Par JULIEN G. – Le samedi 13 novembre 2021, la COP26 a adopté un "pacte de Glasgow" destiné à accélérer la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, mais sans assurer de le contenir à 1,5°C ni répondre aux demandes d'aide des pays pauvres. La Cop 26 restera aussi comme un Davos bis avec ses 400 atterrissages de jets privés avec une présence américaine frappante.
COP26 Draft Agreement on how to reach Paris Agreement net-zero emission targets.Dawid Hanak
This document contains a draft decision proposed by the President of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA). It addresses several key issues:
1) It emphasizes the importance of multilateralism and international cooperation to implement the Paris Agreement ambition.
2) It acknowledges impacts of COVID-19 and calls for a sustainable, resilient, and inclusive global recovery with support for developing countries.
3) It contains sections on adaptation, adaptation finance, mitigation, finance for mitigation and adaptation, loss and damage, and implementation - calling for increased climate action and support in these areas based on the best available science.
4) It welcomes commitments made
2.1b nap sdg i frame overview june 2018 set 2NAP Events
The document presents an Integrative Framework for aligning National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It describes how the objectives of NAPs and the global goal on adaptation in the Paris Agreement relate to sustainable development. The framework identifies SDG targets related to climate change adaptation and classifies them as high-level objectives, specific outcomes, or guiding principles. It then outlines steps to develop a country-specific list of development goals and targets from the SDGs and other frameworks to assess systems vulnerable to climate hazards and implement adaptation actions that achieve both development and adaptation goals.
Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet and thus requires the widest possible cooperation by all countries, and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions, and need for reductions in global emissions as a common concern of humankind, World Leaders in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C,
Also emphasizing that enhanced pre‐2020 ambition can lay a solid foundation for enhanced post‐2020 ambition,
Stressing the urgency of accelerating the implementation of the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol in order to enhance pre-2020 ambition.Draft agreement is as Annexture to
FCCC/CP/2015/L.9
1) The document presents a draft agreement for an international climate change accord. It includes articles on mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology development, capacity building, transparency, compliance, and other issues.
2) Key provisions include requiring parties to communicate and pursue progressively more ambitious emissions reduction targets, and establishing transparency requirements for mitigation actions and support provided.
3) The draft establishes a compliance mechanism and requires regular global stocktakes to assess collective progress towards meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Executive Summary- UNEP Emission Gap Report 2021: The Heat is OnEnergy for One World
1. Following a 5.4% drop in 2020 due to COVID-19, global CO2 emissions are rebounding in 2021 and are expected to be only slightly lower than pre-pandemic levels in 2019. Concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere continue to rise despite the 2020 drop.
2. New climate pledges for 2030 show some progress but their aggregate effect on reducing global emissions is insufficient, reducing emissions only 7.5% by 2030 compared to a 30% reduction needed to limit warming to 2°C.
3. As a group, G20 countries are not on track to achieve either their original or new 2030 pledges, requiring stronger policies. Ten G20
This document summarizes the draft agreement and decision from the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris. Key points include:
- The Ad Hoc Working Group agreed to transmit the draft agreement text to COP21 for further consideration. The text includes a draft agreement and draft decision.
- The draft agreement establishes the purpose of holding global temperature increase below 2°C and increasing adaptation abilities. It includes provisions for national climate commitments and a long-term decarbonization goal.
- The draft outlines that parties will communicate and implement successive national climate commitments to achieve the goals of the agreement. It establishes collective long-term mitigation aims and that individual parties will pursue domestic policies to implement
US-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020sEnergy for One World
The United States and China recognize the seriousness of the climate crisis based on scientific reports. They commit to tackling it through accelerated climate actions and cooperation under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C. Specifically, both countries intend to:
1) Cooperate on policies and technologies to reduce emissions such as electric vehicles and carbon capture.
2) Develop plans to significantly reduce methane emissions through measurement, policies, and research cooperation.
3) Collaborate on transitioning to renewable and efficient electricity including through supporting intermittent renewables and transmission.
Borrador del acuerdo de la conferencia del clima COP21 al 9 de diciembre. La Nacion Chile
This document contains a draft text for the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Key points include:
- The draft agreement text outlines the purpose, general provisions, mitigation efforts, adaptation efforts, and means of implementation.
- On mitigation, it discusses a collective long-term temperature goal and individual nationally determined contributions, with options for goals of below 1.5°C or 2°C.
- It emphasizes differentiation between developed and developing countries and recognition of common but differentiated responsibilities and capabilities.
- The draft remains unfinished with placeholder text and options still under negotiation particularly around specifics of mitigation efforts and support for developing countries.
COP26 Draft Agreement on how to reach Paris Agreement net-zero emission targets.Dawid Hanak
This document contains a draft decision proposed by the President of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA). It addresses several key issues:
1) It emphasizes the importance of multilateralism and international cooperation to implement the Paris Agreement ambition.
2) It acknowledges impacts of COVID-19 and calls for a sustainable, resilient, and inclusive global recovery with support for developing countries.
3) It contains sections on adaptation, adaptation finance, mitigation, finance for mitigation and adaptation, loss and damage, and implementation - calling for increased climate action and support in these areas based on the best available science.
4) It welcomes commitments made
2.1b nap sdg i frame overview june 2018 set 2NAP Events
The document presents an Integrative Framework for aligning National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It describes how the objectives of NAPs and the global goal on adaptation in the Paris Agreement relate to sustainable development. The framework identifies SDG targets related to climate change adaptation and classifies them as high-level objectives, specific outcomes, or guiding principles. It then outlines steps to develop a country-specific list of development goals and targets from the SDGs and other frameworks to assess systems vulnerable to climate hazards and implement adaptation actions that achieve both development and adaptation goals.
Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet and thus requires the widest possible cooperation by all countries, and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions, and need for reductions in global emissions as a common concern of humankind, World Leaders in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C,
Also emphasizing that enhanced pre‐2020 ambition can lay a solid foundation for enhanced post‐2020 ambition,
Stressing the urgency of accelerating the implementation of the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol in order to enhance pre-2020 ambition.Draft agreement is as Annexture to
FCCC/CP/2015/L.9
1) The document presents a draft agreement for an international climate change accord. It includes articles on mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology development, capacity building, transparency, compliance, and other issues.
2) Key provisions include requiring parties to communicate and pursue progressively more ambitious emissions reduction targets, and establishing transparency requirements for mitigation actions and support provided.
3) The draft establishes a compliance mechanism and requires regular global stocktakes to assess collective progress towards meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Executive Summary- UNEP Emission Gap Report 2021: The Heat is OnEnergy for One World
1. Following a 5.4% drop in 2020 due to COVID-19, global CO2 emissions are rebounding in 2021 and are expected to be only slightly lower than pre-pandemic levels in 2019. Concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere continue to rise despite the 2020 drop.
2. New climate pledges for 2030 show some progress but their aggregate effect on reducing global emissions is insufficient, reducing emissions only 7.5% by 2030 compared to a 30% reduction needed to limit warming to 2°C.
3. As a group, G20 countries are not on track to achieve either their original or new 2030 pledges, requiring stronger policies. Ten G20
This document summarizes the draft agreement and decision from the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris. Key points include:
- The Ad Hoc Working Group agreed to transmit the draft agreement text to COP21 for further consideration. The text includes a draft agreement and draft decision.
- The draft agreement establishes the purpose of holding global temperature increase below 2°C and increasing adaptation abilities. It includes provisions for national climate commitments and a long-term decarbonization goal.
- The draft outlines that parties will communicate and implement successive national climate commitments to achieve the goals of the agreement. It establishes collective long-term mitigation aims and that individual parties will pursue domestic policies to implement
US-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020sEnergy for One World
The United States and China recognize the seriousness of the climate crisis based on scientific reports. They commit to tackling it through accelerated climate actions and cooperation under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C. Specifically, both countries intend to:
1) Cooperate on policies and technologies to reduce emissions such as electric vehicles and carbon capture.
2) Develop plans to significantly reduce methane emissions through measurement, policies, and research cooperation.
3) Collaborate on transitioning to renewable and efficient electricity including through supporting intermittent renewables and transmission.
Borrador del acuerdo de la conferencia del clima COP21 al 9 de diciembre. La Nacion Chile
This document contains a draft text for the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Key points include:
- The draft agreement text outlines the purpose, general provisions, mitigation efforts, adaptation efforts, and means of implementation.
