Scientific communication. Easy when you know how.
Mekelle University.
CASA project. Proposal for a training course within the CASA project (Cohort of African people starting antiretroviral therapy)
scientific communication has become crucial to make you a successful in scientific community. Become aware of various modes available to communicate the scientific knowledge and add this skill to your career, see the change!!!
ENHANCEMENT AND MIGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE SCIENCEIJCNCJournal
In this paper, we present a basis for treating, evaluating and measuring knowledge as an energy acquired by knowledge centric objects in society. The energy level acquired is indicated as their knowledge potential or KnP. Some objects get more charged in the knowledge domain and exhibit a longer and/or more intense energy trail. The Rate of knowledge acquisition, intellectual caliber and need intensity driving to acquire knowledge all play a role in the knowledge energy (Kenergy) thus acquired. Bounded by established principles of measurement, units, quantification and equations for dealing with knowledge, it becomes amenable
to its own (knowledge) science with laws derived from the many disciplines and their own distinctive principles. We fall back on equations from thermodynamics, electrical engineering, fluid mechanics and transmission theory to quantify the flow-properties of knowledge. Though not completely precise and accurate at this stage of development in the science of knowledge, these disciplines offer a framework for utilizing the wealth of knowledge to stand on the shoulders of many a giant in their respective expertise. In the computational domain, symbols denote both the tangible and intangible objects and linkages handle the connectivity and updating reflecting an active and dynamic profile of knowledge. Hence, objects in the physical world and their actions become symbols and their interactions become processes in the programming domain.
Enhancement and migration_of_knowledge_science aSyedVAhamed
In this paper, we present a basis for treating, evaluating and measuring knowledge as an energy acquired by knowledge centric objects in society. The energy level acquired is indicated as their knowledge potential or KnP. Some objects get more charged in the knowledge domain and exhibit a longer and/or more intense energy trail. The Rate of knowledge acquisition, intellectual caliber and need intensity driving to acquire knowledge all play a role in the knowledge energy (Kenergy) thus acquired. Bounded by established prin-ciples of measurement, units, quantification and equations for dealing with knowledge, it becomes amena-ble to its own (knowledge) science with laws derived from the many disciplines and their own distinctive principles. We fall back on equations from thermodynamics, electrical engineering, fluid mechanics and transmission theory to quantify the flow-properties of knowledge. Though not completely precise and accu-rate at this stage of development in the science of knowledge, these disciplines offer a framework for utiliz-ing the wealth of knowledge to stand on the shoulders of many a giant in their respective expertise. In the computational domain, symbols denote both the tangible and intangible objects and linkages handle the connectivity and updating reflecting an active and dynamic profile of knowledge. Hence, objects in the physical world and their actions become symbols and their interactions become processes in the program-ming domain.
scientific communication has become crucial to make you a successful in scientific community. Become aware of various modes available to communicate the scientific knowledge and add this skill to your career, see the change!!!
ENHANCEMENT AND MIGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE SCIENCEIJCNCJournal
In this paper, we present a basis for treating, evaluating and measuring knowledge as an energy acquired by knowledge centric objects in society. The energy level acquired is indicated as their knowledge potential or KnP. Some objects get more charged in the knowledge domain and exhibit a longer and/or more intense energy trail. The Rate of knowledge acquisition, intellectual caliber and need intensity driving to acquire knowledge all play a role in the knowledge energy (Kenergy) thus acquired. Bounded by established principles of measurement, units, quantification and equations for dealing with knowledge, it becomes amenable
to its own (knowledge) science with laws derived from the many disciplines and their own distinctive principles. We fall back on equations from thermodynamics, electrical engineering, fluid mechanics and transmission theory to quantify the flow-properties of knowledge. Though not completely precise and accurate at this stage of development in the science of knowledge, these disciplines offer a framework for utilizing the wealth of knowledge to stand on the shoulders of many a giant in their respective expertise. In the computational domain, symbols denote both the tangible and intangible objects and linkages handle the connectivity and updating reflecting an active and dynamic profile of knowledge. Hence, objects in the physical world and their actions become symbols and their interactions become processes in the programming domain.
Enhancement and migration_of_knowledge_science aSyedVAhamed
In this paper, we present a basis for treating, evaluating and measuring knowledge as an energy acquired by knowledge centric objects in society. The energy level acquired is indicated as their knowledge potential or KnP. Some objects get more charged in the knowledge domain and exhibit a longer and/or more intense energy trail. The Rate of knowledge acquisition, intellectual caliber and need intensity driving to acquire knowledge all play a role in the knowledge energy (Kenergy) thus acquired. Bounded by established prin-ciples of measurement, units, quantification and equations for dealing with knowledge, it becomes amena-ble to its own (knowledge) science with laws derived from the many disciplines and their own distinctive principles. We fall back on equations from thermodynamics, electrical engineering, fluid mechanics and transmission theory to quantify the flow-properties of knowledge. Though not completely precise and accu-rate at this stage of development in the science of knowledge, these disciplines offer a framework for utiliz-ing the wealth of knowledge to stand on the shoulders of many a giant in their respective expertise. In the computational domain, symbols denote both the tangible and intangible objects and linkages handle the connectivity and updating reflecting an active and dynamic profile of knowledge. Hence, objects in the physical world and their actions become symbols and their interactions become processes in the program-ming domain.
