This document provides an overview of how to write a scientific paper and the various formats of scientific articles. It discusses selecting a target journal and publication type, being familiar with editorial rules and styles, and the different types of contributions within a journal. The document also covers technical writing aspects like structure, references, tables/figures, and cover letters. Additionally, it outlines important ethical considerations around authorship, peer review, conflicts of interest, and privacy. The goal is to educate authors on best practices for writing and publishing scientific articles.
Sciences Librarian Training, Biochemistry 1B, 2010 : How to find information ...Pavlinka Kovatcheva
Training to 1st year Biochemistry training on how to find 2 specific Open Access journals for their research project. I highlighted the different options to find journal articles
Sciences Librarian Training, Biochemistry 1B, 2010 : How to find information ...Pavlinka Kovatcheva
Training to 1st year Biochemistry training on how to find 2 specific Open Access journals for their research project. I highlighted the different options to find journal articles
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
These slides were prepared for a workshop with fourth-year (Honours) students in the Bachelor of Speech-Language Therapy at Massey University, New Zealand.
TFE - L'intérêt de la curation via podcast dans le cadre de la veille Gwenaël
Travail de fin d'étude " L'intérêt de la curation via podcast dans le cadre de la veille "
Ce travail de fin d'étude à été réalisé à la fin de mon cursus en Ecriture Multimédia à la HEPH Condorcet
5 hours course taught by Nicolás Robinson-García and Evaristo Jiménez-Contreras in June 23-July 3, 2014 in the University of Granada within the exchange program with Al-Faraby Kazakh National University students 'Current problems of modern philology'.
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
These slides were prepared for a workshop with fourth-year (Honours) students in the Bachelor of Speech-Language Therapy at Massey University, New Zealand.
TFE - L'intérêt de la curation via podcast dans le cadre de la veille Gwenaël
Travail de fin d'étude " L'intérêt de la curation via podcast dans le cadre de la veille "
Ce travail de fin d'étude à été réalisé à la fin de mon cursus en Ecriture Multimédia à la HEPH Condorcet
5 hours course taught by Nicolás Robinson-García and Evaristo Jiménez-Contreras in June 23-July 3, 2014 in the University of Granada within the exchange program with Al-Faraby Kazakh National University students 'Current problems of modern philology'.
These are the slides on the Introduction to quantitative research course presented to the MBE (Master of Bioethics) students at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. It is focused on bioethics and in particular writing research rather than doing research. Please note that the sources of the slides are added as a link at the bottom of the slide itself.
A 2-day workshop on how to publish your research. It includes a full and detailed explanation of the publication process and many technical details needed by the health researcher to publish his/her research.
It was delivered to the staff of the Northern Area Armed Forces Hospital in Hafr Albaten City, Saudi Arabia (13-14 Nov. 2019)
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION
Nature and importance of research - aims, objective, principles and problems - selection of research problem - survey of scientific literature - primary and secondary sources - citation index for scientific papers and journals - patents.
Iatefl 2019 How to be successful in discovering and publishing researchCaroline Moore
About me as a researcher/ research publisher
Types of Scholarly publishing
How researchers find content
Finding ELT-related content
New trends and research tools
Publishing your own research
Scientific research and publication walk throughRoshni Mehta
Humble effort made in the form of this presentation will assist in the accomplishment of exploratory as well as result-oriented research studies. I shall feel amply rewarded if this slides proves helpful in the development of genuine research studies.
As a scientist, we must write, and, as an experimentalist, writing while you work strengthens your research. Writing a paper can be an integral part of observational science. Our manuscript can even be a blueprint for our experiments.
De castro _ Editorial guidelines for sex and gender equity in research (SAGER...Paola De Castro
How improved reporting of sex/gender can influence research outcomes and contribute to more equitable approach to research across disciplines. Presented at the 14th International COMET Conference
(Communication, Medicine, Ethics). University of Aalberg (Denmark). July 4-6, 2016
The role of editors in the development of the CoBRA guideline and the power of the multidisciplinary approach.
Paola De Castro, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (Italy), European Association of Science Editors
The presentation will show how the importance of collaboration between scientists and editors is crucial to maximize the benefits of research. The role of editors as gatekeepers of science will be pointed out as well as the importance to communicate and disseminate science to different stakeholders - outside the specialty sector where it originates from - following a multidisciplinary approach. For example, policy makers, research funders, general public, patients, they all, for different reasons, need to be informed about progress of research in a way that they can really understand it and become aware of benefits they get from that. Within this framework, the different steps which lead to the development of the CoBRA guideline to standardize Citations of Bioresources in Research Articles will be outlined with special reference to the support provided by the European Association of Science Editors (EASE), an international community of individuals and associations from diverse backgrounds, linguistic traditions and professional experience in science communication and editing engaged to provide Excellence and Accountability in Science Editing.