- On mitigation, it discusses a collective long-term temperature goal and individual nationally determined contributions, with options for goals of below 1.5°C or 2°C.
- It emphasizes differentiation between developed and developing countries and recognition of common but differentiated responsibilities and capabilities.
- The draft remains unfinished with placeholder text and options still under negotiation particularly around specifics of mitigation efforts and support for developing countries.
This document summarizes discussions from the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow. It acknowledges the urgent need to strengthen climate action and support for developing countries based on the latest science. Key points include: recognizing that impacts are already occurring at 1.1°C of warming; stressing the need to scale up adaptation funding and actions; welcoming increased pledges but noting more is needed, especially to double adaptation funding; and reaffirming commitments to limit warming to 1.5°C through deep global emissions reductions.
1. The Copenhagen Accord was agreed to by heads of state and governments at the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.
2. It recognizes the need to limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius and the scientific view that deep cuts in global emissions are required. It establishes goals for Annex I countries to implement emissions targets and developing countries to undertake mitigation actions.
3. Developed countries commit to provide $30 billion in fast-start climate financing for 2010-2012 and aim to mobilize $100 billion per year by 2020, to help developing countries take climate action. A Copenhagen Green Climate Fund will be established.
At un climate talks, china and the us pledge to increase cooperationaditi agarwal
The U.S. And China can even revive a working institution so one can meet regularly to deal with the climate disaster and strengthen the multilateral procedure
Summary report on the in-session workshop on long-term climate finance in 2014 Dr Lendy Spires
The document summarizes discussions from an in-session workshop on long-term climate finance held in 2014. It discusses strategies and approaches for scaling up climate finance from 2014 to 2020, including expected levels from different sources and policies to mobilize additional finance. It also examines cooperation on enabling environments, support for readiness activities, and developing country needs. Key topics included catalyzing private finance, integrating climate considerations into development plans, and ensuring a balance between adaptation and mitigation financing.
The document is Agenda 21, which was agreed upon at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. It contains 40 chapters that outline programs of action related to sustainable development.
Chapter 2 discusses international cooperation to accelerate sustainable development in developing countries. It calls for promoting sustainable development through trade, improving market access for developing country exports, and achieving sound and consistent commodity policies at national and international levels. The chapter's objectives are to promote an open and equitable multilateral trading system, improve access to developing country markets, improve commodity market functioning, and make economic growth and environmental protection mutually supportive.
The document summarizes the outcomes of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP 17) in Durban, South Africa from November 28 to December 11, 2011. Key outcomes included: establishing a second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol; agreeing to a process to negotiate a new legal agreement applicable to all countries by 2015; and operationalizing the Green Climate Fund to support climate action in developing countries. The conference saw progress on long-term cooperative climate action after difficulties in Copenhagen and efforts in Cancun to rescue the multilateral climate regime. However, concerns remained about whether commitments made would close the gap between emissions pledges and levels needed to avoid dangerous climate change impacts.
US National INtelligence Estimate: Climate change and international responseEnergy for One World
The document summarizes key judgments from an intelligence assessment on the national security impacts of climate change through 2040. It finds that:
1) Geopolitical tensions are likely to increase as countries argue over how to accelerate emissions reductions to meet Paris Agreement goals, including who is responsible for acting and paying. Countries will also compete over clean energy resources and technologies.
2) Physical effects of climate change, like reductions in Arctic sea ice, will exacerbate cross-border tensions as countries secure their interests, and there is a growing risk of conflicts over water and migration after 2030.
3) Developing countries will be most impacted by intensifying physical effects and have less ability to adapt, risking instability and
La COP di Lima si svolgerà in un continente formato da paesi in via di sviluppo che hanno già sperimentato gli effetti devastanti del cambiamento climatico attraverso inondazioni, fusione dei ghiacciai ed eventi meteorologici estremi. E’ anche un continente in cui sono state poste in essere azioni forti per affrontare il cambiamento climatico.
“Questo dovrebbe indurre tutti i paesi a essere pronti nel mettere da parte i propri interessi nazionali e agire nell'interesse del Pianeta ", conclude Midulla.
COP24 Poland Solidarity and Just Transition Silesia DeclarationEnergy for One World
The document is a declaration on solidarity and just transition that is scheduled to be adopted at COP24. It emphasizes that addressing climate change requires a transition to low-carbon economies and societies while ensuring a just transition of the workforce through decent work and quality jobs. It recognizes the specific needs of developing countries and sectors most affected by the transition. The declaration stresses the importance of social dialogue and participatory processes to support workers and communities during the transition to low-emissions development.
This document provides information about waste management training. It discusses Agenda 21, a framework for sustainable development adopted in 1992 that encourages local communities to create Local Agenda 21 plans. Local Agenda 21 involves citizens in developing and implementing sustainable development strategies through a participatory process. The document also discusses waste collection systems in Austria and polymer recycling technology, including methods for identifying and sorting different types of plastics for recycling.
This document summarizes 164 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) representing 191 parties to the Paris Agreement. The key points are:
1) The NDCs cover 93.1% of global emissions in 2019 and include both mitigation targets and strategies, plans, and actions. Most parties provide quantified targets while some do not.
2) Most parties have economy-wide targets covering major sectors. The targets range from absolute emission reductions to low-emission development strategies. Greenhouse gases covered include CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, and some PFCs, SF6, and NF3.
3) Nearly all parties will implement their NDCs by 2030, with some having
1996 4th Report - Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes the report on the fourth session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, which was held from April 18th to May 3rd, 1996. It includes 18 decisions made by the Commission, covering topics such as trade and the environment, combating poverty, demographic dynamics, integrating environment and development, and financial resources and mechanisms. It also includes draft resolutions, including one recommending the endorsement of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities and outlining actions needed for its implementation.
This document summarizes the report of the fourth session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, which took place from April 18-May 3, 1996. The Commission addressed a variety of topics related to sustainable development and made 18 decisions. Key decisions included recognizing the need for international cooperation on issues like technology transfer and financial resources to support developing countries' implementation of agreements. The Commission also discussed relationships between trade, environment and sustainable development.
This document outlines a draft resolution by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It is signed by over 20 countries and outlines 8 provisions to further the goals of the UNFCCC, including: 1) supporting efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through low-carbon development and financing, 2) enhancing the role of regional bodies in climate action, 3) implementing regional mechanisms for voluntary and mandatory policies, 4) optimizing REDD+ and Blue Carbon programs, 5) strengthening adaptation frameworks, 6) establishing transparency through international forums and inspections, 7) conforming investments to be climate-sensitive, and 8) encouraging monitoring of country targets and indicators.
UNFCCC - Position Paper - United States of AmericaNadira Saraswati
The document discusses the United States' position on reducing carbon emissions by 2020. It recognizes that climate change poses a grave threat and that nations must work together to limit global temperature rise. While the U.S. has increased investment in clean energy and reduced emissions in recent years, it believes future agreements must be tailored to different national circumstances. The U.S. proposes prioritizing clean energy research, setting emissions standards, and using economic incentives to accelerate the transition to renewable sources.
The History of Climate Change NegotiationsUNDP Eurasia
The document provides a short history of international climate change policy, starting from early scientific studies in the late 19th century through the establishment of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. It summarizes the key objectives and principles of the UNFCCC, as well as commitments made by Annex I, Annex II, and other parties. It then discusses the Kyoto Protocol, including its commitments, limitations, and need for future action. It concludes by outlining the AWG-KP and AWG-LCA processes aimed at establishing new commitments beyond the first Kyoto commitment period and a long-term global climate agreement.
The document discusses the UNFCCC process and current climate change negotiations. It provides an overview of key terms and organizations involved in the UNFCCC including the COP, Kyoto Protocol, AWG-KP, and AWG-LCA. The current negotiations are focused on establishing further commitments beyond the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol from 2012-2020, as well as addressing long-term cooperative action on mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer, and financing under the Bali Action Plan through both the AWG-KP and AWG-LCA tracks.
This document discusses national adaptation plans (NAPs) and GWP's role in supporting their development. It provides an overview of:
1) The establishment of the NAP process under the UNFCCC to help countries develop strategies to address medium and long-term climate adaptation needs.
2) How GWP works to integrate water security, climate resilience, and economic development through its programs like WACDEP, which supports national implementation of adaptation.
3) Guidance developed by the LEG to help countries with the NAP process, including technical guidelines, sectoral supplements, and programs like the NAP-GSP that provide resources and expertise.
