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Pakistan studies First Military Regime And The Second Republic 1958-69
The Ayub Khan era marked Pakistan's first military regime and significant political changes from 1958 to 1969, following the failure of the 1956 constitution. Ayub established a new presidential system with a centralized autocratic government under the 1962 constitution, aiming to address previous political inefficiencies but leading to a lack of political legitimacy. Ultimately, his regime faced downfall due to various internal and external pressures, indicating a shift from an administrative state back toward a political one.
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Pakistan studies First Military Regime And The Second Republic 1958-69
- 1. Ayub Khan Era FirstMilitary Regime And The Second Republic 1958-69
- 2. Introduction • The AyubMartial Law opened a new era for the process of development and change in the politics of Pakistan
- 3. Failure of 1956Constitution and advent of Martial Law by General Muhammad Ayub Khan
- 4. • 1956 Constitutioncreated a parliamentary democracy but failed because of many defects which are as follows: 1. PM was to be appointed by the president in his own discretion 2. President could dismiss the PM 3. Pakistan became prey to legitimacy crisis
- 5. 4. Absence ofleadership 5. Inexperienced politicians without support of majority 6. Unpopularity of The Muslim League 7. Emergence of many political parties 8. Political system based on personal and parochial lines. 9. There was no political conviction.
- 6. Advent of AyubKhan and 1962 Constitution • Presidential system • Federal form with one unit • Uni-cameral legislature • Judiciary • Ideological council • Directive principles of state policy • Fundamental rights • BD system
- 7. BD System Division Council(16) Chairman: Commissioner Members: Half elected and half officials District Council (78) Chairman: DC Memebrs: Half elected and half official
- 8. Wards Rural: Thana orTahsil Council Chairman: SDO/AC/ Tahsil officer Members: Elected Urban Cantonment board Chairman: officer Members: half ( Ch. of comtt) half officers Municipal committee Chairman: officer Members: half ( Ch. of comtt) half officers Union Council or Town Committee Chairman: Elected Members: 10-15 Elected Union Committee Chairman: Elected Members: 15-20 Elected
- 9. 1962 Constitution: Thesecond Republic President and his Cabinet Federal Public service committee Planning commission National Assembly Judiciary Supreme Court Ideological Council BD Members 80000
- 10. Administrative Function NA PresidentCenter PA Governor Province Div Council Commissioner Division Dist Council Dy.Comm. District Tah/Union Council AC/SDO Sub-Division Elected by BDs Reporting to above authority
- 11. • Strong centralizedAutocratic Government • Not a Political State but an Administrative State • Downfall of Ayub Khan: Causes and Effects.
- 12.