Passion and Love (P/L) with Knowledge and Understanding (K/U): Coherence, Con...SyedVAhamed
Abstract: This paper deals with the development of personality in two parallel tracks as an infant evolves to be a unique individual in society. The primary track is based on the acquired knowledge that is appended to the genetic code or information that the infant inherits from both parents. This track is essential for survival and is the primary instinct to just live on from one moment to the next. It shapes a baby from an infant in the world, a child in a family, a person in a society. If this progression can be conceived as an evolutionary trail for the progress in an orderly fashion to enhance and grow in a knowledge domain, then a secondary, simultaneous and a parallel track also evolves to shape the emotions of the baby, the feeling of the child and the passion of the person. The feeling, emotions, and passions exist during every stage, however unperceived they might be. The baby smiles and cries, and is happy just as much as a child is joyful or sad, or is excited. As much as this parallelism exists, we extend the parallel evolution of the two tracks deep and prolonged into adulthood, maturity, and old age of the human being in the society. Whereas the knowledge trail enhances the child, adult, and mature human to become educated, knowledgeable, wise, and ethical, the passion trail deeply resident in the mind, makes the person (during all stages of life) realistic, honest, loving, and passionate.
Open Science - Paradigm Shift or Revival of Old Ideas?Heidi Laine
Slides for a lecture held as part of a course on Science and Society, organized by the University of Helsinki Doctoral School HYMY during spring semester 2016.
Aligning Open Access with the Social Justice Mission of Public UniversityLeslie Chan
In this talk I provide an extended argument on why we need to shift the narrative about Open Access from one emphasizing the university's research prowess to Open Access as university's commitment to its public mission.
Presentació a càrrec de Lluís Anglada, director de Ciència Oberta al CSUC, duta a terme a la Training Session on Open Science and Open Access al Centre de Recerca Matemàtica de la UAB l'11 de novembre de 2018
1 Do You Speak Open Science Resources and Tips to LearVannaJoy20
1
Do You Speak Open Science? Resources and Tips to Learn the Language.
Paola Masuzzo1, 2 - ORCID: 0000-0003-3699-1195, Lennart Martens1,2 - ORCID: 0000-
0003-4277-658X
Author Affiliation
1 Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
2 Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Abstract
The internet era, large-scale computing and storage resources, mobile devices, social media,
and their high uptake among different groups of people, have all deeply changed the way knowledge
is created, communicated, and further deployed. These advances have enabled a radical
transformation of the practice of science, which is now more open, more global and collaborative,
and closer to society than ever. Open science has therefore become an increasingly important topic.
Moreover, as open science is actively pursued by several high-profile funders and institutions, it
has fast become a crucial matter to all researchers. However, because this widespread interest in
open science has emerged relatively recently, its definition and implementation are constantly
shifting and evolving, sometimes leaving researchers in doubt about how to adopt open science,
and which are the best practices to follow.
This article therefore aims to be a field guide for scientists who want to perform science in the
open, offering resources and tips to make open science happen in the four key areas of data, code,
publications and peer-review.
The Rationale for Open Science: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants
One of the most widely used definitions of open science originates from Michael Nielsen [1]:
“Open science is the idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as
is practical in the discovery process”. With this in mind, the overall goal of open science is to
accelerate scientific progress and discoveries and to turn these discoveries into benefits for all. An
essential part of this process is therefore to guarantee that all sorts of scientific outputs are publicly
available, easily accessible, and discoverable for others to use, re-use, and build upon.
As Mick Watson has recently wondered, “[...] isn’t that just science?” [2]. One of the basic
premises of science is that it should be based on a global, collaborative effort, building on open
communication of published methods, data, and results. In fact, the concept of discovering truth by
building on previous findings can be traced back to at least the 12th century in the metaphor of
dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants: “Nanos gigantum humeris insidentes”1.
While creativity and intuition are contributed to science by individuals, validation and
confirmation of scientific findings can only be reached through collaborative efforts, notably peer-
driven quality control and cross-validation. Through open inspection and critical, collective
analysis, models can be refined, improved, or rejected ...