Conclusions de la COP 28 de Dubai, décembre 2023Société Tripalio
1) The document summarizes the outcome of the first global stocktake under the Paris Agreement on climate change. It recognizes progress made in climate action but notes global emissions trajectories are not yet aligned with the Paris Agreement's temperature goals.
2) It emphasizes the need to urgently close the gap between policies and actions and what is needed to meet the goals, through deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 in line with 1.5°C pathways. This includes transitioning from fossil fuels this decade and achieving net zero by 2050.
3) It acknowledges the critical role of protecting nature and ecosystems in climate mitigation and calls for enhanced efforts and support for activities like halting deforestation to help
COP28: Example of Formation of Negotiated Texts: Global StockTakeEnergy for One World
This document provides updated textual building blocks from co-chairs on the first global stocktake under the Paris Agreement. It includes 15 options under sections on context/cross-cutting considerations and collective progress. The sections cover recognition of the need for urgent climate action, concerns about emissions trajectories not being aligned with Paris goals, calls to accelerate mitigation across sectors, and recognition of progress made as well as implementation and ambition gaps.
This document summarizes the outcome of the first global stocktake of the Paris Agreement. Key points include:
- Progress has been made in reducing emissions but collective efforts are still not on track to meet the Paris Agreement goals.
- Emissions need to peak before 2025 and reach net zero by 2050 to limit warming to 1.5°C, but current policies and NDCs are insufficient.
- Parties committed to accelerate climate action this decade through more ambitious NDCs and long-term strategies in a fair manner consistent with national circumstances.
- Areas highlighted for increased efforts include renewable energy, phasing down coal, zero-emissions vehicles and transport, reducing methane and HFCs, protecting ecosystems,
This document summarizes discussions from the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow. It acknowledges the urgent need to strengthen climate action and support for developing countries based on the latest science. Key points include: recognizing that impacts are already occurring at 1.1°C of warming; stressing the need to scale up adaptation funding and actions; welcoming increased pledges but noting more is needed, especially to double adaptation funding; and reaffirming commitments to limit warming to 1.5°C through deep global emissions reductions.
1. The Copenhagen Accord was agreed to by heads of state and governments at the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.
2. It recognizes the need to limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius and the scientific view that deep cuts in global emissions are required. It establishes goals for Annex I countries to implement emissions targets and developing countries to undertake mitigation actions.
3. Developed countries commit to provide $30 billion in fast-start climate financing for 2010-2012 and aim to mobilize $100 billion per year by 2020, to help developing countries take climate action. A Copenhagen Green Climate Fund will be established.
At un climate talks, china and the us pledge to increase cooperationaditi agarwal
The U.S. And China can even revive a working institution so one can meet regularly to deal with the climate disaster and strengthen the multilateral procedure
Summary report on the in-session workshop on long-term climate finance in 2014 Dr Lendy Spires
The document summarizes discussions from an in-session workshop on long-term climate finance held in 2014. It discusses strategies and approaches for scaling up climate finance from 2014 to 2020, including expected levels from different sources and policies to mobilize additional finance. It also examines cooperation on enabling environments, support for readiness activities, and developing country needs. Key topics included catalyzing private finance, integrating climate considerations into development plans, and ensuring a balance between adaptation and mitigation financing.
The document is Agenda 21, which was agreed upon at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. It contains 40 chapters that outline programs of action related to sustainable development.
Chapter 2 discusses international cooperation to accelerate sustainable development in developing countries. It calls for promoting sustainable development through trade, improving market access for developing country exports, and achieving sound and consistent commodity policies at national and international levels. The chapter's objectives are to promote an open and equitable multilateral trading system, improve access to developing country markets, improve commodity market functioning, and make economic growth and environmental protection mutually supportive.
The document summarizes the outcomes of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP 17) in Durban, South Africa from November 28 to December 11, 2011. Key outcomes included: establishing a second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol; agreeing to a process to negotiate a new legal agreement applicable to all countries by 2015; and operationalizing the Green Climate Fund to support climate action in developing countries. The conference saw progress on long-term cooperative climate action after difficulties in Copenhagen and efforts in Cancun to rescue the multilateral climate regime. However, concerns remained about whether commitments made would close the gap between emissions pledges and levels needed to avoid dangerous climate change impacts.
US National INtelligence Estimate: Climate change and international responseEnergy for One World
The document summarizes key judgments from an intelligence assessment on the national security impacts of climate change through 2040. It finds that:
1) Geopolitical tensions are likely to increase as countries argue over how to accelerate emissions reductions to meet Paris Agreement goals, including who is responsible for acting and paying. Countries will also compete over clean energy resources and technologies.
2) Physical effects of climate change, like reductions in Arctic sea ice, will exacerbate cross-border tensions as countries secure their interests, and there is a growing risk of conflicts over water and migration after 2030.
3) Developing countries will be most impacted by intensifying physical effects and have less ability to adapt, risking instability and
La COP di Lima si svolgerà in un continente formato da paesi in via di sviluppo che hanno già sperimentato gli effetti devastanti del cambiamento climatico attraverso inondazioni, fusione dei ghiacciai ed eventi meteorologici estremi. E’ anche un continente in cui sono state poste in essere azioni forti per affrontare il cambiamento climatico.
“Questo dovrebbe indurre tutti i paesi a essere pronti nel mettere da parte i propri interessi nazionali e agire nell'interesse del Pianeta ", conclude Midulla.
COP24 Poland Solidarity and Just Transition Silesia DeclarationEnergy for One World
The document is a declaration on solidarity and just transition that is scheduled to be adopted at COP24. It emphasizes that addressing climate change requires a transition to low-carbon economies and societies while ensuring a just transition of the workforce through decent work and quality jobs. It recognizes the specific needs of developing countries and sectors most affected by the transition. The declaration stresses the importance of social dialogue and participatory processes to support workers and communities during the transition to low-emissions development.
This document provides information about waste management training. It discusses Agenda 21, a framework for sustainable development adopted in 1992 that encourages local communities to create Local Agenda 21 plans. Local Agenda 21 involves citizens in developing and implementing sustainable development strategies through a participatory process. The document also discusses waste collection systems in Austria and polymer recycling technology, including methods for identifying and sorting different types of plastics for recycling.
This document summarizes 164 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) representing 191 parties to the Paris Agreement. The key points are:
1) The NDCs cover 93.1% of global emissions in 2019 and include both mitigation targets and strategies, plans, and actions. Most parties provide quantified targets while some do not.
2) Most parties have economy-wide targets covering major sectors. The targets range from absolute emission reductions to low-emission development strategies. Greenhouse gases covered include CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, and some PFCs, SF6, and NF3.
3) Nearly all parties will implement their NDCs by 2030, with some having
1996 4th Report - Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes the report on the fourth session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, which was held from April 18th to May 3rd, 1996. It includes 18 decisions made by the Commission, covering topics such as trade and the environment, combating poverty, demographic dynamics, integrating environment and development, and financial resources and mechanisms. It also includes draft resolutions, including one recommending the endorsement of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities and outlining actions needed for its implementation.
This document summarizes the report of the fourth session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, which took place from April 18-May 3, 1996. The Commission addressed a variety of topics related to sustainable development and made 18 decisions. Key decisions included recognizing the need for international cooperation on issues like technology transfer and financial resources to support developing countries' implementation of agreements. The Commission also discussed relationships between trade, environment and sustainable development.
This document outlines a draft resolution by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It is signed by over 20 countries and outlines 8 provisions to further the goals of the UNFCCC, including: 1) supporting efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through low-carbon development and financing, 2) enhancing the role of regional bodies in climate action, 3) implementing regional mechanisms for voluntary and mandatory policies, 4) optimizing REDD+ and Blue Carbon programs, 5) strengthening adaptation frameworks, 6) establishing transparency through international forums and inspections, 7) conforming investments to be climate-sensitive, and 8) encouraging monitoring of country targets and indicators.
UNFCCC - Position Paper - United States of AmericaNadira Saraswati
The document discusses the United States' position on reducing carbon emissions by 2020. It recognizes that climate change poses a grave threat and that nations must work together to limit global temperature rise. While the U.S. has increased investment in clean energy and reduced emissions in recent years, it believes future agreements must be tailored to different national circumstances. The U.S. proposes prioritizing clean energy research, setting emissions standards, and using economic incentives to accelerate the transition to renewable sources.
