0 ( )B s we get
* 3
0
1
( )
( )
( )
N s
B s
D s
=
Eq. (9)
In steady-state, the total fraction of time for which the system is
under the service of assistant repairman is given by
( ) 3
0 1
limo o
s
N
B B s
D
∗
→
= =
Where
48 49 4 41 14 48 49 4
3 03 04
13 35 48 48 4
03 04 13 14 04 41 03 35 36 37 3
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
p p W p p p p W
N p p
p p p p W
p p p p p p p p p p W
+ + − + +
= + − + +
+ + + + + + + +
and D1 is already specified.
One of the objectives of reliability analysis is to
optimize the profit incurred to the system. To achieve this,
profit model is defined by subtracting all expected maintenance
liabilities from the total revenue. Using equations (8) and (9),
we get
0 0 1 0P C A C B= −
where
0 1Total evenue per unit time and cost of busyperiodof repairman.C r C= =
4. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this study data for all types of failures and repairs of
the concerned industry was collected in the units of per hour.
On the basis of these data, we have computed the following
rates: 1 2g (t) = 0.01 , g (t) = 0.0123, 1γ = 0.01736
2and γ = 0.0987. Assuming 1h (t)=0.01, 2h (t)=0.01
and p= 0.8 , we have computed the following results of
important reliability indices using the software ‘MATLAB’. By
varying 2λ for different values of 1λ , the values of MTSF and
availability are computed and their behaviors are exhibited in
graphs (figure 2 and figure 3). Similarly, the profit is also
computed by varying 0C for different choices of 1C and results
are presented in figure 4.
Fig. 2 shows the behavior of MTSF with respect to
Type-II failure rate( )2λ for different values of Type-I failure
rate( )1λ . The graph shows that MTSF decreases with increase
in the Type - II failure rate ( )2λ keeping Type - I failure rate
constant and has higher values for lower values of Type - I
failure rate( )1λ . Fig.3 shows the behavior of availability with
respect to Type II failure rate ( )2λ for different values of Type
- I failure rate( )1λ . This graph indicates that availability of the
system decreases with increase in the Type - II failure rate
( )2λ keeping Type - I failure rate constant and has higher
values for lower values of Type - I failure rate( )1λ . So, the
management of the manufacturing plant should pay more
attention on the working of colour sorter part for increasing the
MTSF as well as availability. The behavior of profit with
respect to revenue( )0C for different values of cost of
repairman( )1C is shown in Fig. 4. It is observed from this graph
that profit decreases with the increase in revenue per unit time
0C and has higher values for lower values of cost of
repairman 1C .
On comparing the graphs, it reveals that (i) for 1C =
850, the profit is negative or zero or positive according as 0C ≤
or ≥ 1491.50. Hence, revenue per unit time should be fixed
greater than 1491.5 and (ii) for 1C = 900, the profit is positive
or zero or negative according as 0C ≤ or ≥ 1564. Hence,
revenue per unit time should be fixed greater than 1564 (iii) For
C1 = 950, the profit is positive or zero or negative according as
0C ≤ or ≥ 1658.5. Hence, revenue per unit time should be
fixed greater than 1658.5
The present analysis provides important information
about the sensitivity of the particular components of the standby
systems which need more care to achieve the maximum profit.
This model can be applied to any industry having two unit
standby systems. The same approach can be extended to study
those industrial systems which have more than two unit stand by
systems.
7. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.3, No.6, June 2015
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
105
0.010 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.022 0.024 0.026 0.028
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
MTSF
λ1=0.001
λ1=0.002
λ1=0.003
λ2
Fig. 2: Effect of Type-II failure rate on Mean time to system
failure for different values of Type-I failure rate.
0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.020 0.022 0.024 0.026
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
Availability
λ1=0.001
λ1=0.002
λ1=0.003
λ2
Fig. 3 : Effect of Type-II failure rate on availability for
different values of Type-I failure rate
1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
-120
-90
-60
-30
0
30
60
90
120
* *
Profit
C0
C1=850
C1=900
C1=950
*
Fig. 4 : Effect of cost of revenue per unit time on Profit achieved
by the system for different values of cost of busy period
of repairman.
REFERENCES
[1] Goel L.R., Gupta R. and Sharma G.C. Reliability analysis of
a system with preventive maintenance and two types of
repair. Microelectron Reliability 1986; 26 : 429–433.
[2] Goel V and Murray K. Profit consideration of a 2-unit
tandby system with a regular repairman and 2-fold patience
time. IEEE Transactions Reliability 1981; 34: 544.
[3] Khaled M.E.S and Mohammed S.E.S. Profit evaluation of
two unit cold standby system with preventive and random
changes in units. Journal of Mathematics and Statistics
2005; 1: 71-77.
[4] Kumar A and Aggarwal M. A review of standby redundant
systems, IEEE Transactions Reliability 1980; R-29(4): 290-
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