Passion and Love (P/L) with Knowledge and Understanding (K/U): Coherence, Con...SyedVAhamed
Abstract: This paper deals with the development of personality in two parallel tracks as an infant evolves to be a unique individual in society. The primary track is based on the acquired knowledge that is appended to the genetic code or information that the infant inherits from both parents. This track is essential for survival and is the primary instinct to just live on from one moment to the next. It shapes a baby from an infant in the world, a child in a family, a person in a society. If this progression can be conceived as an evolutionary trail for the progress in an orderly fashion to enhance and grow in a knowledge domain, then a secondary, simultaneous and a parallel track also evolves to shape the emotions of the baby, the feeling of the child and the passion of the person. The feeling, emotions, and passions exist during every stage, however unperceived they might be. The baby smiles and cries, and is happy just as much as a child is joyful or sad, or is excited. As much as this parallelism exists, we extend the parallel evolution of the two tracks deep and prolonged into adulthood, maturity, and old age of the human being in the society. Whereas the knowledge trail enhances the child, adult, and mature human to become educated, knowledgeable, wise, and ethical, the passion trail deeply resident in the mind, makes the person (during all stages of life) realistic, honest, loving, and passionate.
Open Science - Paradigm Shift or Revival of Old Ideas?Heidi Laine
Slides for a lecture held as part of a course on Science and Society, organized by the University of Helsinki Doctoral School HYMY during spring semester 2016.
Aligning Open Access with the Social Justice Mission of Public UniversityLeslie Chan
In this talk I provide an extended argument on why we need to shift the narrative about Open Access from one emphasizing the university's research prowess to Open Access as university's commitment to its public mission.
Presentació a càrrec de Lluís Anglada, director de Ciència Oberta al CSUC, duta a terme a la Training Session on Open Science and Open Access al Centre de Recerca Matemàtica de la UAB l'11 de novembre de 2018
1 Do You Speak Open Science Resources and Tips to LearVannaJoy20
1
Do You Speak Open Science? Resources and Tips to Learn the Language.
Paola Masuzzo1, 2 - ORCID: 0000-0003-3699-1195, Lennart Martens1,2 - ORCID: 0000-
0003-4277-658X
Author Affiliation
1 Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
2 Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Abstract
The internet era, large-scale computing and storage resources, mobile devices, social media,
and their high uptake among different groups of people, have all deeply changed the way knowledge
is created, communicated, and further deployed. These advances have enabled a radical
transformation of the practice of science, which is now more open, more global and collaborative,
and closer to society than ever. Open science has therefore become an increasingly important topic.
Moreover, as open science is actively pursued by several high-profile funders and institutions, it
has fast become a crucial matter to all researchers. However, because this widespread interest in
open science has emerged relatively recently, its definition and implementation are constantly
shifting and evolving, sometimes leaving researchers in doubt about how to adopt open science,
and which are the best practices to follow.
This article therefore aims to be a field guide for scientists who want to perform science in the
open, offering resources and tips to make open science happen in the four key areas of data, code,
publications and peer-review.
The Rationale for Open Science: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants
One of the most widely used definitions of open science originates from Michael Nielsen [1]:
“Open science is the idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as
is practical in the discovery process”. With this in mind, the overall goal of open science is to
accelerate scientific progress and discoveries and to turn these discoveries into benefits for all. An
essential part of this process is therefore to guarantee that all sorts of scientific outputs are publicly
available, easily accessible, and discoverable for others to use, re-use, and build upon.
As Mick Watson has recently wondered, “[...] isn’t that just science?” [2]. One of the basic
premises of science is that it should be based on a global, collaborative effort, building on open
communication of published methods, data, and results. In fact, the concept of discovering truth by
building on previous findings can be traced back to at least the 12th century in the metaphor of
dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants: “Nanos gigantum humeris insidentes”1.
While creativity and intuition are contributed to science by individuals, validation and
confirmation of scientific findings can only be reached through collaborative efforts, notably peer-
driven quality control and cross-validation. Through open inspection and critical, collective
analysis, models can be refined, improved, or rejected ...
Overview of the grey literature produced by the National Institute of Health in Italy focusing on challenges and opportunities to share open data and creare awareness on the value of GL.
الأهداف:
• تعريف المشاركين بأهداف التنمية المستدامة الموجهة إلى التعامل مع عدد من التحديات العالمية
• رفع وعي المشاركين بالدعم الذي تقدمه العلوم والتعليم لتحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة
• استعراض مبادرات دعم بعض أهداف التنمية المستدامة
• استعراض ما يمكن أن يقوم به كل فرد لدعم أهداف التنمية المستدامة مهما كانه منصبه أو عمله
المتحدثة د. علا الزين
• مديرة المكتبة الطبية ومحاضرة في الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت.
• أول سيدة تحصل على درجة الدكتوراه في الخلية والبيولوجيا الجزيئية من الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت.
