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Acute pancreatitis can be diagnosed with two of the following three criteria: severe abdominal pain, lipase or amylase levels over three times the normal limit, or imaging findings consistent with acute pancreatitis. Lipase elevations occur earlier and last longer than amylase, making it a more sensitive marker. Other conditions besides acute pancreatitis can also cause elevated lipase, including renal failure, gallstones, bowel obstruction, and pancreatic tumors. Imaging may show a heterogeneous pancreas, fat stranding, homogeneous enhancement of the pancreas, or peripancreatic necrosis.
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Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is a discrete episode of pancreatic injury and inflammation characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. Gallstones and alcohol account for 70-80% of cases. Treatment involves early resuscitation, detecting and treating complications, establishing the diagnosis and severity, and treating the underlying cause. Complications can include systemic complications like shock, ARDS, and renal failure or local complications like pancreatic necrosis, pseudocyst formation, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The mortality rate is typically 2-20% depending on the severity of complications.
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease caused by the progressive destruction of the bile ducts, resulting in bile accumulation and inflammation in the liver. Left untreated, it can lead to cirrhosis. PBC mainly affects middle-aged women and symptoms include fatigue, itching, and pain. While there is no cure, medications like ursodiol can slow disease progression and manage symptoms. For those who do not respond to ursodiol, obeticholic acid may be used alone or in combination with ursodiol to reduce bile acid levels and protect the liver. As the disease advances, complications from cirrhosis like jaundice and internal bleeding can occur, and
Acute pancreatitis
1) Acute pancreatitis has many causes including gallstones, alcohol use, genetic mutations, drugs, hypertriglyceridemia and trauma. It is diagnosed when a patient has abdominal pain consistent with pancreatitis along with elevated pancreatic enzymes or imaging findings of pancreatitis.
2) Severity is classified based on the presence of organ failure and local complications. Predictors of severe acute pancreatitis include age over 60, comorbidities, obesity, and long term heavy alcohol use.
3) Management involves fluid resuscitation, nutritional support either enterally or parenterally, use of antibiotics only if infection is suspected, and minimally invasive techniques to treat fluid collections and necrosis when indicated. Recurrence can
Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the liver. It is also called hepatoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer comprising about 90 percent of all primary cancers of the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in males as compared to females.
For more information: www.cancertame.com
Acute pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis
definition , causes rare and common , prognosis , clinical features , investigations to do plus the treatment
Acute pancreatitis by sameen
The document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its causes, signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, severity scoring systems, and approaches to treatment. It notes that acute pancreatitis can range from mild to severe and sometimes leads to complications like pancreatic pseudocysts or abscesses if not properly treated. Treatment involves pain management, fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes surgery for gallstone removal or infected necrosis.
A case of Recurrent Pancreatitis
This document presents the case of a 14-year-old female patient admitted with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Her episodes are associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Her brother also had a history of similar symptoms. Laboratory tests revealed elevated triglyceride levels in the patient and her family members. She was diagnosed with familial hypertriglyceridemia-induced recurrent acute pancreatitis. Treatment involved managing triglyceride levels and supportive care for the acute attack.
A case of ascites and hepatomegaly
A 1-year-old girl presented with diarrhea and ascites and was found to have Budd-Chiari syndrome involving all three hepatic veins. She underwent balloon venoplasty of the right hepatic vein with resolution of ascites. She later had a variceal bleed due to restenosis and required right hepatic vein stenting. Follow up showed improved growth and liver function. Long term management of Budd-Chiari syndrome involves anticoagulation and monitoring for complications like variceal bleeding and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is a discrete episode of pancreatic injury and inflammation characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. Gallstones and alcohol account for 70-80% of cases. Treatment involves early resuscitation, detecting and treating complications, establishing the diagnosis and severity, and treating the underlying cause. Complications can include systemic complications like shock, ARDS, and renal failure or local complications like pancreatic necrosis, pseudocyst formation, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The mortality rate is typically 2-20% depending on the severity of complications.
