Economy of Pakistan and Challenges by Zeeshan Raza Zeeshan Raza
It is about the Economy of Pakistan. including initial challenges and contemporary challenges. Also the five-year Economic plans of different phases and eras. my friend Munawar Hussain helped me a lot in making this PPT, his major contribution to it.
This Pakistan Studies presentation is created by the students of C@SE Islamabad and it gives an overview of the economic issues of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
The economy of Pakistan is the 24th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity, and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product
Economy of Pakistan and Challenges by Zeeshan Raza Zeeshan Raza
It is about the Economy of Pakistan. including initial challenges and contemporary challenges. Also the five-year Economic plans of different phases and eras. my friend Munawar Hussain helped me a lot in making this PPT, his major contribution to it.
This Pakistan Studies presentation is created by the students of C@SE Islamabad and it gives an overview of the economic issues of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
The economy of Pakistan is the 24th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity, and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product
The Brief and informative presentation about Pakistan Economic Issue and its solution
so The audience can easily understood to this presentation and can easily take the point of view of pakistan economy and the problems and their solutions
and also the Eras are included from sense the Independence of pakistan
Pakistan faces many challenges at the beginning of the second decade of the 21stcentury:
• Decades-long struggle with macroeconomic stabilisation arising from unsustainable fiscal policies
• Pressure of demography
• Legacy of economic distortions
• Battering from external events, including earthquakes, floods and a continuing
longstanding low intensity conflict
• A large and loss-making public sector that impedes market development
• Low and declining productivity
• Heightened expectations of the population for a better life from a democratic
government.
Our growth experience of the last four decades has been volatile annual growth and
declining trend in long run growth patterns. In addition, productivity growth (a
measure of efficiency) has been low in comparison to our comparators. For the last
four years per-capita incomes have not increased in real terms while double-digit
inflation has prevailed.
Economic challenges face by Pakistan"s economy and their solutions (1)Muhammad Zubair
After reading this chapter you will able to understand what are the economy issues face by Pakistan and what are the solutions to solve those economic issues.
Forms of Agriculture in Pakistan
Natural and Human Factors Affecting the Production of Crops
Factors which affect Livestock Farming
Describe Fish Farms
Marine, Inland and Farm fishes
Role of Agriculture in Producing Resources for Economic Development of Pakistan
Pattern of Modernization in Agriculture with Reference of Green Revolution (1958-1969)
Problems Faced by Agricultural Sector in Pakistan
Remedies for the Problems of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan
Agricultural Map of Pakistan
Social and Economic problems in PakistanHareem_syed
Talks about the residing problems Pakistan is currently facing like shortage of electricity, unemployment and terrorism. The information in the slides is supported by statistical data.
Advantages and disadvantes of foreign aid to developmentBaseera Hashmi
There is no doubt that today’s world is more affluent and has more advanced technology than ever before ,however, there are famine, pollution, water shortages and development problems in dozens of countries. In that case, many countries and organizations are supplying aid and supporting undeveloped countries. Ordinary people who live in rich countries also have greater awareness of helping their infrastructural development. Food, technological, educational aids have become an accepted policy of advanced countries to assist in furthering the development of the human and material resources of poor countries.
Unfortunately, problems were misdiagnosed or not foreseen. It is no good taking over the aid of foreign countries uncritically. Moreover, foreign aid would make undeveloped countries lose their economy, market and other area’s independence. At the same time, as a kind of political exchange, undeveloped countries have to obey new rules which created by developed countries and further to be vassal states again. Nowadays, most countries in the world have not finished the progress of being industrialized.
The Brief and informative presentation about Pakistan Economic Issue and its solution
so The audience can easily understood to this presentation and can easily take the point of view of pakistan economy and the problems and their solutions
and also the Eras are included from sense the Independence of pakistan
Pakistan faces many challenges at the beginning of the second decade of the 21stcentury:
• Decades-long struggle with macroeconomic stabilisation arising from unsustainable fiscal policies
• Pressure of demography
• Legacy of economic distortions
• Battering from external events, including earthquakes, floods and a continuing
longstanding low intensity conflict
• A large and loss-making public sector that impedes market development
• Low and declining productivity
• Heightened expectations of the population for a better life from a democratic
government.