• عضو مجلس إدارة المنظمة العربية للعلماء الشباب Arab WAYS، وأول ممثلة عن لبنان في مؤسسة Healthcare Information For All - HIFA ، وعضو لجنة في الاتحاد الدولي لجمعيات ومؤسسات المكتبات "إفلا" و اتحاد أميركا الدولي للمكتبات الأكاديمية AMICAL، والتي تهدف جميعها إلى تعزيز العلوم المفتوحة وأهداف التنمية المستدامة وتمكينها وتنفيذها.
• تتمتع بخبرة واسعة في مجال التدريس منذ عام 2007، وألفت العديد من الورقات البحثية المنشورة في دوريات علمية محكمة مرموقة على مستوى العالم.
• شاركت كمتحدثة في العديد من المحافل والمؤتمرات الدولية، مع تركيز خاص على العلوم المفتوحة، والمجتمع المفتوح وأهداف التنمية المستدامة.
OpenAIRE at Open Knowledge Governance for Innovation, Internet Governance For...OpenAIRE
Open access and the evolving scholarly communication environment.
Presented at the workshop Why We Need an Open Web: Open Knowledge Governance for Innovation, Internet Governance Forum 2010, September 17, 2010, Vilnius, Lithuania; OpenAIRE related slides 34-38
De castro gl_moving towards oa to research dataPaola De Castro
New perspectives for grey literature in health sciences, facing the challenges of open data sharing and open science movement. Presentatoin at the 16 Internatonal Conference on Grey Literature. Library of Congerss, Washington DC, 8-9 December 2014
De castro _ Editorial guidelines for sex and gender equity in research (SAGER...Paola De Castro
How improved reporting of sex/gender can influence research outcomes and contribute to more equitable approach to research across disciplines. Presented at the 14th International COMET Conference
(Communication, Medicine, Ethics). University of Aalberg (Denmark). July 4-6, 2016
The role of editors in the development of the CoBRA guideline and the power of the multidisciplinary approach.
Paola De Castro, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (Italy), European Association of Science Editors
The presentation will show how the importance of collaboration between scientists and editors is crucial to maximize the benefits of research. The role of editors as gatekeepers of science will be pointed out as well as the importance to communicate and disseminate science to different stakeholders - outside the specialty sector where it originates from - following a multidisciplinary approach. For example, policy makers, research funders, general public, patients, they all, for different reasons, need to be informed about progress of research in a way that they can really understand it and become aware of benefits they get from that. Within this framework, the different steps which lead to the development of the CoBRA guideline to standardize Citations of Bioresources in Research Articles will be outlined with special reference to the support provided by the European Association of Science Editors (EASE), an international community of individuals and associations from diverse backgrounds, linguistic traditions and professional experience in science communication and editing engaged to provide Excellence and Accountability in Science Editing.
De castro disseminazione di conoscenze scientifiche e salute pubblicaPaola De Castro
Strategic role of communication for health professionals.
Communication presented in Rome. June 18, 2015
Convegno: Documentazione scientifica per i professionisti della salute. Condividere e certificare le conoscenze per l'appropriatezza degli interventi
Training and communication toolkit for health workers and patients' associations. A support tool for the training course in communication of the CASA project. It includes basic knowledge on communication, and the role of communication to contribute to sharing, networking, training, planning, and evaluation activities
Comunicación cientifica para la salud publica y el valor del Acceso abierto. Cooperación Italia Bolivia en salud ocupacional y ambiental.. Experiencias nacionales y desafios globales. La Paz (Bolivia) 10-12 noviembre de 2014
Italian experience on research and dissemanation of asbestos related diseases and international cooperation in Latin America. Seminario Asbestos, Arte, ciencia y politicas. Bogotà, 5-7 Marzo de 2014
Brasil pioneer of OA to scientific information: experiences of collaboration within the NECOBELAC project. Workshop on prevention of asbestos related diseases in Brasil. Rome, September 9, 2014
De castro articulo cientifico_formatos_etica_quito 2014Paola De Castro
Comunicacion "Como escribir correctamente un artículo científico:cuestiones éticas y formatos editoriales". Paola De Castro Seminario internacional. SALUD OCUPACIONAL Y AMBIENTAL: experiencias y nuevos desafíos globales. Quito, 24-26 de Febrero de 2014
Diseminación de información científica en salud pública. Salud Ocupacional y ambiental. Experiencias y nuevos desafios internacionales. Quito (ecuador) 24-26 de febrero de 2014
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
De castro mekelle university 2014
1. SCIENTIFIC
COMMUNICATION
C . A . S. A .
