The Paris Agreement was a landmark international agreement to combat climate change. 196 countries gathered in Paris in December 2015 and agreed to work together to limit the rise in global temperatures to well below 2°C. Key aspects of the agreement included establishing commitments by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through nationally determined contributions, creating a transparency system to track progress, and providing funding to help developing countries mitigate and adapt to climate change. The agreement aimed to strengthen global response to climate change through ambitious climate action over the coming years and decades.

1. Paris Agreement

2. Introduction
• With the recent terrorist attacks on 13 November 2015 in the capital city of France, Paris, it
successfully hosted the world’s biggest summit regarding climate change, just after 15 days.
Thus, we should congratulate and have high respect for the Government of France.
• Recently, Conference of the Parties (COP 21) took place in the outskirts of capital city of
France at Le Bourget. COP is held under the UN Body, UNFCCC.

3. • It was held from 30th Nov 2015 to 12th Dec 2015. on the first two days, each leader of the
country expressed their views.
• COP was divided in three areas, Conference centre, Climate generation areas and third is
Business representatives.
• Due to human activities, the green house gases have increased to such an acute level that it
has threatened our very existence.
• 196 countries had gathered in Paris for an Universal agreement to work together towards
restricting the rise in temperature.

4. Side Events
• Apart from the main conference of COP 21, there were several side events happening
simultaneously.
• Side events and exhibits were established as a platform for admitted observer
organisations that have limited speaking opportunities, to engage the parties and other
participants for knowledge sharing, capacity building, networking and exploring actions
for meeting the climate challenge”.

5. Side Events
Theses consists of mainly three things:
1. Thematic days – Under this, different kinds of days were celebrated like, Farmers Day,
Gender Day, Young and Future Generation Day etc
2. LPAA (Lima-Paris Action Agenda) – It is aimed at strengthening climate action
throughout 2015, in Paris in December and beyond.
3. Pavilions, others and outside events - Beside the official side events coordinated by the
UNFCCC secretariat, Paris and Observer organizations often organize their own events
relating to the climate change negotiation process within different pavilions and outside
the conference premises. Eg: Indian Pavilion, German Pavilion, China pavilions, Japan
pavilion, Cultural heritage.

7. Important Points in the Agreement
1. Differentiation- which served to separate Parties between those considered at the time
to be developed countries, developing countries, and economies in transition.
2. Long-Term Goal - Its goal is to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5
degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.
3. Mitigation- The Paris Agreement establishes binding commitments by all Parties to
prepare, communicate and maintain a nationally determined contribution (NDC) and to
pursue domestic measures to achieve them.

8. 4. Carbon Markets - Carbon markets incentivize climate action by enabling parties to
trade carbon credits generated by the reduction or removal of GHGs from the atmosphere
5. Transparency and Support - The purpose of the framework for transparency of support
is to provide clarity on support provided and received by relevant individual Parties in the
context of climate change actions, and to provide a full overview of aggregate financial
support provided.

9. 6. Finance - Financial support from developed countries has been one key issue of greatest
concern to developing countries
7. Adaptation- The Paris Agreement establishes a global goal on adaptation –
of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to
climate change in the context of the temperature goal of the Agreement.
8. Loss and Damage - Loss and damage can result from both extreme weather events
likes cyclones, droughts and heatwaves, as well as slow-onset changes such as sea level
rise, desertification, glacial retreat, land degradation, ocean acidification and salinization.