De castro disseminazione di conoscenze scientifiche e salute pubblicaPaola De Castro
Strategic role of communication for health professionals.
Communication presented in Rome. June 18, 2015
Convegno: Documentazione scientifica per i professionisti della salute. Condividere e certificare le conoscenze per l'appropriatezza degli interventi
Training and communication toolkit for health workers and patients' associations. A support tool for the training course in communication of the CASA project. It includes basic knowledge on communication, and the role of communication to contribute to sharing, networking, training, planning, and evaluation activities
De castro gl_moving towards oa to research dataPaola De Castro
New perspectives for grey literature in health sciences, facing the challenges of open data sharing and open science movement. Presentatoin at the 16 Internatonal Conference on Grey Literature. Library of Congerss, Washington DC, 8-9 December 2014
Comunicación cientifica para la salud publica y el valor del Acceso abierto. Cooperación Italia Bolivia en salud ocupacional y ambiental.. Experiencias nacionales y desafios globales. La Paz (Bolivia) 10-12 noviembre de 2014
Italian experience on research and dissemanation of asbestos related diseases and international cooperation in Latin America. Seminario Asbestos, Arte, ciencia y politicas. Bogotà, 5-7 Marzo de 2014
Brasil pioneer of OA to scientific information: experiences of collaboration within the NECOBELAC project. Workshop on prevention of asbestos related diseases in Brasil. Rome, September 9, 2014
Overview of the grey literature produced by the National Institute of Health in Italy focusing on challenges and opportunities to share open data and creare awareness on the value of GL.
Scientific communication. Easy when you know how.
Mekelle University.
CASA project. Proposal for a training course within the CASA project (Cohort of African people starting antiretroviral therapy)
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Paola De Castro. The formats of scientific papers
1. NECOBELAC Module
The formats
of scientific articles
How to write a scientific paper
Paola De Castro
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
2. FIRST STEPS: basic questions
WHY shall I write an article? (select target)
WHICH information will I share? (select information)
WHERE shall I publish it? (select journal)
WHOM shall I write it with? (select co-authors)
WHAT are my resources? (budget and time)
HOW shall I write an article?
2
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
3. SELECTION
Scientific content, authors, target…
Track the latest results
Publication types
•Journals
(national, international, high IF, online,
high rejection rate…)
•Books or chapters therein
•Technical reports, conference proceedings
•Leaflets
•Posters
•Conference papers/communications, PPTs
•Web “documents” (blogs, wikis, answers, etc.)
3
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
BE FAMILIAR WITH RULES
Basic editorial rules
and best practices
applying to all publications
Specific rules
per publication type or discipline
Editorial style of the journal
4. Contributions within a journal
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Editorials
Comments
Correspondence
Viewpoints
Original, research articles
Review articles
Case histories
Book reviews
REFER TO THE JOURNAL
Instructions to authors
Table of contents
Published articles
4
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
5. NECOBELAC
Topic maps
5
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
6. WRITING A JOURNAL ARTICLE…
TECHNICAL
ISSUES
Title
Abstract
Key words
Structure
Illustrations
References
ETHICAL
ISSUES
ROLE
S
6
Authorship
Conflicts of interest
Copyright
Privacy
Be aware of the responsibilities
of editors, authors, referees,
editorial staff
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
7. Instructions to authors
for over 6,000 journals in
the health and life sciences
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
First and last step for article writing.
Submit to the right journal!
7
8. Authors’ guides
within the journal
What can I deposit in a repository?
8
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
9. BASIC SOURCES
NECOBELAC pre-course reading
“Vancouver style”
EASE guidelines for Authors
Last up-dating April 2010
9
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
in 19
languages
WHY?
Concise
Comple
te
Easy
10. “ICMJE and Vancouver style”
In Vancouver
a SMALL GRUOP OF EDITORS (NEJM, BMJ, Ann Int Med, Lancet, etc.)
met in 1978
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF MEDICAL JOURNAL EDITORS (ICMJE)
Uniform Requirements
for Manuscripts submitted to Medical Journals:
Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication
“Vancouver style”
10
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
11. What is
the “Vancouver style”?
INITIALLY…
Guidelines on standard formats of manuscripts
and, in particular, bibliographic references
TODAY
“de facto” standard shared by the most prestigious medical journals (700)…
It includes both manuscript preparation, and ethical issues
11
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
12. Instructions for authors refer to
the Uniform requirements (ICMJE)
or “Vancouver style”
12
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
13. Contents of “Vancouver style”
I.
Statement of Purpose
II.
Ethical Considerations
in the Conduct and Reporting of Research
III.
Publishing and Editorial Issues
related to Publication in Biomedical Journals
IV.