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease caused by the progressive destruction of the bile ducts, resulting in bile accumulation and inflammation in the liver. Left untreated, it can lead to cirrhosis. PBC mainly affects middle-aged women and symptoms include fatigue, itching, and pain. While there is no cure, medications like ursodiol can slow disease progression and manage symptoms. For those who do not respond to ursodiol, obeticholic acid may be used alone or in combination with ursodiol to reduce bile acid levels and protect the liver. As the disease advances, complications from cirrhosis like jaundice and internal bleeding can occur, and
Acute pancreatitis
1) Acute pancreatitis has many causes including gallstones, alcohol use, genetic mutations, drugs, hypertriglyceridemia and trauma. It is diagnosed when a patient has abdominal pain consistent with pancreatitis along with elevated pancreatic enzymes or imaging findings of pancreatitis.
2) Severity is classified based on the presence of organ failure and local complications. Predictors of severe acute pancreatitis include age over 60, comorbidities, obesity, and long term heavy alcohol use.
3) Management involves fluid resuscitation, nutritional support either enterally or parenterally, use of antibiotics only if infection is suspected, and minimally invasive techniques to treat fluid collections and necrosis when indicated. Recurrence can
Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the liver. It is also called hepatoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer comprising about 90 percent of all primary cancers of the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in males as compared to females.
For more information: www.cancertame.com
Acute pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis
definition , causes rare and common , prognosis , clinical features , investigations to do plus the treatment
Acute pancreatitis by sameen
The document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its causes, signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, severity scoring systems, and approaches to treatment. It notes that acute pancreatitis can range from mild to severe and sometimes leads to complications like pancreatic pseudocysts or abscesses if not properly treated. Treatment involves pain management, fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes surgery for gallstone removal or infected necrosis.
A case of Recurrent Pancreatitis
This document presents the case of a 14-year-old female patient admitted with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Her episodes are associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Her brother also had a history of similar symptoms. Laboratory tests revealed elevated triglyceride levels in the patient and her family members. She was diagnosed with familial hypertriglyceridemia-induced recurrent acute pancreatitis. Treatment involved managing triglyceride levels and supportive care for the acute attack.
A case of ascites and hepatomegaly
A 1-year-old girl presented with diarrhea and ascites and was found to have Budd-Chiari syndrome involving all three hepatic veins. She underwent balloon venoplasty of the right hepatic vein with resolution of ascites. She later had a variceal bleed due to restenosis and required right hepatic vein stenting. Follow up showed improved growth and liver function. Long term management of Budd-Chiari syndrome involves anticoagulation and monitoring for complications like variceal bleeding and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma usually affects males over 40 with liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or C infection or excessive alcohol consumption. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated alpha-fetoprotein and imaging like ultrasound or CT scan identifying a liver mass. Treatment options include surgical resection of localized tumors, liver transplantation if the patient qualifies, transarterial chemoembolization, and systemic chemotherapy though outcomes are often poor.
Pancreatitis
This document discusses pancreatitis, which can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis involves sudden onset of abdominal pain with elevated pancreatic enzymes, while chronic pancreatitis features recurring pain with steatorrhea and glucose intolerance. Causes include gallstones, alcoholism, hypertriglyceridemia, and certain drugs. The pathophysiology in both involves premature activation of pancreatic enzymes damaging local tissue. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like CT or MRI. Treatment focuses on pain control, bowel rest, antibiotics for necrosis, and surgery for complications like pseudocysts or infected necrosis.
Pancreatic disease
The document discusses acute and chronic pancreatitis, including causes such as alcohol abuse, gallstones, and trauma. It describes clinical features such as severe epigastric pain and elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. Diagnostic tests include blood tests, imaging like CT scans and MRCP, and endoscopic ultrasound. Treatment depends on the severity and includes IV fluids, analgesics, antibiotics, and surgery for complications like pseudocysts or obstruction.