The History of Climate Change NegotiationsUNDP Eurasia
The document provides a short history of international climate change policy, starting from early scientific studies in the late 19th century through the establishment of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. It summarizes the key objectives and principles of the UNFCCC, as well as commitments made by Annex I, Annex II, and other parties. It then discusses the Kyoto Protocol, including its commitments, limitations, and need for future action. It concludes by outlining the AWG-KP and AWG-LCA processes aimed at establishing new commitments beyond the first Kyoto commitment period and a long-term global climate agreement.
The document discusses the UNFCCC process and current climate change negotiations. It provides an overview of key terms and organizations involved in the UNFCCC including the COP, Kyoto Protocol, AWG-KP, and AWG-LCA. The current negotiations are focused on establishing further commitments beyond the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol from 2012-2020, as well as addressing long-term cooperative action on mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer, and financing under the Bali Action Plan through both the AWG-KP and AWG-LCA tracks.
This document discusses national adaptation plans (NAPs) and GWP's role in supporting their development. It provides an overview of:
1) The establishment of the NAP process under the UNFCCC to help countries develop strategies to address medium and long-term climate adaptation needs.
2) How GWP works to integrate water security, climate resilience, and economic development through its programs like WACDEP, which supports national implementation of adaptation.
3) Guidance developed by the LEG to help countries with the NAP process, including technical guidelines, sectoral supplements, and programs like the NAP-GSP that provide resources and expertise.
Conclusions de la COP 28 de Dubai, décembre 2023Société Tripalio
1) The document summarizes the outcome of the first global stocktake under the Paris Agreement on climate change. It recognizes progress made in climate action but notes global emissions trajectories are not yet aligned with the Paris Agreement's temperature goals.
2) It emphasizes the need to urgently close the gap between policies and actions and what is needed to meet the goals, through deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 in line with 1.5°C pathways. This includes transitioning from fossil fuels this decade and achieving net zero by 2050.
3) It acknowledges the critical role of protecting nature and ecosystems in climate mitigation and calls for enhanced efforts and support for activities like halting deforestation to help
COP28: Example of Formation of Negotiated Texts: Global StockTakeEnergy for One World
This document provides updated textual building blocks from co-chairs on the first global stocktake under the Paris Agreement. It includes 15 options under sections on context/cross-cutting considerations and collective progress. The sections cover recognition of the need for urgent climate action, concerns about emissions trajectories not being aligned with Paris goals, calls to accelerate mitigation across sectors, and recognition of progress made as well as implementation and ambition gaps.
This document summarizes the outcome of the first global stocktake of the Paris Agreement. Key points include:
- Progress has been made in reducing emissions but collective efforts are still not on track to meet the Paris Agreement goals.
- Emissions need to peak before 2025 and reach net zero by 2050 to limit warming to 1.5°C, but current policies and NDCs are insufficient.
- Parties committed to accelerate climate action this decade through more ambitious NDCs and long-term strategies in a fair manner consistent with national circumstances.
- Areas highlighted for increased efforts include renewable energy, phasing down coal, zero-emissions vehicles and transport, reducing methane and HFCs, protecting ecosystems,
COP28 Presidency Draft Outcome Document.
A day before the day of closing of the Cop28.
No words on " Phase out or Phase Down
Putting pressure on Negotiators
This document contains a draft text for the first global stocktake under the Paris Agreement. Some key points:
- It welcomes that the Paris Agreement has driven near-universal climate action but notes parties are not yet collectively on track to achieve its goals.
- It underscores the temperature goal of holding warming to 1.5°C and the need for urgent action this decade.
- It notes progress made but also expresses concern that emissions trajectories are not in line with the Paris Agreement goals and that pre-2020 ambition and implementation gaps remain.
- It emphasizes the need to accelerate mitigation and implementation of NDCs, energy transitions, renewable energy and efficiency, and support for developing countries.
1. The document outlines the Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan agreed upon at COP27. It recognizes the urgent need to address climate change and biodiversity loss, and stresses that geopolitical issues should not be used as an excuse to backtrack on climate action.
2. It acknowledges the latest reports from the IPCC and UNEP which highlight the impacts of climate change and the need for rapid emissions reductions. The goal of limiting warming to 1.5°C is reaffirmed.
3. Countries agree to implement ambitious transitions to low-emission development, in line with the Paris Agreement. Efforts are needed across all sectors including a transition to renewable energy and just energy partnerships.
This document outlines three options for a decision on a work programme to urgently scale up mitigation ambition and implementation under the Paris Agreement. The key points are:
1) The objective of the work programme is to urgently scale up mitigation through exchanges of views and ideas in a non-prescriptive manner.
2) The scope would include sectors covered by IPCC guidelines and relevant issues like technologies and transitions.
3) It would include annual global dialogues and investment events through 2030 and be overseen by two co-chairs from developed and developing countries.
Draftul acordului climatic de la Paris, COP21Irina Breniuc
This document summarizes an agreement reached by the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. It agreed to transmit two texts to the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-first session for further consideration. The first text is titled "Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2 of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action". The second text is contained in Annex II but its contents are not described.
This document summarizes an agreement reached by the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. It agreed to transmit two texts to the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-first session for further consideration. The first text is titled "Draft agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2 of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action" and contains a draft Paris Agreement. The second text is contained in Annex II but its contents are not described.
1. The document acknowledges the global challenges from overlapping crises like food and energy shortages exacerbated by climate impacts, and stresses the need for accelerated clean energy transitions.
2. It notes the significant gap between countries' climate commitments and emissions pathways needed to limit warming to 1.5°C, and emphasizes the urgency of closing this gap this decade through more ambitious action from all countries according to the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities.
3. The document emphasizes the importance of the latest climate science from the IPCC and other reports, and stresses the need for just and inclusive transitions to low-carbon development that provide sustainable economic opportunities for all.
1) The document outlines the Copenhagen Accord agreed to by various parties at the UN Climate Change Conference in 2009.
2) Key points of the accord include commitments by developed countries to reduce emissions and provide funding to developing countries, establishing mechanisms for reducing deforestation, and enhancing technology development and transfer.
3) Developed countries commit to providing $30 billion over 2010-2012 for mitigation and adaptation in developing countries, with a goal of $100 billion annually by 2020, and a Green Climate Fund is established to support projects in developing countries.
1. The Copenhagen Accord was agreed to by heads of state and governments present at the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.
2. It recognizes the need to limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius and the scientific view that deep cuts in global emissions are required. It establishes goals for Annex I countries to implement emissions targets and developing countries to undertake mitigation actions.
3. Developed countries commit to provide $30 billion in fast-start climate financing for 2010-2012 and aim to mobilize $100 billion per year by 2020, to help developing countries take climate action. New funds like the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund will be established.
Sunnylands Statement on Enhancing Cooperation to Address the Climate Crisis.pdfEnergy for One World
The United States and China reaffirmed their commitment to address climate change and enhance cooperation. They agreed to establish a working group to accelerate climate actions in key areas like energy transition, methane reduction, and subnational cooperation. The two countries also committed to submitting more ambitious 2035 climate plans and to work together to ensure a successful outcome at COP28.
Aosis Proposal For Kp Survival And New Copenhagen Protocol FinalJulian Wong
The Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) proposes a Copenhagen Protocol to enhance implementation of the UNFCCC and ensure the survival of the Kyoto Protocol. Key points include:
1) Establishing long-term global goals to limit warming to 1.5C and reduce emissions by at least 85% by 2050.
2) Developed countries commit to reducing emissions by 45% below 1990 levels by 2020.
3) A new Multilateral Fund on Climate Change is created to support adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer in developing countries.
4) National plans are required by all countries to reduce emissions and adapt to climate impacts. Support is prioritized for vulnerable developing states.
Aosis Proposal For Kp Survival And New Copenhagen Protocol FinalJulian Wong
The Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) proposes a Copenhagen Protocol to enhance implementation of the UNFCCC and ensure the survival of the Kyoto Protocol. Key points include:
1) Establishing long-term global goals to limit warming to 1.5C and reduce emissions by at least 85% by 2050.
2) Developed countries commit to reducing emissions by 45% below 1990 levels by 2020.
3) A new Multilateral Fund on Climate Change is created to support adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer in developing countries.
4) National plans are required by all countries to reduce emissions and adapt to climate impacts. Support is prioritized for vulnerable developing states.