Our growth experience of the last four decades has been volatile annual growth and
declining trend in long run growth patterns. In addition, productivity growth (a
measure of efficiency) has been low in comparison to our comparators. For the last
four years per-capita incomes have not increased in real terms while double-digit
inflation has prevailed.
Economic challenges face by Pakistan"s economy and their solutions (1)Muhammad Zubair
After reading this chapter you will able to understand what are the economy issues face by Pakistan and what are the solutions to solve those economic issues.
Forms of Agriculture in Pakistan
Natural and Human Factors Affecting the Production of Crops
Factors which affect Livestock Farming
Describe Fish Farms
Marine, Inland and Farm fishes
Role of Agriculture in Producing Resources for Economic Development of Pakistan
Pattern of Modernization in Agriculture with Reference of Green Revolution (1958-1969)
Problems Faced by Agricultural Sector in Pakistan
Remedies for the Problems of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan
Agricultural Map of Pakistan
Social and Economic problems in PakistanHareem_syed
Talks about the residing problems Pakistan is currently facing like shortage of electricity, unemployment and terrorism. The information in the slides is supported by statistical data.
Advantages and disadvantes of foreign aid to developmentBaseera Hashmi
There is no doubt that today’s world is more affluent and has more advanced technology than ever before ,however, there are famine, pollution, water shortages and development problems in dozens of countries. In that case, many countries and organizations are supplying aid and supporting undeveloped countries. Ordinary people who live in rich countries also have greater awareness of helping their infrastructural development. Food, technological, educational aids have become an accepted policy of advanced countries to assist in furthering the development of the human and material resources of poor countries.
Unfortunately, problems were misdiagnosed or not foreseen. It is no good taking over the aid of foreign countries uncritically. Moreover, foreign aid would make undeveloped countries lose their economy, market and other area’s independence. At the same time, as a kind of political exchange, undeveloped countries have to obey new rules which created by developed countries and further to be vassal states again. Nowadays, most countries in the world have not finished the progress of being industrialized.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
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5 year plans of pakistan by brands academyBrands Academy
Brand Academy provides details brand analysis, research, article and insights for free.
Contact us :
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Pakistan Five Year Development PlansSince 1955 to 2010An Overview
Introduction
Almost all five-year plans prepared during political or military regimes were shelved in the country’s history after regime change and none of them succeeded in getting the desired results.
Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy, which mainly encompasses textiles, chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries.
The economy has suffered in the past from decades of internal political
disputes, a fast growing population and ongoing confrontation with
neighboring India.
Pakistan's average economic growth rate since independence has been higher than the average growth rate of the world economy during the period.
Average annual real GDP growth rates were 6.8% in the 1960s, 4.8% in the 1970s, and 6.5% in the 1980s. Average annual growth fell to 4.6% in the 1990s with significantly lower growth in the second half of that decade.
Introduction
Two wars with India, in Second Kashmir War 1965 and Bangladesh Liberation War 1971 and separation of Bangladesh adversely affected economic growth. In particular, the latter war brought the economy close to recession, although economic output rebounded sharply until the nationalizations of the mid-1970s.
Pakistan is aggressively cutting tariffs and assisting exports by improving ports, roads, electricity supplies and irrigation projects. Islamabad has doubled development spending from about 2% of GDP in the 1990s to 4% in 2003, a necessary step towards reversing the broad underdevelopment of its social sector.
First Five Year Plan (1955-1960) Highlights
Targets
Emphasis mainly on achieving high national income.
The First Plan was implemented within certain obvious handicaps and limitations and its release was delayed by two Years.
In practice, this plan was not implemented, however, mainly because political instability led to a neglect of economic policy, but government, Deputy Chairman Planning Board (Commission) Said Hassan announces the plan in 1957.
The development expenditures were regarded as the foundation for rapid progress in the future and plans explicitly affirmed that some sectors of the economy must be expanded much more rapidly than others in order to secure maximum gains.
The size of the First Plan initially was Rs. 11.5 billion which was revised and decreased to 10.8 billion out of which Rs. 750 million for the public sector and Rs. 3.3 billion for the private sector was allocated. Of the total plan amount of Rs. 6.6 billion from the internal sources and R.s 4.2 billion was to be achieve from the foreign sources in the form of loans and aid.