Full story fatty liver imaging Dr Ahmed Esawy
Full story fatty liver imaging dr ahmed esawy
include different cases for oral radiodiagnosis examination all over the world
CT /MRI Plain X ray images
Diagnosis at US
Diagnosis at CT
Diagnosis at MR Imaging
Elastography
Contrast enhanced ultrasound
Liver Pathology (Diffuse Diseases).
Criteria for fatty liver on USG
Grading of fatty liver
Fatty fibrotic pattern
Diagnosis at CT
Diagnosis at MR Imaging
Potential pitfalls in Opposed-phase T1 include
Accuracy for Detection and Grading of Fat Deposition
Patterns of Fat Deposition
Diffuse Deposition.
Focal Deposition and Focal Sparing.
Multifocal Deposition.
Perivascular Deposition.
Subcapsular Deposition.
Focal Deposition and Focal Sparing
Fatty Pseudolesions of the Liver: Postoperative Changes
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Primary Lesions and Hypervascular Metastases.
Hypovascular Metastases and Lymphoma.
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Low-Attenuation Lesions.
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Haematuria
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can be caused by diseases of the urinary system or other systemic disorders. It is classified as microscopic or gross based on visibility, and as early, terminal, or diffuse based on timing during urination. Common causes include glomerular diseases, infections, cancers, trauma, and stones. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, microscopy, imaging, and sometimes kidney biopsy. Treatment focuses on the underlying condition causing the hematuria. Prognosis depends on associated clinical or laboratory abnormalities, with isolated microscopic hematuria generally having a good prognosis.
PPT1
Peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis is commonly diagnosed based on symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, and nausea, along with lab findings of increased white blood cells over 100 cells/mm3 with neutrophil predominance. Infections are often gram positive or gram negative bacteria but about 20% have no growth on culture. Fungal infections are rare but Candida is the most common cause. Noninfectious complications include GERD, vomiting, electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia, and potentially fatal acute mesenteric ischemia.
Acute by Sree from Callroom
Peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis is commonly diagnosed based on symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, and nausea. Laboratory findings often show an increased white blood cell count with neutrophil predominance. Infections are usually gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria but some cases are culture-negative or fungal. Non-infectious complications include gastrointestinal reflux, electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia, and conditions such as acute mesenteric ischemia. Acute mesenteric ischemia has a high mortality rate and is often caused by arterial embolism or thrombosis, presenting with rapid abdominal pain and potentially leading to intestinal infarction if not promptly treated.
Hepatic failure
Liver failure occurs when the liver rapidly loses its ability to function, resulting in mental status changes and coagulation abnormalities. It can be caused by viral hepatitis, drug toxicity, toxins, or other metabolic issues. Acute liver failure presents as a sudden onset of severe liver injury over days or weeks in someone without pre-existing liver disease. Treatment involves identifying and treating the underlying cause, medications to reduce intracranial pressure and manage complications, and liver transplantation may be required in severe cases.
Liver cirrhosis
The liver is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen below the diaphragm. It has two lobes and is divided into segments and lobules. The liver receives blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein and performs important metabolic, hematological, synthetic, protective, storage, and excretory functions. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver caused by chronic liver disease that results in deterioration of liver function and portal hypertension. Common causes are alcohol, hepatitis B/C, and obesity. Symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, ascites, and bleeding from varices. Treatment involves managing complications through diet, medications, TIPS procedure, and potentially transplantation.
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that results from premature activation of pancreatic enzymes. It commonly presents with severe upper abdominal pain requiring hospital admission. The pathophysiology involves release of enzymes that damage pancreatic and surrounding tissues through increased capillary permeability, cell membrane destruction, and fat necrosis. Treatment focuses on fluid management, nutritional support, pain control, and supporting other organ systems to prevent complications like respiratory failure and multi-organ dysfunction.