13
Manuscript preparation and submission
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
14. II. Ethical considerations
A. Authorship
B. Editorship
C. Peer-review
D. Conflict of interest
E. Privacy
F. Protection of Human Subjects and Animals in Research
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
14
15. II. Ethical considerations
A. Authorship
Who can be defined as author in the by-line?
Authorship credit should be based on
1) Substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis
and interpretation of data
2) Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content
3) Final approval of the version to be published.
Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3.
Funding , data collection or supervision does not allow authorship
15
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
16. II. Ethical considerations A. Authorship
WHICH ORDER for authors?
There must be agreement among authors
•
•
•
•
Alphabetic order
First, the project leader or person in charge of the Dpt
Last , the person in charge
Other order
Guest, ghost, gift authors
16
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
18. II. Considerazioni etiche. A. Authorship
Examples of “Group Authorship”
Name, surname,
on behalf of the HPV
Pathogen-ISS Study
Group*
Indicate
ALL names of the group members
in the Footnote or Appendix
18
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
On behalf
of the...
Study group
XXXX
Study group
19. II. Ethical considerations. A. Authorship
Domino effect
in error duplication
If group author is not clearly defined
• wrong publication
• wrong indexing
• wrong citation
CREATE AWARENESS AMONG
• authors
• editors
• indexers
19
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
20. II. Ethical considerations. A. Authorship
Searching Group authors in PubMed
Insert CN (collective name)
In your query for group author
20
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
21. II. Ethical considerations
B. Editorship
Editor (editor in chief)
Person responsible for its entire content
Editorial Freedom– The editor in chief has full authority of the editorial content
Editorial Board – Advisory Board
Collaborate with editors to establish and maintain
the journal editorial policy
Referees
21
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
22. II. Ethical considerations
C. Peer Review
DEFINITION
Unbiased and independent assessment of manuscripts submitted to journals
by experts (peers) who are not part of the editorial staff
“Extention” of the scientific proces
It applies to both traditional and OA journals
TYPES
Blinded
double blinded
open
VARIABLES
No. of referees
Times
Procedures (online)
Peer review is widely debated topic, BUT there is no doubt that it helps
editors deciding which manuscripts are suitable for the journals
-improving the quality of reporting
22
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
23. Pre-publication history
of an article in BMC Public Health
Submission
Review report
Re-submissions
Note on PRIVACY
Reviewers’ comments
should not be published
without
authors’, reviewers’ and
editor’s consent
23
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
24. REVISION: different levels of responsibility
1. AUTHORS’ REVISION
before submission
read instructions to authors
read again after some time (one-two days)
use check lists
2. INITIAL EDITORIAL REVIEW
after submission (before peer review)
A paper may be rejected if
it is not compliant with journal scope and formats
it has poor English
3. PEER REVIEW
after submission
Minor revisions
Major revisions
Authors! Take it seriously!
Be prepared to answer
all points raised by reviewers
4. TECHNICAL EDITING
after acceptance
Journal editorial staff
Revision improves quality and guarantees a learning opportunity
24
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
25. II. Ethical considerations
D. Conflicts of interest
Conflicts of interests exist when
•
an author
•
his/her institution
•
an editor
•
a reviewer
•
members of the editorial staff
have financial or personal relations
that inappropriately influence
their actions and decisions (bias)
These can have a negative influence on scientific judgement
25
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
EXAMPLE of
“Disclosure of Conflicts”
26. Ethical considerations
E. Privacy and confidentiality
It not only applies to
PATIENTS and study participants
Written informed consent
but also to
AUTHORS, EDITORS and REVIEWERS
This picture
would not be suitable
for publication
26
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
27. III. Publishing and Editorial issues
Obligation to publish negative studies
provided that they are statistically significant
Corrections, Retractions and Expressions of Concern
Editors-authors and scientific fraud (COPE)
The number of Retractions
is dramatically increasing
(PubMed)
27
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
28. III. Editorial issues
COPYRIGHT
•
•
•
Most scientific journals still ask for copyright transfer
OA journals follow a different policy
Authors should be able to negotiate their rights
Creative Commons Licenses
Copyright agreements strongly affects deposit in OA repositories
28
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
29. USEFUL TOOLS to manage copyright
SHERPA/ROMEO
publishers’ copyright policies & selfarchiving
29
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
SPARC Author Addendum
to secure your rights
30. IV. Manuscript preparation
STRUCTURE of a scientific article
title
abstract
introduction
materials and methods
results
discussion
conclusions
plus
30
ATTENTION!
Do not exceed the required
number of words
acknowledgements, if any
references
appendices, if any
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
31. THE IMRAD STRUCTURE
Introduction
Background information
State specific purpose of the study
Limit references
Do not include data or conclusions
Material and methods
Describe (patients, animals, etc.)