First Five Year Plan (1955-1960) Highlights
Achievements/Failure
In this report the topics are:
Introduction, An Overview
Challenges to Economy of Pakistan are War on terror, We consume more and save less, Poor academic set-up, Energy crisis, Inadequate exports, Inflation, Lack of tourism, Government spends more than it earns as revenues, Our share in the world trade is shrinking, Corruption, Kashmir issue, We badly lag in social indicators, Trade, Investment failing, Political stability, law and order, Poor use of natural resources, Poverty, We face energy and water shortages, Poor governance, Uncertainty and unpredictability due to lack of continuity
And Recommendations and solutions are:
To Improve Economy, Technology, Taxation, Governance, devolution and decentralization, Energy crisis, Private sector, Government should utilize the resources well, Stakeholders in the Pakistani, Possible solutions of Energy Crisis in Pakistan, Impacts of law and order situation on economy, Natural resources, Lack of tourism, Illiteracy, Change in national psyche and mind set, Inflation, Low export and high Import, Technology, Energy solutions and climate change, Conclusion, Bibliography.
In this presentation, I am gonna tell you about Pakistan's economy it's crises, sources and it's possible solutions and the valid sources from where I prepared my presentation up to 2k19
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
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when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
3. Topics Included
Importance of Economy
An overview of Pakistan’s economy
Challenges to Pakistan’s economy
Solutions to improve the economy
Debts on Pakistan
Aid to Pakistan
Role of CPEC
4. Why is economy important?
• The economy is an indicator of development and sustainability.
• A good economy ensures better chances of survival and development or a
state.
• If we understand the cycles and system in Economics, we can better
understand how to manage our money and society!
5. A comparison
Pakistan
So if we measure in relation to where
the structure of economy, agriculture
has come down from 50% to 20%.
Within agriculture sector, there is a
change i.e. major crops are only 36%
of agriculture value added and 14%
are minor crops, fisheries, orchards,
fruits and vegetables. Thus, we are
moving in a direction where the same
land and same resources are being
used more efficiently in order to
produce more.
U.S.A
. As a contrast, agriculture is only
2.5% in the US having a population of
300 million, out of which they not only
feed the entire population, but also
export to the rest of the world.
Therefore, it is important to
understand that when it is said that
agriculture is producing/contributing
more, it is the productivity of
agriculture rather than the share of
agriculture in GDP.
6. Agriculture
.
it contributes about 25% of total GDP, which is larger than other sectors of Pakistan.
Now agriculture is the 3rd largest sector of contributing to GDP. Live stock and fisheries are the huge sector
of agriculture in order to providing the employment. Employment contribute to GDP, it is as with the increase
in employment the per capita income will increase which results to increase in GDP rate of the economy.
Major exports or cash crops of Pakistan are wheat, rice and cotton. These agricultural foreign exchange is
utilized for the import of industrial or technological equicommodities are exported to various countries against
foreign exchange. This pments such as machinery or automobiles.
7. Agriculture
RICE
Pakistan is the third largest exporter of rice in the world
The country earned $1.860 billion by exporting rice during the financial year 2015/16 as compared
to the exports in the corresponding period of the last year.
4 largest country exporter
However, rice exports witnessed decrease of 8.60 percent during the financial year 2015/16, as its
exports were recorded at 3,861,406 metric tons, valuing $2.035 billion during the financial year
2014/15
Cotton and textile
Pakistan is also one of the five major textile producing countries in the world.
491,091 bales were exported during the 2015–16 season, an increase from 474,006 bales in
2014–15. cotton accounts for 55 percent of country's export earnings, and Pakistan has a 14%
share of the world's cloth exports.[4] The European Union (EU) granted Generalized System of
Preferences "Plus" status to Pakistan in 2013, which has promoted textile exports to the EU.[
8. Agriculture
Fishing
Fishing area coastline of about 814 km
With an export quantity of 19,964 tons, this commodity contributed
18.194 million USD to our national income
Farming
export large amount of meat and milk, about $63.93million export
every year
9. cement
The cement sector consisting of 27 plants is contributing above Rs 30 billion to
the national exchequer in the form of taxes. However, by 2013, Pakistan's cement
is fast-growing mainly because of demand from Afghanistan and countries
boosting real estate sector, In 2014 Pakistan exported 7,708,557 metric ton of
cement. Pakistan has installed capacity of 44,768,250 metric tons of cement and
42,636,428 metric tons of clinker. In the 2012–2013 cement industry in Pakistan
became the most profitable sector of economy.