Acute pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis general surgery undergraduate MBBS Medical School Complication of Acute Pancreatitis Ranson Criteria Alcohol Pancreatitis Gallstone Cullen sign Grey turner sign Increased serum amylase ERCP
Proteinuria
Proteinuria – early indicator of renal disease
Increases the risk of renal impairment, hypertension & cardiovascular disease.
Proteinuria of 1+ or more persisting on 2 subsequent dipstick tests at weekly intervals – requires further investigations.
Causes of transient proteinuria to be excluded
Acute pancreatitis
Presentation describes the pathophysiology of Acute pancreatitis & its management in detail. Information is useful in practice although acute pancreatitis is quite rare
Acute pancreatitis
This document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that acute pancreatitis results in sudden upper abdominal pain due to pancreatic inflammation. Patients often present to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain. It requires hospital admission for medical management including fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, and pain management. Causes include gallstones, alcohol abuse, medications, infections, and trauma. Diagnosis involves elevated serum amylase and lipase levels as well as imaging tests like abdominal CT or MRI. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement, nutritional support, treating any infections, and pain control.
Differences between alcoholic fatty liver disease and non alcoholic nafld
Learn about the differences between alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Acute Pancreatitis
1. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe and involve other remote organ systems.
2. It is commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol abuse.
3. Symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal tenderness. Investigations include blood tests and imaging of the pancreas.
APPROACH TO HAEMATURIA
This document discusses the approach to hematuria in children. It begins by defining hematuria and describing different types. It then outlines the most common etiologies of glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria. The document emphasizes taking a thorough history and physical exam. It recommends investigations including urine analysis, blood work, imaging and potentially renal biopsy. Based on the cause, management may include reassurance, antibiotics, supportive care, monitoring, correcting complications, addressing underlying issues like calculi, or surgical intervention for conditions like tumors or obstructions. The overall approach involves diagnosing the cause of hematuria through history, exam, testing and using targeted management strategies.
Acute pancreatitis
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis including its anatomy, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, management, and complications. Some key points:
- Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe. Gallstones and alcohol are common causes.
- Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Physical exam may reveal abdominal tenderness while blood tests can show elevated pancreatic enzymes.
- CT scan is the best imaging method and can identify complications like pancreatic necrosis. Prognosis is predicted by Ranson's criteria or the Balthazar CT severity index.
- Mild cases are treated with fluids and pain management while severe cases require
Acute pancreatitis
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis including its anatomy, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment, and complications. Some key points:
- The pancreas is located in the retroperitoneum and has a head, neck, body and tail supplied by various arteries and veins.
- Acute pancreatitis is defined as inflammation of the pancreas with abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. Common causes include gallstones, alcohol use, and hyperlipidemia.
- Inflammation occurs when pancreatic enzymes prematurely activate within the pancreas, causing injury. Systemic complications can develop depending on severity.
- Diagnosis involves history, exam, and lab tests
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introduction for renal system
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causes
atherosclerosis role
DM role (micro¯ovascular changes due to atherosclerosis )
Hypertension role
possible sign and symptoms associated with microalbuminuria
enjoooooooooy ....... :)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma usually affects males over 40 with liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or C infection or excessive alcohol consumption. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated alpha-fetoprotein and imaging like ultrasound or CT scan identifying a liver mass. Treatment options include surgical resection of localized tumors, liver transplantation if the patient qualifies, transarterial chemoembolization, and systemic chemotherapy though outcomes are often poor.
Pancreatitis
This document discusses pancreatitis, which can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis involves sudden onset of abdominal pain with elevated pancreatic enzymes, while chronic pancreatitis features recurring pain with steatorrhea and glucose intolerance. Causes include gallstones, alcoholism, hypertriglyceridemia, and certain drugs. The pathophysiology in both involves premature activation of pancreatic enzymes damaging local tissue. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like CT or MRI. Treatment focuses on pain control, bowel rest, antibiotics for necrosis, and surgery for complications like pseudocysts or infected necrosis.