Adaptation Responses to Climate Change under the UNFCCC and Kyoto ProtocolDr. William C.G. Burns
The document discusses key provisions around adaptation from the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. It outlines that the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol establish obligations for developed countries to assist vulnerable developing countries with adaptation costs. It also summarizes various adaptation funds established, but notes that funding pledged has far exceeded amounts received and disbursed. Developed countries are argued to not have fully supported adaptation investments in developing countries as committed.
G20 India : Environmental Ministers Outcome document and Chair Summary (July ...Energy for One World
This document summarizes the outcomes of the 2023 G20 Environment and Climate Ministers' Meeting in Chennai, India. Key points include:
- Ministers committed to urgently accelerating actions to address environmental crises like climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and more in a complementary manner.
- They reaffirmed commitments to international agreements like the Paris Agreement and 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and called for strengthened policies and increased climate finance for developing countries.
- Ministers expressed support for transitioning to sustainable lifestyles and consumption patterns to address various environmental issues and stressed the importance of achieving sustainable development goals.
NAP Training Viet Nam - Climate Change and Viet Nam's NAPUNDP Climate
This two-day workshop supported the Government of Viet Nam in building the necessary capacity to advance its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process. The workshop closely focused on building National Adaptation Plans in the agricultural sector through multi-stakeholder collaboration, and increased knowledge and capacity on a number of topics including: prioritization of adaptation options, cost-benefit analysis, overview of the broad-based nature of climate change adaption impacts, analysis of challenges, and creation of an open discussion with key stakeholders on defining a road-map for the NAP process. The workshop was delivered using discussions and case studies to enhance interactive learning for participants, with supporting presentations by GiZ and SNV.
Adaptation Responses to Climate Change under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol, D...Dr. William C.G. Burns
This document discusses adaptation responses to climate change for developing countries under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. It notes that while mitigation was initially the main focus, adaptation is now also a high priority given increasing impacts. However, financing for adaptation in developing countries has been extremely inadequate, estimated to be billions annually but only provided in the hundreds of millions. More funding sources and integrating adaptation into development projects and foreign direct investment are needed.
Climat : rendez-nous notre droit au scepticisme
non seulement un droit mais un devoir pour tout scientifique
francois.gervais@univ-tours.fr
Ancien conseiller scientifique du Pôle de compétitivité
Sciences et Système de l’énergie électrique
Expert reviewer des rapports AR5 et AR6 du GIEC
Directeur de l’UMR CNRS 6157 jusqu’en 2012
La lutte contre le trafic de stupéfiants est officiellement une priorité de l’action gouvernementale. Pourtant, derrière le discours de fermeté tenu au sommet de l’État, une autre
musique se fait entendre depuis longtemps, plus sourde mais persistante. Des voix respectables, et semble-t-il de plus en plus nombreuses, s’élèvent pour affirmer que consommer
des stupéfiants serait un « crime sans victime », que cette activité ne devrait donc pas être
pénalisée, ou bien que la lutte contre le trafic et la consommation de stupéfiants cause
beaucoup plus de dégâts que les phénomènes qu’elle cherche à combattre.
Si la lutte contre le trafic et la consommation de drogue est une « guerre », alors « l’arrière »
semble bien prêt d’abandonner ceux qui sont « au front » et de négocier une paix séparée.
En fait, il est clair que l’action publique en ce domaine tend à être entravée par une certaine mauvaise conscience et par des doutes persistants concernant les buts à atteindre.
Il importe donc d’essayer de dissiper ces doutes en examinant méthodiquement la question de la lutte contre la drogue, à la fois dans son principe, dans ses objectifs et dans ses
moyens. La lutte contre la drogue n’est nullement une cause perdue, mais elle doit être
menée avec à la fois plus de fermeté et plus de discernement que cela n’est le cas aujourd’hui.
Un juge fédéral Texan a interdit lundi au département américain de la Défense de punir un groupe de Navy Seals et d'autres membres des forces spéciales qui ont refusé les vaccins pour des motifs religieux.
Ce lundi 3 janvier s’est tenue l’adoption en séance publique du projet de loi renforçant les outils de gestion de la crise sanitaire. 750 amendements ont été en partie discutés en un temps record avant que le Sénat n’ait à se prononcer dans les prochains jours. Une procédure d’examen aussi rapide a pour effet de perdre la population dans un contexte où les français se confondent déjà dans un flot de mesures incohérentes et au moment des fêtes de fin d’année qui plus est.
Les membres de la commission des lois ont adopté le projet de loi visant à transformer le passe sanitaire en passe vaccinal, dans la nuit du mercredi 29 décembre 2021. Bien que le texte présentait déjà des dispositions extrêmement liberticides, certains députés se sont tout de même illustrés dans la surenchère à l’atteinte aux libertés publiques.
En arrêt maladie et non vaccinés, deux infirmières et un infirmier du CHRU de Brest (Finistère) ont obtenu gain de cause contre l’hôpital, après avoir été suspendus. Les récentes décisions administratives, couplées à une jurisprudence administrative relativement fournie, nous apporte un nombre considérable d’éléments quant au doute sérieux de légalité sur une suspension d’un agent non vacciné en arrêt maladie. Nous vous en proposons la synthèse.
Le secteur de l’assurance peut souffler, le Conseil constitutionnel vient de trancher en sa faveur dans le cadre d’une question prioritaire de constitutionnalité (QPC). La décision, tout juste publiée, valide la conformité à la Constitution du délai de prescription en matière de litige dans le cadre d’un contrat d’assurance.
L’équilibre financier du système de retraite par répartition selon lequel les générations les plus jeunes en activité financent, notamment par leurs cotisations, les retraites des générations les plus âgées, est fragilisé par le vieillissement de la population. La résorption des déficits (13Md€en 2020) passe par une maîtrise des dépenses de retraite qui s’inscrit dans le contexte plus large de maîtrise des dépenses sociales et de retour durable de la sécurité sociale à l’équilibre financier. Pour y parvenir, les paramètres sont nombreux (âge d’ouverture des droits à retraite, dispositifs de départ anticipé, conditions pour une retraite à taux plein, indexation des pensions, etc.) mais, in fine, la maîtrise des dépenses de retraite passe par un recul des âges de départ à la retraite ou une baisse du niveau relatif des pensions. Les mesures devront prendre en compte les considérations d’équité entre générations et au sein de chaque génération, tout en visant à simplifier les règles et à les harmoniser entre les régimes.
La justice judiciaire bénéficie, depuis plusieurs années, d’évolutions destinées à améliorer la réponse apportée aux citoyens. Son budget a augmenté de 22% entre 2011 et 2021. Pourtant, les délais de traitement des affaires civiles se détériorent, le stock des dossiers en attente augmente et les évolutions portées par la loi de programmation de la justice pour les années 2018-2022 peinent à se mettre en œuvre. Trois réformes s’imposent à court terme pour répondre à ces faiblesses structurelles : la carte des cours d’appel doit être modifiée et leur nombre réduit ; la justice doit se doter d’outils d’évaluation de la charge de travail et améliorer la répartition des effectifs ; enfin, le ministère de la Justice doit rattraper le retard considérable accumulé en matière de transformation numérique.
Entre les priorités de reconstruction de l’après-guerre, poursuivies dans les années 1970, et les réalités humaines actuelles, la politique du logement peine à atteindre des objectifs ambitieux pas toujours compatibles entre eux. Dans un contexte de dégradation des finances publiques, les enjeux sont nombreux : un meilleur ciblage des aides et des bénéficiaires du parc de logements sociaux, la prise en compte des évolutions des besoins des ménages, l’adaptation de l’habitat au vieillissement de la population et à la préservation de l’environnement, une meilleure coordination de l’ensemble des parties prenantes. Face à ce constat, la Cour esquisse trois leviers d’action susceptibles d’améliorer à la fois la performance de la dépense publique en faveur du logement, et le rééquilabrage des responsabilités entre l’État et les collectivités locales. Un troisième levier conduit à privilégier une approche plus qualitative qui prendrait davantage en compte les nouvelles priorités sociales et environnementales, plutôt qu’une logique visant à s’assigner des objectifs quantitatifs nationaux de construction de logements.