Define material and equipment
Illustrate procedures
Compare with other methods
31
Results
Show results in logical order
Point out only relevant data
And
Discussion and conclusions
Stress only new aspects
Do not repeat what was written in the methods
Avoid conclusions which are
not associated to reliable data
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
32. IV. Manuscript preparation
Guidelines for the transparent
reporting of health research
It includes the major reporting
guidelines for scientific research
and guides for authors
32
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
33. IV. MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
Abstract and key words
ALWAYS FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
ABSTRACT
Be carefully that it reflects the content of the article
Report background, basic procedures , main findings in logical way
TYPES: Descriptive, informative, structured, graphical
KEY WORDS
Use MESH terms (MEdical Subject Headings)
33
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
34. MESH terms from the NLM
MESH terms
MEdical Subject Headings
(NLM)
34
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
35. IV. Manuscript preparation
Bibliographic references
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Include only essential references,
“in press “papers may be accepted, but avoid “personal communications
REFERENCE STYLE AND FORMAT
Authors should consult NLM Citing in medicine
References should be numbered consecutively in the text
Only some Journals check accuracy of the references
Authors are responsible for their correctness
35
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
36. NLM – Citing in Medicine
EXAMPLES for
•Articles in journals
•Books
•Other published material
•Unpublished material
•Electronic material
36
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
37. Basic elements of citation
•
•
Title of the cited document
•
Container (journal, book, etc.)
•
•
37
Author (personal or group)
Year of publication
Other data
publisher, city for books
vol. and pages for journals
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
38. Tables and figures
WHEN AND HOW TO USE THEM?
Tables details
Graphs trends
Include only necessary data
A figure is worth 1000 words
FOR ALL IMAGES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
38
Comply with instructions to authors
Verify that they are mentioned in the text
Check consistency of data with text
Include them in separate files
Number them consecutively
Make captions self sufficient
Check copyright
….
Units of measurement (IS)
Abbreviations and Symbols
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
39. Last, but not least…
The cover letter
your chance to speak to the editor
BASIC INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED
Editor name(s)
Originality of submission
No competing financial interests
Desired reviewers
Corresponding author
39
Do not summarize the paper,
but say why it is special
for the journal
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
40. Any Question?
Thank you
Paola De Castro
Paola.decastro@iss.it
P. De Castro • The formats of scientific articles • NECOBELAC T1 Course. Dublin - May, 9, 2012
Editor's Notes
Non è una associazione cui possono aderire liberamente i membri
Caso mai su invito
FINALITÀ E OBIETTIVI
CONSIDERAZIONI ETICHE su come riferire i risultati di una ricerca (authorship, conflitti d’interesse, privacy, protezione di animali, ecc.)
PROBLEMATICHE EDITORIALI (obbligo di pubblicare risultati negativi, correzioni, copyright, editoria elettronica, pubblicità, rapporto con i media, ecc.)
PREPARAZIONE E PRESENTAZIONE DEL MANOSCRITTO (struttura, tabelle, figure, illustrazioni, riferimenti bibliografici, modalità di trasmissione del manoscritto, ecc.)
Nei Ringraziamenti possono essere citati tutti coloro che hanno dato un aiuto puramente tecnico, assistenza editoriale, capo dipartimento che ha dato supporto generale
Gli autori dovrebbero saper spiegare le ragioni della propria scelta (ordine degli autori nella byline)
CN Collective name in Pubmed
Nella byline solo gli autori che soddisfano i criteri
Prolungamento del processo scientifico
Dati personali non rilevanti dovrebbero essere omessi
Il consenso informato va previsto nelle istruzioni agli autori e se viene utilizzato va indicato all’articolo
La Cochrane Library potrebbe essere interessata a pubblicarle dati inconclusive
E importante che gli autori capiscano pienamente in cosa consiste questo trasferimento anche per eventuali riproduzioni di tabelle o figure da essi stessi già pubblicate ma che non possono ripubblicare senza avere il consenso della rivista.
Annali frase
“nel firmare il visto si stampi si intende che gli autori cedono all’ISS I diritti d’autore del lavoro in pubblicazione”
Politiche editoriali di tutte le riviste.
Institutional Repositorial
Citare C7: requirements and preferences for the first pages of journal articles
IMRaD ???????????????????????????????????????
Recentemente aggiornate
Randomized Clinical Trials
Contengono checklist
The Lancet, Annals of Internal Medicine, and the Journal of the American Medical Association aderiscono a questo Consort
Gli abstracts vengono ripresi dalle basi di dati
Per come citare una “retracted publication” si rimanda al Pubmed.
Dà esempi “Retraction in”
Quali sono gli elementi identificativi
Quale ordine? Autore, titolo, ecc
Unpublished material = in press
Electronic material; unpublished material
Elementi essenziali che vanno diversamente organizzati a seconda della tipologia dei documenti
Doppio spazio per le tabelle
Verificare la quALITà delle fotografie, soggetti umani, ecc