Pancreatic disease
The document discusses acute and chronic pancreatitis, including causes such as alcohol abuse, gallstones, and trauma. It describes clinical features such as severe epigastric pain and elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. Diagnostic tests include blood tests, imaging like CT scans and MRCP, and endoscopic ultrasound. Treatment depends on the severity and includes IV fluids, analgesics, antibiotics, and surgery for complications like pseudocysts or obstruction.
Full story fatty liver imaging Dr Ahmed Esawy
Full story fatty liver imaging dr ahmed esawy
include different cases for oral radiodiagnosis examination all over the world
CT /MRI Plain X ray images
Diagnosis at US
Diagnosis at CT
Diagnosis at MR Imaging
Elastography
Contrast enhanced ultrasound
Liver Pathology (Diffuse Diseases).
Criteria for fatty liver on USG
Grading of fatty liver
Fatty fibrotic pattern
Diagnosis at CT
Diagnosis at MR Imaging
Potential pitfalls in Opposed-phase T1 include
Accuracy for Detection and Grading of Fat Deposition
Patterns of Fat Deposition
Diffuse Deposition.
Focal Deposition and Focal Sparing.
Multifocal Deposition.
Perivascular Deposition.
Subcapsular Deposition.
Focal Deposition and Focal Sparing
Fatty Pseudolesions of the Liver: Postoperative Changes
Differential Diagnosis
Primary Lesions and Hypervascular Metastases.
Hypovascular Metastases and Lymphoma.
Perfusion Anormalies.
Periportal Abnormalities
Pitfalls
Fat-containing Primary Tumors.
Low-Attenuation Lesions.
Focal Sparing that Mimics an Enhanced Tumor.
Haematuria
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can be caused by diseases of the urinary system or other systemic disorders. It is classified as microscopic or gross based on visibility, and as early, terminal, or diffuse based on timing during urination. Common causes include glomerular diseases, infections, cancers, trauma, and stones. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, microscopy, imaging, and sometimes kidney biopsy. Treatment focuses on the underlying condition causing the hematuria. Prognosis depends on associated clinical or laboratory abnormalities, with isolated microscopic hematuria generally having a good prognosis.
PPT1
Peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis is commonly diagnosed based on symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, and nausea, along with lab findings of increased white blood cells over 100 cells/mm3 with neutrophil predominance. Infections are often gram positive or gram negative bacteria but about 20% have no growth on culture. Fungal infections are rare but Candida is the most common cause. Noninfectious complications include GERD, vomiting, electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia, and potentially fatal acute mesenteric ischemia.
Acute by Sree from Callroom
Peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis is commonly diagnosed based on symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, and nausea. Laboratory findings often show an increased white blood cell count with neutrophil predominance. Infections are usually gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria but some cases are culture-negative or fungal. Non-infectious complications include gastrointestinal reflux, electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia, and conditions such as acute mesenteric ischemia. Acute mesenteric ischemia has a high mortality rate and is often caused by arterial embolism or thrombosis, presenting with rapid abdominal pain and potentially leading to intestinal infarction if not promptly treated.
Hepatic failure
Liver failure occurs when the liver rapidly loses its ability to function, resulting in mental status changes and coagulation abnormalities. It can be caused by viral hepatitis, drug toxicity, toxins, or other metabolic issues. Acute liver failure presents as a sudden onset of severe liver injury over days or weeks in someone without pre-existing liver disease. Treatment involves identifying and treating the underlying cause, medications to reduce intracranial pressure and manage complications, and liver transplantation may be required in severe cases.
Liver cirrhosis
The liver is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen below the diaphragm. It has two lobes and is divided into segments and lobules. The liver receives blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein and performs important metabolic, hematological, synthetic, protective, storage, and excretory functions. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver caused by chronic liver disease that results in deterioration of liver function and portal hypertension. Common causes are alcohol, hepatitis B/C, and obesity. Symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, ascites, and bleeding from varices. Treatment involves managing complications through diet, medications, TIPS procedure, and potentially transplantation.