Telecom
There were 145 million mobile phone users in Pakistan in 2015,
Telecom industry created of 80,000 jobs directly and 500,000 jobs
indirectly.
10. Manufacturing and Industry
Manufacturing and industry now account for 25% of the income; when we
recall there was not even a single industry worth its name at the time of
partition.
So if we look where we were and where we are, I think the justification for
Pakistan in terms of betterment of economic conditions of Muslims in this
part is very strong.
But, we have not lived up to our potential. We can do much better than
this.
11. Where are we lagging behind?
In 1969, Pakistan exports of manufactured goods were higher than the
combined exports of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.
In 1960’s Korea emulated Pakistan in its five years planning process.
But, The tragedy is that even a country such as Vietnam which was
completely devastated by the war has now overtaken Pakistan.
Ten years ago, India which was way behind Pakistan (till 1990’s) is now
way ahead.
Pakistan gave $10 crore to japan for development in 1963
12. Challenges to Pakistan’s Economy
We Import More and Export Less.
We Consume More and Save Less.
Government Spends More than it Earns as Revenues
Our Share in the World Trade is Shrinking
We Face Energy and Water Shortages
Crisis of Governance and Implementation Weaknesses
Political Stability, Law and Order/Security
13. Challenges to Pakistan economy
1. We Consume More and Save Less.
Out of every hundred rupees of our national income, we consume 85
rupees and save only 15 rupees.
Pakistan’s saving rate is 6%. We need at least 24-25% investment rate to
grow, and if we want to rely on domestic savings, your saving rate should
be 25%.
India has 34% saving rates. While China’s saving rate is 50%.
14. Challenges
2. We Import More and Export Less.
Till 2007-2008, 80% of our imports were financed by our export earnings.
This ratio has come down to only 50%, it may go up to 60% but a gap of
40% of financing needs in order to keep with the import level still exists.
We have to change the attitude of preferring the imported goods in order to
fill in the gap b/w our imports and exports.
15. Challenges
3. Government Spends More than it Earns as Revenues.
Pakistan’s government takes away 20% of national income as its own.
80% is left in the private sector and 20% in the hands of the government is
spent on defence, debt servicing, development on education, health,
general administration etc.
The revenue generated is only 15% of the GDP at best, and in the worst
days it is 12 to 13%.
Out of the every rupee of income received by a Pakistani, on average, tax
paid is only 9 paisas and 91 paisas remain with the individual.
16. Challenges
In 2007-2008, Pakistan’s fiscal deficit was more than 7% which means its
income or revenues were only 13% of GDP whereas, expenditures were 20%.
Therefore, fiscal deficits have to be financed from somewhere, so how do you
finance them; you either go again begging the external donors, or to the State
bank of Pakistan.
The financing provided by the State bank of Pakistan is dangerous because it
creates high inflation in the economy, which is injurious to the middle class,
those earning fixed wages and salaries, and the poor.
Therefore, there is an uproar in the country if the inflation rate goes up. In
1999, our Debt to GDP ratio was 100%, which means that the entire national
income was pledged as debt.
So Pakistan is way below the norm for developing countries.
17. Challenges
4. Our Share in the World Trade is Shrinking.
In 1990, Pakistan’s share was 0.2% of the world trade.
After 20 years it has come down to 0.12% in a very buoyant world
economy.
World trade has been growing faster as compared to the world output.
India in the same period had doubled its share from 0.7% to 1.4%, while
Pakistan is going the other way and that is the reason why exports/imports
imbalance is increasing.
All our exports are to a few markets – the USA, EU and the Middle East.
18. Challenges
5. We Badly Lag in Social Indicators
One of the most glaring weaknesses is that a country like Pakistan that
should have had best indicators in literacy, infant mortality, fertility rates, in
access to water supply, in primary enrolment ratios has social indicators
which are more comparable to Africa rather than to the countries of similar
per capita income.