Easy when you know how
Paola De Castro
Head of the Publishing Unit
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (Italy)
Council Member
European Association of Science Editors
Mekelle University, January 25, 2014
1
CASA project
scientific communication
2. Initial inspirational quote from Nelson Mandela
FOCUS ON
EDUCATION
“
Mr Mandela had a
leadership role
in making HIV/AIDS in
sub Saharan Africa
an issue that the world
could no longer ignore.
His speech at the International AIDS Conference in Durban in 2000
changed the course of the epidemic …
2
CASA project
”
scientific communication
3. PREMISE
TEACHING & LEARNING are strictly connected
My experience
Publishing Unit
National Institute of Health
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Your experience
different
backgrounds
Mekelle University,
Tigray Health Bureau, hospitals,
health facilities
C . A . S. A .
new knowledge to improve public health
3
CASA project
scientific communication
4. Basic topics and training program
FOCUS ON
the strategic role of scientific communication
as added value to the CASA project
TWO PARTS
A
B
4
Provide basic information on scientific communication
create awareness on the topics to be included in a training program
Present a modular training program on scientific communication
describe modules, explain methodology, schedule future activities
CASA project
scientific communication
5. Part A
Basic information
on scientific communication
3
Assumptions
• Relevance
• Target and types
• Rules and best practices
5
CASA project
scientific communication
8. WHY is scientific communication RELEVANT FOR YOU?
Suggestions
Progress is always based on previous work
Scientists have a responsibility for communicating research results
Patients need to be informed
All stakeholders (policy makers, general public)
should be aware of the value of scientific research
Health is a common good
We live in a “global” world
8
CASA project
scientific communication
9. Responsibility
of science communication
For all people working in Research and Development
Information transfer is
an ESSENTIAL part of their work
It is a responsibility that must be
recognised and undertaken
with the same commitment and professionality
as all the other science-related activities.
9
CASA project
scientific communication
10. It is important to share information at different levels, to
different stakeholders, in a global health perspective.
Health knowledge can often mean
the difference between life and death
Each year, around 9 million children
die from preventable and treatable illnesses
The handbook produced by UNICEF, WHO, UNESCO
provides vital messages and information for mothers,
fathers, other family members, caregivers and communities
10
CASA project
scientific communication
11. Internet provides tools
We are aware of the “digital divide”
BUT even when Internet is available
it is important to know
• where to find such tools
• how to recognize quality information
• how to use it
A cultural change is still required
and it is associated with the capacity to
use resources provided by information technologies
and to produce new and useful online resources
11
CASA project
scientific communication
12. New trends: BE OPEN!
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
Open sharing of research activity
Open online information
Open Access journals
Open peer-review
Open data sharing
Open to patients/society
Open in disclosure conflicts of interest
Open online courses (MOOCs)
A NEW STATE OF MIND
12
CASA project
scientific communication
13. OA is a philosophy and not an archive
OA routes
10,000 OA
OA journals (gold)
Digital archives (green)
CREATE AWARENESS
among all stakeholders
13
CASA project
2200 listings
scientific communication
14. Role of scientific journals
Despite the changes introduced by the Internet in communication,
scientific journals still represent the most widely recognized means
for communicating research results of among peers.
Scientific journals:
14
CASA project
• represent the dynamic memory of science (started in 1660)
• rely on a consolidated know-how and editorial structure
• guarantee quality control, dissemination, indexing and
impact evaluation of published articles.
scientific communication
15. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
on scientifc knowledge dissemination through centuries
Rise & development
of scientific journals
If you are not interested , skip to slide 31
15
CASA project
scientific communication
16. How does knowledge transmission
change through the centuries?
The big revolutions
Orality
Oral memory within a community
Writing
First graffiti
Hieroglyphs
Alphabeth
35,000 years ago
3,200 BC
1,000 BC
Symbols = concepts
syllables
Printing
Internet
16
China 1050, Gutenberg 1450
Internet 1974 – 1990 Web – Google 1995
CASA project
scientific communication
17. The Bible, 1456
The Comedy, 1491
First book printed in Magonza
by Gutenberg
by Dante Alighieri
180 copies
36 x 29 cm
180 copies
36 x 29 cm
Texts have already a defined structure
Print diffusion
Millions of copies printed in few years
(commentaries by Cristoforo Landino)
Page numbering and italic were introduced
by Aldo Manunzio in 1501
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18. SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS
rise in the 17th century in the academies
Before, philosophers communicated through philosophical dissertations & letters
Journal des Scavans
Philosophical Transactions
First journal, published in Paris 1665
Royal Society of London, 1666
OBJECTIVE
Present the
most relevant
European
scientific
papers
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OBJECTIVES
Inform the Royal
Society members
and other readers
about scientific
discoveries
Establish
principles
scientific priority
and peer review
scientific communication
19. Scientific journals develop
since the 18th century
WHO is the
publisher?
still today they represent the preferred channel
to disseminate scientific research results
In the centuries, science
becomes more specialized
Scientific societies
Universities
Governmental agencies
Scientific institutions
Profesional associations
the publishing
enterprise develops
Journal “shape” keeps unchanged
until the Internet revolution
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The book shape has an influence
on the way of thinking
Sequential reading
Texts and illustrations
Text structure
Paratextual elements
scientific communication
20. The article of the future
5 minute video by Elsevier
It shows the advantages
of enriched articles including
supplementary information
interactive content.
