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This document discusses Kohlberg's stages of moral development. It explains that morality evolves through three levels of increasing complexity - pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Within each level are two stages, for a total of six stages. The stages progress from self-interest to upholding social order to respecting universal ethical principles. The document also examines Gilligan's theory of an ethics of care and questions whether there are gender differences in moral development.
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This document discusses influencing others through power, politics, networking and negotiation. It defines influencing as affecting others' attitudes and behavior to achieve an objective. There are two main sources of power - position power which comes from one's formal role, and personal power which comes from qualities like expertise. The document outlines different types of power such as reward, coercive, referent and expert power. It also discusses political behaviors like reciprocity and coalition building. The importance of networking for career advancement and job searching is emphasized. Effective negotiation strategies like planning, listening and avoiding making the first offer are presented.
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ADMJ2 Ch 1 - Introduction to Administration of Justice
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p305_pp07
- 1. Criminal Justice 2011 Class Name, Instructor Name Date, Semester
- 2. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved HEINZ DILEMMA • Making the right choice • Wife’s life • Druggists interests • Conscience 2
- 3. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved MORAL DEVELOPMENT • Morality - Evolves in a series of stages • Three levels 3
- 4. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality •Stage 1: Punishment and obedience •Stage 2: instrumental purpose and exchange 4
- 5. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved STAGE 1 Punishment and obedience orientation Ages 1-10 • Self-interests - self-focused morality • Abides by rules • Understands based on consequences 5
- 6. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved STAGE 2 The instrumental purpose and exchange orientation •Egoism •Morals further self-interest •Reciprocity 6
- 7. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT Level 2: Conventional morality •Stage 3: Interpersonal expectations and conformity •Stage 4: Law and order/social system maintenance 7
- 8. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved STAGE 3 Interpersonal expectations and conformity Age 10 • Concern for social rules • Conformity • Meet expectations of others 8
- 9. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved STAGE 4 The law and order orientation • Interest in laws • Need for laws • Respect for authority Stages 1 - 4 reflect natural development 9
- 10. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT Level 3: Post-conventional morality •Stage 5: Social Contract/Utility/Rights •Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles 10
- 11. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved STAGE 5 Social contract/legalism • Social good • Individual rights • Democratic procedures • Thinking vs. unthinking process 11
- 12. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved STAGE 6 Universal ethical principles • Most advanced • Few reach this stage • Fair and just • Civil disobedience 12
- 13. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved HOW DOES MORALITY DEVELOP? Characteristics of Police Practitioners with Education • More thought flexibility • Social awareness and diversity sensitive • Accept minorities • Understanding of human behavior • Empathetic • Communicators • Critical thinking • Tolerance toward others • Ethical 13
- 14. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved QUESTION Are there Gender Differences? 14
- 15. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved Gilligan’s Ethics of Care Morals • Pre-conventional • Conventional • Post conventional 15