How Adults Tell: Messages for Society and Policy Makers Regarding Disclosures of Childhood Sexual Abuse

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Joseph Mooney LLB, MA (Social Work) UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre 9th BASPCAN Congress, Edinburgh 14th April 2015

Government & Nonprofit

How Adults Tell:
Messages for Society and Policy Makers Regarding Disclosures of
Childhood Sexual Abuse
Joseph Mooney LLB, MA (Social Work)
UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre
9th BASPCAN Congress, Edinburgh
Tuesday 14th April, 2015

Two Experiences of Telling…
Adult Disclosures to
Child Protection
Social Workers
Biographical
Narrative
Interviewing
Methodology (BNIM)

Context
Potential Harm to Children
Potential Harm to Adults
Confusion on front-line (Mooney, 2014)
Retrospective Disclosures
Children First: National Guidelines (DCYA, 2011)
Perfect
Storm

Rationale for Methodology
• Voices of Adults who have experienced childhood abuse
must be central
• Methodology: Needs to allow exploration of voice &
experience,
• Biographical Narrative Interviewing Methodology
(BNIM)

BNIM Process
SQUIN
Follow-Up
Questions
Reflection
Panel
Analysis

S.Q.U.I.N
Single Question Used to Induce Narrative
“As you will know from the information about the study I am researching adults’
experiences of disclosing or referring childhood sexual abuse to social work services.
I’m interested in what it is like for an adult who has experienced childhood sexual
abuse to refer that experience, or those experiences, to a child protection social
worker.
I’d like to hear your story of that experience. You can start at whatever point you
wish, I won’t interrupt or say anything throughout and will only listen and take some
brief notes for some follow up questions later. You may now begin whenever you
wish.”

Collecting Narratives
• Sample (N=10)
• One in Four
• Rape Crisis Network Ireland
• Ethical Issues and ‘Potential’ Sensitivity
• Cathartic Element
• Self-Care: Immediate Reflection and Supervision

BNIM Panel: Formation and Rationale
• As many different viewpoints as possible
• Main rationale - breakdown researcher bias and subjectivity
• Viewpoints Included:
Policy Advocacy
Frontline
CPSW
Academia CSATU

BNIM Panel Analysis:
Unravelling Narratives
• BDC – Segments of fact (what was said)
“Disclosed to my family and immediately referred to a psychiatrist at thirty years old”
(1in4-1)
• TSS - Segments of emotion/narrative (how it was said)
“So am, disclosed to my family and was referred to a psychiatrist, ah on the basis of getting a
baseline take on what was the damage done, what are we dealing with, I do come from a
medical background so it was a natural course of action for them to want to take in terms of
protecting me and wanting to understand what the hell they were dealing with.”
(1in4-1)

BNIM Interview: Themes
Power /
Control
Experience Information
Uncertainty
(The Grenade
Effect)

BNIM Panel: Themes
Power Infantilising
Approach /
Manner
Facilitators

Research in the area of Child Sexual Abuse
using BNIM
• Main advantages of using a BNIM approach
• Participant – empowerment, respect for their story, cathartic
• Panel – explore, reflect and create counter-hypotheses
• Exploring stories and experiences
• Conclusion

Do we want the story to end here?
“to this day I have no idea what happened… never… I walked out of the room,
I sent her more emails…..ah…… I have never been told….. You know, did they
ever go in to the school, did questions ever get asked, did…… I have no idea,
they wouldn’t tell us, they wouldn’t tell us anything…. So we just gave up”
(1in4-1)

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BASPCAN

The document summarizes a study that examined informal and formal support structures for young people who experienced child abuse. 53 young women and 7 young men between ages 18-24 who reported extensive victimization were interviewed. On average, it took 7.8 years to disclose experiences of child sexual abuse. Most initial disclosures were to informal sources like family and friends. Barriers to disclosure included lack of knowledge that the abuse was wrong and lack of trusted adults. Missed opportunities for intervention were identified at the individual, family, community, and system levels. Key recommendations included providing youth appropriate information about relationships early on, communicating with youth directly and sensitively, and ensuring professionals notice signs of struggle and ask youth directly about their experiences.

The Parents Under Pressure (PuP) Program

BASPCAN

The Parents Under Pressure (PuP) Program is a 12-module home-based parenting program that aims to reduce child abuse potential, parental stress, and child behavior problems. The modules can be addressed in any order based on family priorities and are supplemented by liaison with other social services. Studies have found the PuP program reduces child abuse potential, parental stress and improves child behavior, and for every 100 families treated there would be an estimated savings of AU$3.1 million.