It provides true immersion
in the contest of the subject matter.
Data are linked to databases
providing the most updated
information
It proves a positive correlation
among data sharing,
citations and impact.
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21. TODAY INTERNET
allows new ways of communication
Journals (and books)
change their shape
New ways are developed
• Blogs
• Discussion lists
• Wikis
• Online answers
• Social networks
• Collective conversations
All this deeply affects
scientific communication
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22. Internet changes economic models
& allows new metrics
Publishers are looking for new opportunities
Journal PRICES grow exponentially
Authors become aware of the new opportunities provided by ICT
& start NEGOTIATE THEIR RIGHTS (self archiving is now recognised by most publishers)
Online free full text is generally required
& also the availability of RESEARCH DATA is desired
New EVALUATION METRICS are introduced
as alternative to IF, e.g. H index (individual research output)
OA journals utilizing FREE SOFTWARE are developed
There is CONFUSION on the roles of the actors
of the editorial process and some contraddictions
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23. Publications in the world (2008=986.099)
United States
European Union
China
Japan
Russia
Latin America
Africa
28%
37%
10%
8%
7%
4.9%
2.2%
USA & EU are still the world leaders as for the absolute
number of scientific publications.
Yet, their percentage share of publications decreased
much more then any other country in the last 6 years.
On the other hand, China doubled its publications (10%).
Considering the size of Asian population it is envisaged
that it will become the leader continent as for publication
output in the coming years.
due primarily to Brasil
with 25% increase
in the last 6 years
UNESCO, Science report 2010 – Based on ISI data
Data refer to 2008, now the situation is rapidly changing
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24. Citation increase in OA journals
Open access citation average. A. Swan
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18516/2/Citation_advantage_paper.pdf
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25. OPEN ACCESS
a new paradigm of communication
Basic concepts from the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge
in the Sciences and Humanities (2003)
Our mission of disseminating knowledge is only half complete if the
information is not made widely and readily available to society.
New possibilities of knowledge dissemination not only through the classical
form but also and increasingly through the open access paradigm via the
Internet have to be supported.
We define open access as a comprehensive source of human knowledge and
cultural heritage that has been approved by the scientific community.
In order to realize the vision of a global and accessible representation of
knowledge, the future Web has to be sustainable, interactive, and transparent.
Content and software tools must be openly accessible and compatible.
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26. … it requires the active commitment of each and every individual producer of
scientific knowledge and holder of cultural heritage.
Open access contributions include original scientific research results, raw data
and metadata, source materials, digital representations of pictorial and graphical
materials and scholarly multimedia material.
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P. De Castro • Scientific Communication • CASA project - Ethiopia, January 2014
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27. Open Journal Systems
Free software for online
journal management
Over 11,500 journals
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P. De Castro • Scientific Communication • CASA project - Ethiopia, January 2014
CASA project
scientific communication
28. Development of OA policies
In 2007, ISS signed an OA policy (the first health
research institute in Italy with an OA policy)
In 2013, ISS signed a Position paper supporting
Open Access to research data
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29. OA, a moral imperative
National and international institutions and funding organizations
support OA to research information and data
Issue policies and recommendations with varying embargo periods
•
•
•
•
•
•
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NIH
European Commission
Wellcome trust
Telethon
Italian research institutes
…..
P. De Castro • Scientific Communication • CASA project - Ethiopia, January 2014
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scientific communication
31. ASSUMPTION
2
Target & types
It is important to select
the most appropriate communication tool
according to target and context
WHY?
Look for possible answers in the following slides
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scientific communication
32. Different targets, objectives & types
of scientific communication
target
PEERS
LAY PEOPLE
researchers,
medical
& technical staff
objective
type
32
share research results, progress
in research, contribute to debate
journal articles
technical reports
oral communications or posters
in conferences or workshops
abstracts and proceedings
social media
etc.
