The document outlines the use of packaged ammonia chillers in the cold chain, detailing the synthetic refrigerant timeline and key components of ammonia design concepts. It discusses UK government policies on HFC usage, cost comparisons between ammonia and R404A refrigerants, and case studies demonstrating ammonia systems in various applications. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of ammonia as a natural refrigerant, such as improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

1. Packaged Ammonia Chillers In The Cold Chain Dr Rob Lamb Sales and Marketing Director Star Refrigeration Ltd

2. Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline

3. Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Ammonia

4. Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Ammonia Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Ammonia Design Concept

5. Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Ammonia Design Concept Ammonia Design Concept Key Components

6. Ammonia Ammonia Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Design Concept Key Components Design Concept Key Components Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies

7. Design Concept Ammonia Key Components Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies

8. Design Concept Ammonia Key Components Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies Key Components Design Concept Ammonia Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies

9. Key Components Design Concept Ammonia Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies

10. Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline 1987 – Montreal Protocol 1987 - 2000 – CFC Phase-out 2000 – Ban on use of CFCs 2006 – Introduction of F-Gas Regulations for HFCs 2008 – Minimum engineering qualification in place 2009 – Restrictions on sale 2011 – EU review of F- Gas 1970s/80s– Aware of ozone depletion 2001 – Ban on new HCFC installations and start of production restrictions 2008 – 16% cut in production 2010 – Ban on use of virgin HCFCs 2015 – Ban on use of HCFCs 2007 – Leak testing and record keeping mandatory ???? 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

11. Key Components Design Concept Ammonia Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies Why ?

12. UK Government Policy “ HFC’s will only be used if other environmentally friendly alternatives are not available”

13. Global Warming Potential

14. Typical Refrigeration Plant Life Cycle Cost

15. Comparison – R404A vs Ammonia Direct expansion R404A air cooled condensing units with electric defrost

16. Comparison – R404A vs Ammonia Ammonia LPR with air cooled condensers and reverse cycle defrost

17. Comparison – R404A vs Ammonia £31,808 £54,060 Estimated Annual Running Cost @ 6p/kWhr 5.05 3.77 Compressor COP Reciprocating Reciprocating Compressor 2 7 No. Systems 312kW 312kW Heat Load Modular LPR Direct Expansion System Type Ammonia R404A Refrigerant

18. Ammonia – The Misconceptions Ammonia?

19. Ammonia – The Reality

20. Key Components Design Concept Ammonia Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies

21. Design Brief Low charge Small to medium capacity Simple to install Simple to maintain Best life cycle cost Longevity

22. Packaged Ammonia Pack Concept Low Pressure Receiver with Liquid Subcoolers

23. Key Components Design Concept Ammonia Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies

24. Packaged Unit Equipment

25. Completed Unit

26. Key Components Design Concept Ammonia Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies

27. Distribution Warehouse 103,000m 3 @ +2°C 910kW cooling No plant room 2 of 455kW packages 675kVA power limit Adiabatic pads +35°C design dry bulb +28°C mixed air on

28. Retail HVAC Cooling HFC replacement 500kW cooling Low charge 1 of 560kW packages Commissioned Factory load tested 160kg charge 0.3kg/kW

29. Food Production Facility R22 replacement Natural refrigerant policy 205kW cooling External location First ammonia system 1 of 300kW packages Factory load tested

30. Conclusions Commission and test before delivery Helps to overcomes end-user concerns Plug n play low charge ammonia solution Natural refrigerant interest Improved operating efficiency

31. Key Components Design Concept Ammonia Synthetic Refrigerant Timeline Case Studies