Improving Decision-Making in Pre-birth Assessment: The OxPUP Project

BASPCAN

This document summarizes the OxPUP (Oxford Pre-birth Pathway) project, which aims to improve decision-making in pre-birth assessments. It describes the OxPUP pathway, which involves identifying high-risk families during pregnancy and providing intervention. It also discusses tools used in pre-birth and postnatal assessments. The document presents two case studies, one where the child remained with their parents and one where the child was removed at birth. It finds that OxPUP cases had lower foster care costs and shorter court times compared to non-OxPUP cases.

A Pilot Study on the Feasibility and Efficacy of the Parents Under Pressure (...

BASPCAN

1) The document describes the introduction of the Parents Under Pressure (PuP) program at Coolmine Therapeutic Community in Dublin to address gaps in supporting the parent-child relationship for mothers in residential treatment. 2) Quantitative and qualitative data were collected pre, mid, and post intervention to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of PuP. Results showed reductions in depression, anxiety and stress levels as well as improvements in parent-child functioning. 3) Qualitative interviews found that PuP helped participants better understand how their childhood trauma and addiction had negatively impacted parenting, but also increased hope by providing mindfulness techniques and a supportive group environment.

Engaging young advisors in creating strategies for increasing safety at the i...

BASPCAN

Young advisors from over 100 teenagers aged 13-21 across several European countries were engaged to advise on a project about increasing safety regarding new technologies and intimate partner violence. The advisors provided input on developing the project website and materials. Challenges included low online discussion participation and high turnover of advisors. Strategies to address this included providing incentives, flexible timing of meetings, and discussing issues in new ways like drawing. Key issues were lack of advisor ownership of the online space and lack of direct cross-country discussions. Recommendations included giving advisors control of social media and enabling international meetings.

Young People's Perspective on Online and Offline Experiences of Interpersonal...

BASPCAN

This document summarizes key findings from a study on young people's experiences with interpersonal violence and abuse both online and offline. The study included 100 interviews with young people ages 15-18 in several European countries. Key findings included: 1. Experiences of controlling behavior and surveillance both online and offline were normalized by some youth. This included pressure to share passwords and social media accounts. 2. Sending and receiving unwanted sexual images online was also normalized in some areas, though it caused distress for others, especially in tight-knit communities. 3. Both sexual pressure and physical/emotional violence occurred offline as well, with young women disproportionately impacted. 4. New technologies played a role

Incidence, nature and impact of online and offline forms of intimate partner ...

BASPCAN

This document summarizes a study exploring intimate partner violence among young people in five European countries. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, including expert workshops, a survey of 4,500 14-17 year olds, interviews with 100 young people, and development of an app. The survey finds high rates of online and offline emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Girls report more negative impacts than boys. Factors like family violence, bullying, and gendered attitudes predict greater risk. The study also examines sending and sharing of sexual images, finding it associated with greater intimate partner violence risk, especially for girls.

Teenage Intimate Partner Violence Online/Offline - Findings from Expert Consu...

BASPCAN

Perceived adult support and disclosure of maltreatment among Swedish adolesce...

BASPCAN

Babies on Top of the World: Early Intervention in the Indian Himalayas Part 3

BASPCAN

Babies on Top of the World: Early Intervention in the Indian Himalayas Part 2

BASPCAN

In Dehradun district of Uttarakhand, India, with a population of 1.7 million people, only around 1800 have access to reliable quality professional services. Most pediatricians in the area have little awareness of the importance of early intervention for children. Developmental disabilities can be present from birth or acquired later in life due to factors like malnutrition, anemia, neglect, or lack of stimulation, and many acquired disabilities can be prevented by proper care and support during early childhood years.

Babies on Top of the World: Early Intervention in the Indian Himalayas

BASPCAN

Babies On Top of the World documents early intervention programs for children with disabilities in remote areas of the Indian Himalayas run by the Latika Roy Foundation. The foundation operates 8 centers that serve over 300 children daily and monitors 500 high-risk infants annually, providing developmental assessments, therapy, and training parents and community health workers, though this still only reaches a small fraction of the estimated 66 million developmentally disabled children in India.

An Inclusive and Families Strengths Based Approach in Child Protection

BASPCAN

This document discusses East Lothian Council's adoption of a strengths-based, inclusive approach to child protection called Signs of Safety. It notes key reports and legislation driving this change and outlines East Lothian's multi-year implementation process beginning in 2011 with workshops and establishing governance groups. This included introducing Signs of Safety for initial case conferences in 2013 and all conferences, supervision, and core groups by 2014. Feedback found professionals and families felt meetings were inclusive and addressed risks fully, though plans were sometimes incomplete. This led to a research project on making plans more specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-based.

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