CASA project
patients, families, policy
makers, community health
workers, vendors, etc.
change behaviour, improve life style,
access to therapy, increase retention
oral communications
leaflets, bookmarks, posters
audiovisuals
workshops, informal meetings
e-health communication
social media
etc.
scientific communication
33. GENERAL ADVICE for researchers
TIPS FROM EXPERIENCE
Plan your work in advance
Select the best type of communication (target, objective, context)
Consider time and resources available
Define authorship & responsibilities (collaborators)
Consider previous work (bibliographic search)
Follow instructions to authors (if available)
Produce a first draft
Revise the draft, seek advice, share, test the product
Submit for publication (peer review process)
Approve final draft
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Disseminate (online, print, share, talk, link, etc.)
scientific communication
34. Value of scientific journals
Considering readers’ requirements
QUESTIONS
WRITE A USEFUL ARTICLE
to contribute to the progress of science
Which information needs shall I meet?
Are there other publications on the same topic?
Are they up-dated?
Are they useful?
Are they easily available?
Are they free on the Internet?
•
•
•
•
•
WHY write an article?
WHERE to publish it?
WITH whom?
HOW much time?
WHICH budget?
In some cases, national journals or books
may be more appropriate
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35. Value of scientific journals
Considering authors’ requirements
PUBLISH IN QUALITY JOURNALS (IF)
to obtain the highest evaluation
QUESTIONS
(grants, career advancement)
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HOW TO SELECT THE JOURNAL?
• Indexed journals (IF)
• Journals where important authors
publish
• High rejection rate journals
• Journals which I read for updating
CASA project
WHAT TO CONSIDER?
• Where is the journal indexed
• Editorial committee
• Editorial organization (policy)
(peer review, time)
• Online availability
• Copyright issues…
scientific communication
36. AUTHORSHIP & INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
1953
Watson e Crick published an article on
DNA which is very famous and well
known all over the world
… and what about
Rosalind Franklin?
Watson J D, Crick FHC.
Molecular structure of nucleic acids:
a structure for deoxyribose nucleid acid.
Nature 1953; 171: 737-738.c
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37. ASSUMPTION
3
Rules & best practices
It is important to know
standards, guidelines and tradition
WHY?
Look for possible answers in the following slides
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CASA project
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38. Actors of the EDITORIAL PROCESS
authors
editors
publishers
readers
• Referees
• Technical editors
• Translators
• Graphic designers
• Photographers
• Printers
• Web masters
• Librarians
• Information specialists
Be aware of the role of each actor in the process
to be able to understand it and comply with their requirements
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39. RESPONSIBILITIES
To be pointed out in CASA training program
AUTHORS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Develop useful contents
Select the appropriate document type
Read instructions to authors
Provide all information required by editors
Do not cheat
etc.
EDITORS
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Organize and validate information
Garantee publication integrity
Create useful journals
Write instructions for authors
Specify steps of the editorial process
etc.
CASA project
REFEREES
•
•
•
•
•
Guarantee quality of published papers
Declare conflicts of interest
Comply with schedules
Respect privacy and confidentiality
etc.
scientific communication
40. SCIENTIFIC EDITING inside an editorial office
Receiving manuscripts
First evaluation by editor in chief
Peer review (reviewers/authors, reviewers, editor)
Editor in chief (acceptance/modification/ rejection)
Scientific editing – graphics
(correction of drafts)
Receiving proofs
Article final copy
Complete issue
(including all articles)
Blueprint
Online dissemination
Print
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41. WRITING A JOURNAL ARTICLE
a challenge between tradition and innovation
WARNING!
BE AWARE OF EDITORIAL RULES
AND BEST PRACTICES
1.
2.
3.
evaluate scientific content and target
be familiar with technical requirements
be familiar with the publication ethics
FORMATS OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES
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42. Instructions to authors
for over 6,000 journals in
the health and life sciences
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
First and last step for article writing.
Submit to the right journal!
Follow instructions!
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43. IMRAD structure
Introduction
Background information
State specific purpose of the study
Limit references
Do not include data or conclusions
Material and methods
Describe (patients, animals, etc.)
Define material and equipment
Illustrate procedures
Compare with other methods
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CASA project
Results
Show results in logical order
Point out only relevant data
And
Discussion and conclusions
Stress only new aspects
Do not repeat what was written in the methods
Avoid conclusions which are
not associated to reliable data
scientific communication
44. REVISION: different levels of responsibility
1. AUTHORS’ REVISION
before submission
• read instructions to authors
• read again after some time (one-two days)
• use check lists
2. INITIAL EDITORIAL REVIEW
3. PEER REVIEW
after submission
Minor revisions
Major revisions
Authors! Take it seriously!