Even Tajikistan, which is a very poor country, has better literacy rate and
primary enrolment ratios than Pakistan.
Pakistan spends just 2% and 2.6% of its GDP on education and health
respectively, making it the lowest in South Asia.
19. Challenges
6. We Face Energy and Water Shortages.
Another challenge we face today is energy and water shortages, and that
is not because we are not generating enough electricity or we are not
having enough water. With the losses of KESC from the point it has
generated to the point they realize the billing is 45%, so 55% people are
paying for those who are stealing the electricity. Government of Pakistan
out of its own limited resources is paying 200 billion rupees every year as
subsidies for electricity.
No additional dams have been constructed since Tarbela in 1974. We have
water course losses of about 20-25%. Even then, the water is unequally
distributed.
The productivity of poor farmer is only one ton per acre as compared to 3
tons by large holders
20. Challenges
7. Political InStability, Law and Order/Security. The overall arching
theme is that for a robust economy we should have political stability, law
and order and security.
Until country has gotten rid of the image of political instability, poor law
and order situation and insecurity, where investors from all over the world
hesitate from coming to Pakistan and invest, we will not be able to make
any progress in this country.
21. Conclusion
Pakistan and its people has a lot of potential and we are blessed with a
whole lot of natural resources.
If the government plans wisely, and the people work hard, the economy of
Pakistan can be taken to a whole new level.
22. Lets Revise the steps that we need
to follow
We must Change in National Psyche and Mindset.
Building up of Human Capital
Improve the use of Technology.
Develop more and qualified Young Labor Force.
23. CPEC
Pakistan is the second largest trading partner of China in South Asia; the
trade volume stands at US $ 19 billion.[30] According to data released by
the State Bank of Pakistan, the country received US $ 975.4 million as FDI
during July-March 2015/16 as compared to the US $ 832.2 million in the
corresponding period of last fiscal year.[31] The FDI from China grew by
167 percent to US $ 516 million during July-March 2015/16 as compared
to the US $ 193.3 million in the corresponding period of the last fiscal
year.[32]
The production of 10,000 megawatts of energy under the CPEC would
help overcome the energy crisis by 2018 as well as upgrade the existing
road network of the country.”[34
24. Terrorism
Though the total economic loss sustained by Pakistan due to War on
Terrorism since 9/11 rose to $107 billion, the yearly losses from terrorism
declined by a third to $4.5 billion in the outgoing fiscal year,
negative growth during the period July-March FY 2014-15 over
corresponding period of last year includes Wood Product declined by
78.46 percent, Engineering Products 10.68 percent, Paper and Board 7.26
percent, Food Beverage and Tobacco 1.03 percent and Rubber products
0.56 percent.
25.
26. Aid to pakistan
A number of media reports state that the U.S. gave Pakistan $1.5 billion
dollars in aid last year. Other media reports quoting Congressional
estimates suggest the U.S. gave $18 billion to $19 billion to Pakistan since
9/11.
In total, the United States obligated nearly $78.3 billion to Pakistan
between 1948 and 2016 in constant 2016 Dollar
united Kingdom has pledged £665 million to Pakistan from 2009–2013
27.
28. Pakistani debts
42% of Pakistan’s overall debt, amounting to $50 billion, is going to mature in 2016
Worryingly, since the loan in 2013, Pakistan’s debt due by the end of 2016 has risen
by a staggering 79%. Certain conditions of the loan, like the privatization of national
companies, have also faced opposition as evidenced by the strike at PIA.
External Debt in Pakistan increased to 72978 USD Million in the second
quarter of 2016 from 69558 USD Million in the first quarter of 2016. External
Debt in Pakistan averaged 50697.07 USD Million from 2002 until 2016, reaching
an all time high of 72978 USD Million in the second quarter of 2016 and a
record low of 33172 USD Million in the third quarter of 2004. External Debt in
Pakistan is reported by the State Bank of Pakistan.
29. Pakistan’s total debt exceeds 18 thousand trillion
Interest per Year
₨549,910,058,638
Interest per Second
₨17,438
Debt per Citizen
₨31,397
Debt as % of GDP
55.85%
GDP
₨10,496,044,457,520
Population
186,700,000