My AP Research Presentation on the Pagination of the virtual Georgia Department of Education's Milestones End-of-Course Assessment.

1. Pagination of the
GA Milestones
Assessments

2. 2
An introduction
“Vision is the primary
medium of thought.”
-Rudolf Arnheim,
renowned art and cognitive psychologist

3. 3
Visual Pedagogy
combines visual design
with the study of
education, often with the
aid of computer software.

4. 4
Computer
Hypermedia
A presentationtool using
graphics, text, and hyperlinks
within a computer user
interface (UI)—implementing
design methodologies.

5. Pagination
A visual design methodology that
separates information into short,
discrete pages rather than long
scrolling screens.
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6. Paging vs. Scrolling
6
Google Instagram

7. “the number of
studies investigating
short and long
hypermedia are
few...obviously more
research is needed.”
(Eyuboglu and Orhan)
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8. GA Milestones EOC
The GA Milestones EOC software
matches the overall structure of a
computer hypermedia.
Georgia educates 1.6 million students
daily...Couldsimple visual elements
be giving millionsof students a
possible disservice?
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9. Pedagogical Structure of the EOC
AssessmentSoftware
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10. Does the
manipulation of
pagination
measurably
affect EOC
scores?
Q:

11. 11
Exploratory
Experimental
Quantitative

12. Matched Pairs
Experimental Design
I designed two tests, using the GA
Milestones assessments as a model
for the hypermedia:
A & B= experimental treatment
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13. 13
Experimental
Design

14. Paging - A
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15. Scrolling - B
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16. 16
Data Design
Block 1: 15 students Block 2: 15 students
A then B B then A

17. 17
Sessions Tests Scores
Session 1: A 33
Session 2: B 63
Block 1 example: Student #01
Two sessions per
participant
meant that scores
from each session
were collected
and analyzed as
matched pairs.

18. 18
Sessions Tests Scores
Session 1: B 59
Session 2: A 50
Block 2 example: Student #19
Two sessions per
participant
meant that scores
from each session
were collected
and analyzed as
matched pairs.

19. 19
One-Sample t Test for a difference in means
This statistical hypothesis test calculates the
probability of the test statistic being observed
assuming that the null hypothesis H0 is true.
H0 = "That the population mean difference is zero."

20. 20
Results
Eyuboglu &
Orhan
(2011)
Graff
(2003)
The
Literature

21. 21
P value = 24.4% = 0.24
Significance Level = 1 - 0.95 = 0.05
As the p value of 24.4% is greater than
the sig. level of 5%:
I failed to reject the null hypothesis.

22. There was no difference
in testing performance
when the scores were
statistically analyzed
between tests A and B.
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23. 23
Supporting Reports
“[When] analyzing ... hypermedia that
utilizes scrolling or paging, there was no
significant difference in participant
performance.”
(Eyuboglu and Orhan 2011)

24. 24
Opposing Reports
There was a significant difference in
testing performance across paginated
and non-paginated layouts.
(Graff 2003) -- An older study.

25. Implications
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26. References
￮ Affairs, Assistant Secretary for Public. Usability.gov. 18 October 2013.
https://www.usability.gov/what-and-why/glossary/p/index.html
(accessed March 12, 2019).
￮ Eyuboglu, Filiz, and Feza Orhan. “Paging and scrolling: Cognitive styles in
learning from hypermedia.”British Journal of Educational Technology, 2011.
￮ Georgia Department of Education. http://www.gadoe.org/Curriculum-
Instruction-and-Assessment/Assessment/Pages/Georgia-Milestones-
Assessment-System.aspx (accessed March 6, 2019).
￮ Graff, Martin. “Learning from web-based instructional systems and
cognitive style.”British Journal of Educational Technology, 2003: 4, 34, 407-
418.
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27. References
￮ Mackey, Travonnie. GA Milestones Online Testing Screencast. March 7,
2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDS026jzFg8 (accessed March
20, 2019).
￮ Niederhauser, Dale S., Ralph E. Reynolds, Donna J. Salmen, and Phil
Skolmoski. "The Influence of Cognitive Load on Learning from Hypertext."
Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2000: 237-255.
￮ Schade, Amy. Nielsen Norman Group. February 1, 2015.
https://www.nngroup.com/articles/page-fold-manifesto/ (accessed
March 1, 2019).
￮ Stat Trek. https://stattrek.com/statistics/dictionary.aspx?definition
=central_limit_theorem (accessed December 20, 2018).
￮ US Department of Health and Human Services. User Interface Elements.
https://www.usability.gov/how-to-and-tools/methods/user-interface-
elements.html (accessed 1 2019, March).
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28. More References & Attributions
￮ Gay, John. Rudolf Arnheim. 1950. Photographs, National Portrait
Gallery, London.
https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw119473/Ru
dolf-Arnheim.
￮ All other photos, unless personally created by me (Jorge Aquino),
are found under the Creative Commons license for free reuse
with modification or were included in the template.
￮ This Google Sheets template was designed by Jayden Smith.
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