Depuis plusieurs années, la police nationale est confrontée à des défis de sécurité majeurs et à des attentes fortes des citoyens. Pour y faire face, elle a bénéficié de moyens supplémentaires importants, comme en témoignent l’augmentation de 21 % de sa masse salariale en dix ans, et le concours accru de nouveaux acteurs de la sécurité (polices municipales, réservistes, sécurité privée). Néanmoins, les résultats affichés, notamment en termes de présence sur le terrain ou d’élucidation des faits de délinquance, ne connaissent pas d’amélioration significative, voire se détériorent. Les travaux récemment publiés sur le sujet par la Cour soulignent qu’une meilleure utilisation et une gestion rénovée des ressources humaines de la police nationale s’imposent. Plusieurs leviers d’action doivent ainsi être prioritairement mobilisés : une allocation des effectifs mieux ajustée aux besoins des territoires et aux missions, une organisation du travail plus adaptée aux besoins opérationnels, ainsi qu’une formation renforcée et modernisée. La Cour estime, par ailleurs, que des mutualisations entre la police et la gendarmerie pourraient améliorer la qualité du service rendu aux citoyens.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Cma2021 l16 adv
1. Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting
of the Parties to the Paris Agreement
Third session
Glasgow, 31 October to 12 November 2021
Agenda item 2(c)
Organizational matters
Organization of work, including for the sessions of the
subsidiary bodies
Organization of work, including for the sessions of the
subsidiary bodies
Proposal by the President
Draft decision -/CMA.3
Glasgow Climate Pact
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris
Agreement,
Recalling Article 2 of the Paris Agreement,
Also recalling decisions 3/CMA.1 and 1/CMA.2,
Noting decision -/CP.26,1
Recognizing the role of multilateralism in addressing climate change and promoting
regional and international cooperation in order to strengthen climate action in the context of
sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty,
Acknowledging the devastating impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and
the importance of ensuring a sustainable, resilient and inclusive global recovery, showing
solidarity particularly with developing country Parties,
Also acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind, Parties
should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their
respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples,
local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable
situations and the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women
and intergenerational equity,
Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including in forests,
the ocean and the cryosphere, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures
1
Draft decision entitled “Glasgow Climate Pact” proposed under agenda item 2(f) of the Conference of
the Parties at its twenty-sixth session.
United Nations FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
Distr.: Limited
13 November 2021
Original: English
ADVANCE VERSION
2. FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
2
as Mother Earth, and also noting the importance for some of the concept of ‘climate justice’,
when taking action to address climate change,
Expressing appreciation to the Heads of State and Government who participated in
the World Leaders Summit in Glasgow and for the increased targets and actions announced
and the commitments made to work together and with non-Party stakeholders to accelerate
sectoral action by 2030,
Recognizing the important role of indigenous peoples, local communities and civil
society, including youth and children, in addressing and responding to climate change, and
highlighting the urgent need for multilevel and cooperative action,
I. Science and urgency
1. Recognizes the importance of the best available science for effective climate action
and policymaking;
2. Welcomes the contribution of Working Group I to the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report2
and the recent global and regional reports on the
state of the climate from the World Meteorological Organization, and invites the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to present its forthcoming reports to the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in 2022;
3. Expresses alarm and utmost concern that human activities have caused around 1.1 °C
of warming to date, that impacts are already being felt in every region, and that carbon
budgets consistent with achieving the Paris Agreement temperature goal are now small and
being rapidly depleted;
4. Recalls Article 2, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement, which provides that the Paris
Agreement will be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common but
differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in the light of different national
circumstances;
5. Stresses the urgency of enhancing ambition and action in relation to mitigation,
adaptation and finance in this critical decade to address the gaps in the implementation of the
goals of the Paris Agreement;
II. Adaptation
6. Notes with serious concern the findings from the contribution of Working Group I to
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report, including that
climate and weather extremes and their adverse impacts on people and nature will continue
to increase with every additional increment of rising temperatures;
7. Emphasizes the urgency of scaling up action and support, including finance, capacity-
building and technology transfer, to enhance adaptive capacity, strengthen resilience and
reduce vulnerability to climate change in line with the best available science, taking into
account the priorities and needs of developing country Parties;
8. Welcomes the adaptation communications and national adaptation plans submitted to
date, which enhance the understanding and implementation of adaptation actions and
priorities;
9. Urges Parties to further integrate adaptation into local, national and regional planning;
10. Requests Parties that have not yet done so to submit their adaptation communications
in accordance with decision 9/CMA.1 ahead of the fourth session of the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (November 2022) so as
to provide timely input to the global stocktake;
2
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2021. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science
Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change. V Masson-Delmotte, P Zhai, A Pirani, et al. (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. Available at https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/.
3. FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
3
11. Recognizes the importance of the global goal on adaptation for the effective
implementation of the Paris Agreement, and welcomes the launch of the comprehensive two-
year Glasgow–Sharm el-Sheikh work programme on the global goal on adaptation;
12. Notes that the implementation of the Glasgow–Sharm el-Sheikh work programme will
start immediately after the third session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement;
13. Invites the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to present to the Conference
of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its fourth session
the findings from the contribution of Working Group II to its Sixth Assessment Report,
including those relevant to assessing adaptation needs, and calls upon the research
community to further the understanding of global, regional and local impacts of climate
change, response options and adaptation needs;
III. Adaptation finance
14. Notes with concern that the current provision of climate finance for adaptation
remains insufficient to respond to worsening climate change impacts in developing country
Parties;
15. Urges developed country Parties to urgently and significantly scale up their provision
of climate finance, technology transfer and capacity-building for adaptation so as to respond
to the needs of developing country Parties as part of a global effort, including for the
formulation and implementation of national adaptation plans and adaptation
communications;
16. Recognizes the importance of the adequacy and predictability of adaptation finance,
including the value of the Adaptation Fund in delivering dedicated support for adaptation,
and invites developed country Parties to consider multi-annual pledges;
17. Welcomes the recent pledges made by many developed country Parties to increase
their provision of climate finance to support adaptation in developing country Parties in
response to their growing needs, including contributions made to the Adaptation Fund and
the Least Developed Countries Fund, which represent significant progress compared with
previous efforts;
18. Urges developed country Parties to at least double their collective provision of climate
finance for adaptation to developing country Parties from 2019 levels by 2025, in the context
of achieving a balance between mitigation and adaptation in the provision of scaled-up
financial resources, recalling Article 9, paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement;
19. Calls upon multilateral development banks, other financial institutions and the private
sector to enhance finance mobilization in order to deliver the scale of resources needed to
achieve climate plans, particularly for adaptation, and encourages Parties to continue to
explore innovative approaches and instruments for mobilizing finance for adaptation from
private sources;
IV. Mitigation
20. Reaffirms the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding the increase in the global
average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to
limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels;
21. Recognizes that the impacts of climate change will be much lower at the temperature
increase of 1.5 °C compared with 2 °C and resolves to pursue efforts to limit the temperature
increase to 1.5 °C;
22. Recognizes that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires rapid, deep and sustained
reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, including reducing global carbon dioxide
emissions by 45 per cent by 2030 relative to the 2010 level and to net zero around mid-
century, as well as deep reductions in other greenhouse gases;
23. Also recognizes that this requires accelerated action in this critical decade, on the basis
of the best available scientific knowledge and equity, reflecting common but differentiated
4. FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
4
responsibilities and respective capabilities in the light of different national circumstances and
in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty;
24. Welcomes efforts by Parties to communicate new or updated nationally determined
contributions, long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies and other
actions that demonstrate progress towards achievement of the Paris Agreement temperature
goal;
25. Notes with serious concern the findings of the synthesis report on nationally
determined contributions under the Paris Agreement,3
according to which the aggregate
greenhouse gas emission level, taking into account implementation of all submitted
nationally determined contributions, is estimated to be 13.7 per cent above the 2010 level in
2030;
26. Emphasizes the urgent need for Parties to increase their efforts to collectively reduce
emissions through accelerated action and implementation of domestic mitigation measures
in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement;
27. Decides to establish a work programme to urgently scale up mitigation ambition and
implementation in this critical decade, and requests the Subsidiary Body for Implementation
and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to recommend a draft
decision on this matter for consideration and adoption by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its fourth session, in a manner
that complements the global stocktake;
28. Urges Parties that have not yet communicated new or updated nationally determined
contributions to do so as soon as possible in advance of the fourth session of the Conference
of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement;
29. Recalls Article 3 and Article 4, paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 11, of the Paris Agreement and
requests Parties to revisit and strengthen the 2030 targets in their nationally determined
contributions as necessary to align with the Paris Agreement temperature goal by the end of
2022, taking into account different national circumstances;
30. Also requests the secretariat to annually update the synthesis report on nationally
determined contributions under the Paris Agreement, referred to in decision 1/CMA.2,
paragraph 10, to be made available to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of
the Parties to the Paris Agreement at each of its sessions;
31. Decides to convene an annual high-level ministerial round table on pre-2030
ambition, beginning at the fourth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement;
32. Urges Parties that have not yet done so to communicate, by the fourth session of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, long-
term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies referred to in Article 4, paragraph
19, of the Paris Agreement towards just transitions to net zero emissions by or around mid-
century, taking into account different national circumstances;
33. Invites Parties to update the strategies referred to in paragraph 32 above regularly, as
appropriate, in line with the best available science;
34. Requests the secretariat to prepare a synthesis report on long-term low greenhouse gas
emission development strategies referred to in Article 4, paragraph 19, of the Paris
Agreement to be made available to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of
the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its fourth session;
35. Notes the importance of aligning nationally determined contributions with long-term
low greenhouse gas emission development strategies;
36. Calls upon Parties to accelerate the development, deployment and dissemination of
technologies, and the adoption of policies, to transition towards low-emission energy
systems, including by rapidly scaling up the deployment of clean power generation and
energy efficiency measures, including accelerating efforts towards the phase-out of unabated
3
See document FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/8/Rev.1 and https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/message
_to_parties_and_observers_on_ndc_numbers.pdf.
5. FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
5
coal power and inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, recognizing the need for support towards a
just transition;
37. Invites Parties to consider further actions to reduce by 2030 non-carbon dioxide
greenhouse gas emissions, including methane;
38. Emphasizes the importance of protecting, conserving and restoring nature and
ecosystems to achieve the Paris Agreement temperature goal, including through forests and
other terrestrial and marine ecosystems acting as sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases
and by protecting biodiversity, while ensuring social and environmental safeguards;
39. Recognizes that enhanced support for developing country Parties will allow for higher
ambition in their actions;
V. Finance, technology transfer and capacity-building for
mitigation and adaptation
40. Urges developed country Parties to provide enhanced support, including through
financial resources, technology transfer and capacity-building, to assist developing country
Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation, in continuation of their existing
obligations under the Convention and the Paris Agreement, and encourages other Parties to
provide or continue to provide such support voluntarily;
41. Notes with concern the growing needs of developing country Parties, in particular due
to the increasing impacts of climate change and increased indebtedness as a consequence of
the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic;
42. Welcomes the first report on the determination of needs of developing country Parties
related to implementing the Convention and the Paris Agreement4
and the fourth Biennial
Assessment and Overview of Climate Finance Flows5
by the Standing Committee on
Finance;
43. Emphasizes the need to mobilize climate finance from all sources to reach the level
needed to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, including significantly increasing
support for developing country Parties, beyond USD 100 billion per year;
44. Notes with deep regret that the goal of developed country Parties to mobilize jointly
USD 100 billion per year by 2020 in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and
transparency on implementation has not yet been met, and welcomes the increased pledges
made by many developed country Parties and the Climate Finance Delivery Plan: Meeting
the US$100 Billion Goal6
and the collective actions contained therein;
45. Calls upon developed country Parties to provide greater clarity on their pledges
referred to in paragraph 44 above through their next biennial communications under Article
9, paragraph 5, of the Paris Agreement;
46. Urges developed country Parties to fully deliver on the USD 100 billion goal urgently
and through to 2025 and emphasizes the importance of transparency in the implementation
of their pledges;
47. Urges the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism, multilateral development
banks and other financial institutions to further scale up investments in climate action and
calls for a continued increase in the scale and effectiveness of climate finance from all
sources globally, including grants and other highly concessional forms of finance;
48. Re-emphasizes the need for scaled-up financial resources to take into account the
needs of those countries particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and
in this regard encourages relevant multilateral institutions to consider how climate
vulnerabilities should be reflected in the provision and mobilization of concessional financial
resources and other forms of support, including special drawing rights;
4
See document FCCC/CP/2021/10/Add.2–FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/7/Add.2.
5
See document FCCC/CP/2021/10/Add.1–FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/7/Add.1.
6
See https://ukcop26.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Climate-Finance-Delivery-Plan-1.pdf.
6. FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
6
49. Welcomes with appreciation the initiation of deliberations on a new collective
quantified goal on climate finance, and looks forward to the ad hoc work programme
established under decision -/CMA.37
and to engaging constructively in the actions contained
therein;
50. Underscores the importance of the deliberations referred to in paragraph 49 above
being informed by the need to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change
in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty and to make finance
flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emission and climate-resilient
development taking into account the needs and priorities of developing countries and
building on the work of the Standing Committee on Finance;
51. Emphasizes the challenges faced by many developing country Parties in accessing
finance and encourages further efforts to enhance access to finance, including by the
operating entities of the Financial Mechanism;
52. Notes the specific concerns raised with regard to eligibility and ability to access
concessional forms of climate finance, and re-emphasizes the importance of the provision of
scaled-up financial resources, taking into account the needs of developing country Parties
that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change;
53. Encourages relevant providers of financial support to consider how vulnerability to
the adverse effects of climate change could be reflected in the provision and mobilization of
concessional financial resources and how they could simplify and enhance access to finance;
54. Underscores the urgency of enhancing understanding and action to make finance
flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emission and climate-resilient
development in a transparent and inclusive manner in the context of sustainable development
and poverty eradication;
55. Calls upon developed country Parties, multilateral development banks and other
financial institutions to accelerate the alignment of their financing activities with the goals of
the Paris Agreement;
56. Acknowledges the progress made on capacity-building, particularly in relation to
enhancing the coherence and coordination of capacity-building activities towards the
implementation of the Convention and the Paris Agreement;
57. Recognizes the need to continue supporting developing country Parties in identifying
and addressing both current and emerging capacity-building gaps and needs, and to catalyse
climate action and solutions to respond;
58. Welcomes the outcomes of the “COP26 Catalyst for Climate Action” and the strong
commitments made by many Parties to take forward action on capacity-building;
59. Also welcomes the joint annual reports of the Technology Executive Committee and
the Climate Technology Centre and Network for 2020 and 2021,8
and invites the two bodies
to strengthen their collaboration;
60. Emphasizes the importance of strengthening cooperative action on technology
development and transfer for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation action,
including accelerating, encouraging and enabling innovation, and the importance of
predictable, sustainable and adequate funding from diverse sources for the Technology
Mechanism;
VI. Loss and damage9
61. Acknowledges that climate change has already caused and will increasingly cause loss
and damage and that, as temperatures rise, impacts from climate and weather extremes, as
7
Draft decision entitled “New collective quantified goal on climate finance” proposed under agenda
item 8(e) of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement
at its third session.
8
FCCC/SB/2020/4 and FCCC/SB/2021/5.
9
It is noted that discussions related to the governance of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss
7. FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
7
well as slow onset events, will pose an ever-greater social, economic and environmental
threat;
62. Also acknowledges the important role of a broad range of stakeholders at the local,
national and regional level, including indigenous peoples and local communities, in averting,
minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate
change;
63. Reiterates the urgency of scaling up action and support, as appropriate, including
finance, technology transfer and capacity-building, for implementing approaches for
averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of
climate change in developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to these effects;
64. Urges developed country Parties, the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism,
United Nations entities and intergovernmental organizations and other bilateral and
multilateral institutions, including non-governmental organizations and private sources, to
provide enhanced and additional support for activities addressing loss and damage associated
with the adverse effects of climate change;
65. Recognizes the importance of demand-driven technical assistance in building capacity
to implement approaches to averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated
with the adverse effects of climate change;
66. Welcomes the further operationalization of the Santiago network for averting,
minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate
change, including the agreement on its functions and process for further developing its
institutional arrangements;
67. Decides that the Santiago network will be provided with funds to support technical
assistance for the implementation of relevant approaches to avert, minimize and address loss
and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change in developing countries in
support of the functions set out in paragraph 9 of decision -/CMA.3;10
68. Also decides that the modalities for the management of funds provided for technical
assistance under the Santiago network and the terms for their disbursement shall be
determined by the process set out in paragraph 10 of decision -/CMA.3;11
69. Further decides that the body providing secretarial services to facilitate work under
the Santiago network to be determined in accordance with paragraph 10 of decision -
/CMA.312
will administer the funds referred to in paragraph 67 above;
70. Urges developed country Parties to provide funds for the operation of the Santiago
network and for the provision of technical assistance as set out in paragraph 67 above;
71. Acknowledges the importance of coherent action to respond to the scale of needs
caused by the adverse impacts of climate change;
72. Resolves to strengthen partnerships between developing and developed countries,
funds, technical agencies, civil society and communities to enhance understanding of how
approaches to averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage can be improved;
73. Decides to establish the Glasgow Dialogue between Parties, relevant organizations
and stakeholders to discuss the arrangements for the funding of activities to avert, minimize
and address loss and damage associated with the adverse impacts of climate change, to take
place in the first sessional period of each year of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation,
concluding at its sixtieth session (June 2024);
74. Requests the Subsidiary Body for Implementation to organize the Glasgow Dialogue
in cooperation with the Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism for
Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts;
and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts did not produce an outcome: this is without
prejudice to further consideration of this matter.