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that results from premature activation of pancreatic enzymes. It commonly presents with severe upper abdominal pain requiring hospital admission. The pathophysiology involves release of enzymes that damage pancreatic and surrounding tissues through increased capillary permeability, cell membrane destruction, and fat necrosis. Treatment focuses on fluid management, nutritional support, pain control, and supporting other organ systems to prevent complications like respiratory failure and multi-organ dysfunction.
Acute pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis general surgery undergraduate MBBS Medical School Complication of Acute Pancreatitis Ranson Criteria Alcohol Pancreatitis Gallstone Cullen sign Grey turner sign Increased serum amylase ERCP
Proteinuria
Proteinuria – early indicator of renal disease
Increases the risk of renal impairment, hypertension & cardiovascular disease.
Proteinuria of 1+ or more persisting on 2 subsequent dipstick tests at weekly intervals – requires further investigations.
Causes of transient proteinuria to be excluded
Acute pancreatitis
Presentation describes the pathophysiology of Acute pancreatitis & its management in detail. Information is useful in practice although acute pancreatitis is quite rare
Acute pancreatitis
This document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that acute pancreatitis results in sudden upper abdominal pain due to pancreatic inflammation. Patients often present to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain. It requires hospital admission for medical management including fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, and pain management. Causes include gallstones, alcohol abuse, medications, infections, and trauma. Diagnosis involves elevated serum amylase and lipase levels as well as imaging tests like abdominal CT or MRI. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement, nutritional support, treating any infections, and pain control.
Differences between alcoholic fatty liver disease and non alcoholic nafld
Learn about the differences between alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Acute Pancreatitis
1. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe and involve other remote organ systems.
2. It is commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol abuse.
3. Symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal tenderness. Investigations include blood tests and imaging of the pancreas.
APPROACH TO HAEMATURIA
This document discusses the approach to hematuria in children. It begins by defining hematuria and describing different types. It then outlines the most common etiologies of glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria. The document emphasizes taking a thorough history and physical exam. It recommends investigations including urine analysis, blood work, imaging and potentially renal biopsy. Based on the cause, management may include reassurance, antibiotics, supportive care, monitoring, correcting complications, addressing underlying issues like calculi, or surgical intervention for conditions like tumors or obstructions. The overall approach involves diagnosing the cause of hematuria through history, exam, testing and using targeted management strategies.
Acute pancreatitis
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis including its anatomy, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, management, and complications. Some key points:
- Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe. Gallstones and alcohol are common causes.
- Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Physical exam may reveal abdominal tenderness while blood tests can show elevated pancreatic enzymes.
- CT scan is the best imaging method and can identify complications like pancreatic necrosis. Prognosis is predicted by Ranson's criteria or the Balthazar CT severity index.
- Mild cases are treated with fluids and pain management while severe cases require
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Acute pancreatitis : Definition, Diagnosis and Management
Acute pancreatitis : Definition, Diagnosis and Management
Differences between alcoholic fatty liver disease and non alcoholic nafld
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Similar to Pancreatitis trial deck
Acute pancreatitis
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis including its anatomy, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, severity assessment, treatment, and complications. Some key points:
- The pancreas is located in the retroperitoneum and has a head, neck, body and tail supplied by various arteries and veins.
- Acute pancreatitis is defined as inflammation of the pancreas with abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. Common causes include gallstones, alcohol use, and hyperlipidemia.
- Inflammation occurs when pancreatic enzymes prematurely activate within the pancreas, causing injury. Systemic complications can develop depending on severity.
- Diagnosis involves history, exam, and lab tests
Git j club ap16.
This document provides information on acute pancreatitis including:
- Etiology is often gallstones or alcohol use. Other causes include drugs, genetics, obesity, and diabetes.
- Diagnosis requires abdominal pain consistent with pancreatitis plus serum lipase or amylase 3x upper limit and findings on imaging. CT scan is useful for assessing severity.
