This document discusses post-colonial studies and provides biographies of three key figures: Edward Said, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Homi K. Bhabha. It defines post-colonialism as emerging in the mid-20th century in response to colonialism and its impacts. It outlines Edward Said's work critiquing Western views of the East. It summarizes Spivak's work examining imperialism and the subaltern. And it notes Bhabha's influence from post-structuralism and his work on nation and narration. Examples are given of how early media portrayed colonialist ideologies.

1. TOPIC : post-colonial studies
• NAME :- Pandya Dharmishtha D.
• CLASS:- M.A. Part-1 (Sem-2)
• ROLL NO.:- 24
• YEAR :- 2016
• PAPER NO.:- 8 (The Culture Studies)
• SUBMITTED:- Department of English

2.  What is post-colonialism?
 Colonialism :-
control or governing influence of
a nation over a dependent a
country, territory, or people.

3.  Post-colonialism
 Is an intellectual direction that exist since around
the middle to the 20th century.
 It developed from and mainly refers to the time
after colonialism.
 The post-colonial direction was created as colonial
countries became independent.
 Now days, aspects of post-colonialism can be
found not only in sciences concerning history,
literature and politics, but also in approach to
culture and identity.

4.  The three pillars of Postcolonial
Theory:-
 Edward said
 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
Hami K. Bhabha

5.  Edward said
 Professor at Columbus University.
 Revolutionized study of middle East
and helped to re-shape study of
post-colonialism.
 He wrote the book ‘Orientalism’
translated into 26 language.
 He thinks West, Europe and USA
look at middle East through a lens
(Orientalism) that distort reality and
makes people of the East seem
threatening.
 Said sharply critiques Western
image of the Oriental as “irrational,
depraved, child-like ‘different’”,
‘which has allowed the west to
define itself as’ “rational, virtuous,
mature, ‘normal’”.

6.  Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
• Gayatri Chakravorty
Spivak was born in 1942
• An Indian theorist, literary
critic and lecturer at
Columbus University.
• Her famous work is, “ can
the Subaltern Speak? ”
(1988), three women’s
Text and a critique of
imperialism(1988), New
literary history (1990),
"Draupadi by Mahasweta
Devi”.
• In Mahasweta Devi
fictional novels, she
presents the native in her
otherness and singularity.

7. • conti……
• Is thought of as one of the three co-founders
of post- colonial theory.
•An Indian theorist, literary critic and lecturer
at Columbus University.
• Her main work on the postcolonial theory was
her Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a
History of the Vanishing Present (1999).
• She describe herself as a “Practical Marxism,
feminism, and deconstruction”.

8.  Homi K. Bhabha
 He was Harvard
professor and one of
the top post
colonialist thinkers.
 He wrote the Nation
and Narration
(1990).
 He studied the work
of French post
structuralist thinker
like Derrida, lacan
and Foucault. He is
also followed of
Edward Said.

9. Post-colonialism:
Example in media
 “Saunders of the River”(1935)
portrayed ideologies naturalizing
colonization.
 “The four features”(1939) suggested
the key role of the British army was to
bring a civilizing influence to India and
Egypt.
 “Zulu” (1964) represented the Zulu
tribe in Africa as violent savages.