Be prepared to answer
all points raised by reviewers
after submission (before peer review)
A paper may be rejected by the editor, IF…
• it is not compliant with journal scope & formats
• it has poor English
4. TECHNICAL EDITING
after acceptance
Journal editorial staff
Revision improves quality & provides a learning opportunity
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45. Middle inspirational quote from Nelson Mandela
ACCEPT
THE CHALLENGE
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“
”
scientific communication
46. To sum up …
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION
3
Assumptions
Relevance
Target & types
Rules & best practices
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CASA project
Communication is part of research activity
It is important to select the most appropriate
communicaton tool according to objective,
target and context
It is important to know rules and best practices
TRAINING
scientific communication
47. Part B
Modular training program
on scientific communication
APPLY NEW KNOWLEDGE from CASA
main objectives
Write an article to be submitted
to a peer reviewed journal
Write an abstract to be submitted
as oral presentation or poster
in a national or international Conference
Write a technical report
Prepare a power point presentation
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48. Create the document best fitting your objective
TRAINING will directly involve you in:
Writing a journal article
How to select the right journal
Instructions to authors,
your first guide to write an article
Writing a technical report,
a book or a chapter
Why write a report
Which part are you going to play
How to organize a sound structure
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CASA project
Submitting a conference abstract,
writing a conference paper
Select the appropriate theme & collaborators
Be prepared to produce
a power point presentation or a poster
Producing leaflets & other tools
Some hints for autonomous creations of
printed tools and WEB 2.0 communication
scientific communication
49. Be aware of & expoit existing infomation
TRAINING will help you to know:
How to search in online databases
Select databases
Select appropriate topics
Filter available information
How to access online journals
Search available sources
Take advantage from HINARI
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50. Be aware of & utilise editorial guidelines
TRAINING will provide you a selection of basic guidelines:
“Vancouver style”
Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing and publication
of scholarly work in medical journals
EASE Guidelines
for Authors and Translators
of Scientific Articles to be Published in English
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51. Be aware of rules & follow best practices
TRAINING will help you in:
Using illustrations
When using a table or a figure?
Some technical details
Citing the work of others: how & why
Elements to be included in a reference
Reference styles
Managing revision
Levels of technical editing
Respond to referees
Handle proofs
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52. The “Conference world”
an opportunity to grow and develop collaboration
Training will help you to know:
How to submit an abstract
Select topic, authors
Follow guidelines
How to produce effective posters
Before getting to work
Balancing content, structure and graphics
How to organize
a conference or workshop
at local, national or international level
Define roles and objectives
Scientific committees
and their responsibilities
Defining a conference programme
issuing a call for papers
How to produce effective presentations
Before getting to work
Suggested structure and schemes
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53. Other useful topics
Training will help you to know:
How to involve community health workers
Select objectives, targets & tools
Consider human and financial resources & time
Define a shared communication strategy
How to communicate through social networks
Know about web 2.0
Participate in networks discussions
Create awareness on specific health issues
How to use publication metrics
Know about traditional metrics (IF)
Know about altmetrics
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54. Expected results from training
Short term (January 2014)
Medium term (2014-2015)
Prepare an abstract
to be submitted to
Standardize CASA reports
Address WHO to utilize CASA data
Start e-learning modules
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Prepare a poster/ power point
presentation for
Prepare a manuscript to be submitted
to a peer reviewed journal
CASA project
scientific communication
55. Questions
Tick the correct answers
Publication of scientific output is part of the research process
and plays a basic role for science development
Online information is always reliable
Scientific journal articles are primarily used to inform families
& citizens & sometimes may be used to inform researchers
When submitting a journal article for publication, it is NOT
important to follow instructions for authors
Referees do not directly address the authors of submitted articles
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56. Correct answers
Publication of scientific output is part of the research process
and plays a basic role for science development
Online information is always reliable
Scientific journal articles are primarily used to inform families
& citizens & sometimes may be used to inform researchers
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When submitting a journal article for publication, it is NOT
important to follow instructions for authors
Referees do not directly address the authors of submitted articles
CASA project
scientific communication
57. Certificate of accomplishment
C . A . S. A .
At the end of the training course
all those who will have successfully
completed assignments & achieved expected results
will receive a certificate
of accomplishment
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58. Final considerations 1
A training program
on scientific communication
is an ADDED VALUE to the CASA project.
C . A . S. A .
It contributes to:
provide visibility to the project activity
maximize results achieved
develop new collaborations
facilitate funding
This program in scientific communication may become
a training model to be utilized in a wider geographical area
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59. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
Final considerations 2
Collaboration is essential for the success
of this initiative
C . A . S. A .
Progress is reached step by step, through a mix of REALISM and IDEALISM
Sharing the same objectives, we will permit to:
•
•
•
•
Integrate the training program with existing practices
Overcome possible obstacles
Test and improve the new models
Find appropriate solutions
QUESTIONS?
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60. Final inspirational quote from Nelson Mandela
PASSION
AND HARD
WORK
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“
P. De Castro • Scientific Communication • CASA project - Ethiopia, January 2014
CASA project
”
scientific communication
61. thank you!
C . A . S. A .
paola.decastro@iss.it
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