- Treatment involves aggressive IV fluids, monitoring for complications, enteral nutrition, and antibiotics only if infection is present. Severe cases may require endoscopic or minimally invasive drainage of pancreatic fluid and necrosis.
- Complications include pancreatic pseudocysts, abscesses, and sterile or infected pancreatic necrosis. Severity is classified based on organ failure
Acute pancreatitis.pptx
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis, including its pathophysiology, grading, phases, epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, findings, investigations, severity assessments, management, complications, and follow up. Acute pancreatitis results from premature activation of pancreatic enzymes causing autodigestion and inflammation. It can range from mild interstitial inflammation to severe necrotizing pancreatitis with multi-organ failure and high mortality. Management involves fluid resuscitation, monitoring for organ failure, nutritional support, antibiotics for severe cases, and urgent ERCP for gallstone pancreatitis with ongoing biliary obstruction.
Etiology and Management of Acute Pancreatitis.pptx
A useful slide for postgraduate general surgery residents about Acute Pancreatitis.
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis involves reversible injury to the pancreas and can range from mild to severe, with severe cases involving organ failure. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by irreversible damage to the pancreas that typically causes pain and loss of pancreatic function over time. Treatment for acute pancreatitis depends on severity and may involve hospitalization, IV fluids, monitoring for organ failure, and antibiotics for severe cases. Treatment for chronic pancreatitis focuses on pain management, treating complications, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that ranges from mild to severe. It is most often caused by gallstones or heavy alcohol use. A patient presents with acute upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back. Laboratory tests show elevated pancreatic enzymes and imaging can identify gallstones or complications. Severity is assessed by the presence of organ failure or local complications like necrosis. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation and management of complications. The Ranson criteria uses factors at admission and within 48 hours to predict severe acute pancreatitis.
Pancreatitis
This document provides an overview of pancreatitis, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, workup, severity scoring systems, treatment, prognosis, and complications. It defines acute and chronic pancreatitis and describes the reversible inflammation of the pancreas that occurs in acute pancreatitis. Key points include that the annual incidence is 13-45 per 100,000 people, the pathophysiology involves premature activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas rather than the intestines, and treatment depends on the severity but generally involves IV rehydration and pain management for mild cases and more aggressive monitoring and support in an ICU for severe cases.
Acute pancreatitis
1) Acute pancreatitis is defined as an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of other tissues. It is diagnosed when a patient presents with abdominal pain consistent with the disease as well as serum amylase or lipase levels over three times the upper limit of normal.
2) Common causes of acute pancreatitis include gallstones, alcohol use, hypertriglyceridemia, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), trauma, postoperative complications, and certain drugs.
3) Management involves adequate hydration, analgesia, monitoring for organ failure, cautious administration of fluids and insulin, and consideration of endoscopic procedures or surgery in severe cases with complications like necrosis
Acute Pancreatitis
1. Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that presents with abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. Gallstones and alcohol are the most common causes.
2. The pathogenesis involves premature activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas due to obstruction of pancreatic ducts or direct injury to acinar cells. This leads to autodigestion of the pancreas.
3. Management involves hydration, pain control, treating complications, and considering surgery for gallstone pancreatitis to prevent recurrence.
lec 3 rd year pancreatitis.pptx
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis can be mild or severe, with severe cases having pancreatic necrosis, organ failure, and higher mortality. Chronic pancreatitis causes irreversible damage and loss of exocrine and endocrine function over time. Gallstones and alcohol are leading causes. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis involves blood tests of pancreatic enzymes and CT scan. Management focuses on supportive care, treating underlying causes, and addressing complications like organ failure.