10
Draft decision entitled “Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with
Climate Change Impacts” proposed under agenda item 7 of the Conference of the Parties serving as
the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its third session.
11
As footnote 10 above.
12
As footnote 10 above.
8. FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
8
VII. Implementation
75. Resolves to move swiftly with the full implementation of the Paris Agreement;
76. Welcomes the start of the global stocktake, and expresses its determination for the
process to be comprehensive, inclusive and consistent with Article 14 of the Paris Agreement
and decision 19/CMA.1, in the light of paragraph 5 above;
77. Encourages the high-level champions to support the effective participation of non-
Party stakeholders in the global stocktake;
78. Recalls the Katowice climate package, and welcomes with appreciation the
completion of the Paris Agreement work programme, including the adoption of decisions on
the following:
(a) Common time frames for nationally determined contributions referred to in
Article 4, paragraph 10, of the Paris Agreement (decision -/CMA.3);13
(b) Methodological issues relating to the enhanced transparency framework for
action and support referred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement (decision -/CMA.3);14
(c) Modalities and procedures for the operation and use of a public registry
referred to in Article 4, paragraph 12, of the Paris Agreement (decision -/CMA.3);15
(d) Modalities and procedures for the operation and use of a public registry
referred to in Article 7, paragraph 12, of the Paris Agreement (decision -/CMA.3);16
(e) Guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Article 6, paragraph 2, of
the Paris Agreement (decision -/CMA.3);17
(f) Rules, modalities and procedures for the mechanism established by Article 6,
paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement (decision -/CMA.3);18
(g) Work programme under the framework for non-market approaches referred to
in Article 6, paragraph 8, of the Paris Agreement (decision -/CMA.3);19
79. Urges Parties to swiftly make the necessary preparations for ensuring timely reporting
under the enhanced transparency framework in line with Article 13 of the Paris Agreement
and the timelines set out in decision 18/CMA.1;
13
Draft decision entitled “Common time frames for nationally determined contributions referred to in
Article 4, paragraph 10, of the Paris Agreement” proposed under agenda item 3(b) of the Conference
of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its third session.
14
Draft decision entitled “Guidance operationalizing the modalities, procedures and guidelines for the
enhanced transparency framework referred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement” proposed under
agenda item 5 of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris
Agreement at its third session.
15
Draft decision entitled “Modalities and procedures for the operation and use of a public registry
referred to in Article 4, paragraph 12, of the Paris Agreement” proposed under agenda item 6(a) of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its third
session.
16
Draft decision entitled “Modalities and procedures for the operation and use of a public registry
referred to in Article 7, paragraph 12, of the Paris Agreement” proposed under agenda item 6(b) of
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its third
session.
17
Draft decision entitled “Guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Article 6, paragraph 2, of
the Paris Agreement” proposed under agenda item 12(a) of the Conference of the Parties serving as
the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its third session.
18
Draft decision entitled “Rules, modalities and procedures for the mechanism established by Article 6,
paragraph 4, of the Paris Agreement” proposed under agenda item 12(b) of the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its third session.
19
Draft decision entitled “Work programme under the framework for non-market approaches referred to
in Article 6, paragraph 8, of the Paris Agreement” proposed under agenda item 12(c) of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its third
session.
9. FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
9
80. Acknowledges the call from developing countries for increased support for the
implementation of the enhanced transparency framework under Article 13 of the Paris
Agreement in a timely, adequate and predictable manner;
81. Welcomes decision -/CP.26,20
which encourages the Global Environment Facility, as
part of the eighth replenishment process, to duly consider ways to increase the financial
resources allocated for climate, and recognizes that the Capacity-building Initiative for
Transparency, established pursuant to decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 84, will continue to
support developing country Parties, upon their request, in building their institutional and
technical capacity for the enhanced transparency framework;
82. Welcomes decision -/CMA.3,21
which requests the Global Environment Facility to
continue to facilitate improved access to the Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency by
developing country Parties, and encourages the Global Environment Facility to work closely
with other institutions and initiatives to enhance these efforts, such as the Taskforce on
Access to Climate Finance and the “COP26 Catalyst for Climate Action”;
83. Takes note of the revised terms of reference of the Consultative Group of Experts,
contained in the annex to decision -/CP.26;22
84. Recognizes the need to take into consideration the concerns of Parties with economies
most affected by the impacts of response measures, particularly developing country Parties,
in line with Article 4, paragraph 15, of the Paris Agreement;
85. Also recognizes the need to ensure just transitions that promote sustainable
development and eradication of poverty, and the creation of decent work and quality jobs,
including through making financial flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse
gas emission and climate-resilient development, including through deployment and transfer
of technology, and provision of support to developing country Parties;
VIII. Collaboration
86. Notes the urgent need to close the gaps in implementation towards the goals of the
Paris Agreement and invites the Secretary-General of the United Nations to convene world
leaders in 2023 to consider ambition to 2030;
87. Recognizes the importance of international collaboration on innovative climate action,
including technological advancement, across all actors of society, sectors and regions, in
contributing to progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement;
88. Also recognizes the important role of non-Party stakeholders, including civil society,
indigenous peoples, local communities, youth, children, local and regional governments and
other stakeholders, in contributing to progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement;
89. Welcomes the improvement of the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action23
for enhancing ambition, the leadership and actions of the high-level champions, and the work
of the secretariat on the Non-State Actor Zone for Climate Action platform to support
accountability and track progress of voluntary initiatives;
90. Also welcomes the high-level communiqué24
on the regional climate weeks and
encourages the continuation of regional climate weeks where Parties and non-Party
stakeholders can strengthen their credible and durable response to climate change at the
regional level;
20
Draft decision entitled “Report of the Global Environment Facility to the Conference of the Parties
and guidance to the Global Environment Facility” proposed under agenda item 8(d) of the Conference
of the Parties at its twenty-sixth session.
21
Draft decision entitled “Guidance to the Global Environment Facility” proposed under agenda item
8(c) of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement at its
third session.
22
Draft decision entitled “Revised terms of reference of the Consultative Group of Experts” proposed
under agenda item 5 of the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-sixth session.
23
See https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Improved%20Marrakech%20Partnership%202021-
2025.pdf.
24
Available at https://unfccc.int/regional-climate-weeks/rcw-2021-cop26-communique.
10. FCCC/PA/CMA/2021/L.16
10
91. Urges Parties to swiftly begin implementing the Glasgow work programme on Action
for Climate Empowerment, respecting, promoting and considering their respective
obligations on human rights, as well as gender equality and empowerment of women;
92. Also urges Parties and stakeholders to ensure meaningful youth participation and
representation in multilateral, national and local decision-making processes, including under
the Paris Agreement;
93. Emphasizes the important role of indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ culture
and knowledge in effective action on climate change, and urges Parties to actively involve
indigenous peoples and local communities in designing and implementing climate action;
94. Expresses its recognition of the important role the observer organizations play,
including the nine non-governmental organization constituencies, in sharing their knowledge,
and their calls to see ambitious action to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and in
collaborating with Parties to that end;
95. Encourages Parties to increase the full, meaningful and equal participation of women
in climate action and to ensure gender-responsive implementation and means of
implementation, which are vital for raising ambition and achieving climate goals;
96. Takes note of the estimated budgetary implications of the activities to be undertaken
by the secretariat referred to in this decision;
97. Requests that the actions of the secretariat called for in this decision be undertaken
subject to the availability of financial resources.