Acute pancreatitis
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This document discusses the approach to patients with pancreatic diseases, including acute and chronic pancreatitis. It begins with definitions of incidence and diagnostic tests used. It then describes the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, management, and complications of acute pancreatitis. Etiology of recurrent pancreatitis is discussed. Chronic pancreatitis is defined, and its pathophysiology, imaging, treatment, and complications are outlined. Throughout, key definitions from the Revised Atlanta Classification are provided to stage and characterize pancreatic conditions.
chronic pancreatitis.ppt
This document describes a case of chronic pancreatitis in a 49-year-old man presenting with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. Imaging showed pancreatic calcification and an enlarged pancreas. Laboratory tests revealed elevated liver enzymes and lipase during pain attacks. A Whipple procedure found chronic pancreatitis on histology. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by recurrent pancreatitis or permanent pancreatic damage causing pain or maldigestion. Causes include alcohol use, genetics, or idiopathic factors. Management involves pain control, pancreatic enzyme supplements, and treating complications such as pseudocysts or malnutrition.
acutepancreatitis-160326205412.pdf
Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that results from premature activation of pancreatic enzymes within the pancreas. Common causes include gallstones, alcohol use, and elevated triglycerides. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis is based on elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. Treatment focuses on supportive care including pain management, intravenous fluids, and nutritional support. Complications can include pancreatic necrosis, pseudocyst formation, and multi-organ failure. Management of severe cases may require endoscopic or surgical intervention.
acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is a condition where pancreatic enzymes leak into the pancreas and cause its auto-digestion. Common causes include gallstones, alcohol use, and idiopathic factors. Patients present with epigastric pain radiating to the back that is exacerbated by eating or lying down. Lab tests show elevated pancreatic enzymes and imaging shows changes to the pancreas. Treatment is supportive with NPO, IV fluids, pain control and monitoring for complications like necrosis, pseudocysts, shock and respiratory failure. Severe cases may require ERCP, surgery or drainage procedures.
Pancreatitis - Acute & Chronic - Types, C/F & Mgt
This topic is very important for an MBBS Students as it is one of the common cases a Medical Officer will come across during their Surgical Postings. Moreover it is always a Debate in treating the patient either an Physician or a Surgeon...Always it is one of the Devastating conditions of abdomen...
Acute GI bleed
A 72-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with coffee ground emesis and melena. Laboratory tests showed a hemoglobin of 8.1. Physical exam found melenic stool. The patient has a history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and recent myocardial infarction. This suggests a diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, which will require endoscopy, medication treatment including PPIs and antibiotics, and possible blood transfusion or surgery.
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Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of hospitalization. It has various causes including gallstones and alcohol use. It involves inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe. In severe cases, it has a mortality rate of up to 80% if not properly managed in the first 24 hours. Key aspects of management include IV fluids, pain relief, considering antibiotics in certain situations, early nutritional support preferably through enteral feeding, and evaluating any complications through imaging such as CT scan. Scoring systems can help determine prognosis.
Acute pancreatitis 2013 update
a simplified approach to diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis based on 2013 update from ASG ( American Society of Gastroenterology ).
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Etiology and Management of Acute Pancreatitis.pptx
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4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
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Pancreatitis trial deck
- 1. Acute Pancreatitis Trial slide deck
- 2. Diagnosis • Requires the presences of two of the following three criteria: • Acute onset of persistent, severe epigastric pain • Elevation in lipase or amylase to > 3 times the upper limit of normal • Findings of acute pancreatitis on imaging • In patients with characteristic epigastric pain and elevation in lipase/amylase >3 times normal, no imaging is required for diagnosis • Lipase elevations occur earlier and last longer than amylase; more sensitive in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (parenchyma is unable to produce amylase in EtOH pancreatitis)
- 3. Other causes for elevation in lipase • Renal failure • Acute cholecystitis • Bowel obstruction or infarction • Duodenal ulceration • Pancreatic tumors • DKA • HIV • Post-ERCP/trauma • Celiac disease • Idiopathic
- 4. Findings of acute pancreatitis on imaging Heterogenous appearance of the pancreas (arrow) and peripancreatic fat stranding (arrowhead) Homogenous pancreatic enhancement (arrow) and peripancreatic necrosis (arrowhead)