Procuring Community Services and Outcome Based CommissioningClever Together
Robert Breedon (Partner, Wragge & Co) is an experienced commercial lawyer with expertise in the healthcare sector having worked at the Department of Health from 2006 to 2011. He advises on a range of commercial transactions including the use of various contractual models and commercial structures for the delivery of clinical services. He regularly advises on the use of innovative contractual structures (such as Alliance contracts and other joint ventures) for the delivery of integrated care.
Robert leads Wragge Lawrence Graham's support for Commissioners and has advised a number of CCGs on collaborative arrangements between health and social care commissioners. He also advises a number of independent sector clients who provide services or products to the NHS.
Financial Results for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2020KDDI
The figures included in the following brief, including the business performance target and the target for the number of subscribers are all projected data based on the information currently available to the KDDI Group, and are subject to variable factors such as economic conditions, a competitive environment and the future prospects for newly introduced services.
Accordingly, please be advised that the actual results of business performance or of the number of subscribers may differ substantially from the projections described here.
A Smarter Workforce is actually smarter when:
Behavioural science identifies what makes people good at what they do and organisations thrive because of it.
Technology just doesn’t drive efficiency, it fuels collective innovation.
Analytics is both a predictive and management tool critical for driving continual improvement
Procuring Community Services and Outcome Based CommissioningClever Together
Robert Breedon (Partner, Wragge & Co) is an experienced commercial lawyer with expertise in the healthcare sector having worked at the Department of Health from 2006 to 2011. He advises on a range of commercial transactions including the use of various contractual models and commercial structures for the delivery of clinical services. He regularly advises on the use of innovative contractual structures (such as Alliance contracts and other joint ventures) for the delivery of integrated care.
Robert leads Wragge Lawrence Graham's support for Commissioners and has advised a number of CCGs on collaborative arrangements between health and social care commissioners. He also advises a number of independent sector clients who provide services or products to the NHS.
Financial Results for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2020KDDI
The figures included in the following brief, including the business performance target and the target for the number of subscribers are all projected data based on the information currently available to the KDDI Group, and are subject to variable factors such as economic conditions, a competitive environment and the future prospects for newly introduced services.
Accordingly, please be advised that the actual results of business performance or of the number of subscribers may differ substantially from the projections described here.
A Smarter Workforce is actually smarter when:
Behavioural science identifies what makes people good at what they do and organisations thrive because of it.
Technology just doesn’t drive efficiency, it fuels collective innovation.
Analytics is both a predictive and management tool critical for driving continual improvement
Startup Stage - PropTech - Presentation by Naushard Jabir, Co-Founder & CEO of Vida at the NOAH Conference London 2017, Old Billingsgate on the 2nd of November 2017.
What Lies Ahead for ONC: Meaningful Use and BeyondBrian Ahier
Farzad Mostashari, MD, ScM serves as Deputy National Coordinator for Programs and Policy within the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
What are the challenges in measuring pulic sector efficiency? - Julian Kelly,...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Julian Kelly, United-kingdom, at the 37th Annual Meeting of OECD Senior Budget Officials held in Stockholm on 9-10 June 2016
Phase two of OpenAthens SP evolution including OpenID connect optionEduserv
David Orrell, System Architect and Phil Leahy, Service Relationship Manager, talk about Phase II of the OpenAthens Cloud Service Provider project, and also about how OpenAthens is being used as an identity provider service in the corporate sector.
Startup Stage - PropTech - Presentation by Naushard Jabir, Co-Founder & CEO of Vida at the NOAH Conference London 2017, Old Billingsgate on the 2nd of November 2017.
What Lies Ahead for ONC: Meaningful Use and BeyondBrian Ahier
Farzad Mostashari, MD, ScM serves as Deputy National Coordinator for Programs and Policy within the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
What are the challenges in measuring pulic sector efficiency? - Julian Kelly,...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Julian Kelly, United-kingdom, at the 37th Annual Meeting of OECD Senior Budget Officials held in Stockholm on 9-10 June 2016
Phase two of OpenAthens SP evolution including OpenID connect optionEduserv
David Orrell, System Architect and Phil Leahy, Service Relationship Manager, talk about Phase II of the OpenAthens Cloud Service Provider project, and also about how OpenAthens is being used as an identity provider service in the corporate sector.
Tim Lull, Vice President of Sales and Gar Sydnor, Vice President of Discovery Innovation, showcases EBSCO and how this product benefits the identity and access management community.
Phil Leahy, Service Relationship Manager covers our commitment to the publishing community as part of our Publisher Manifesto. David Orrell, System Architect, runs through phase one of our new service provider product.
Neil Scully, Head of Development and Service Delivery, shares the AGILE SCRUM and SPRINT process used in our product development methodology and the benefits this brings.
Tracy Gardner from Simon Inger Consulting presents the results of their 12 month research project, which included a survey of how over 40,000 readers discover scholarly content. The findings are pertinent to publishers and information professionals alike across sectors.
Jon Bentley, Commercial Director, shares the vision for our products, explains our brand evolution and presents key milestones in the development of our identity and access management (IAM) solutions. He also highlights the range of applications that work with OpenAthens.
Mike Brooksbank, Executive Director of OpenAthens, runs through the schedule of the day, plus an overview of OpenAthens and Eduserv, our last FY year and the year ahead.
Eduserv's Marketing Manager, Alex Bacon, presented at the B2B Network about his experience of content marketing and how to deliver valuable and engaging content to your audiences whilst generating leads at the same time.
This presentation by Jonathan Watkins of Maplesoft and the University of Birmingham was given to the Eduserv Maths and Stats Software Focus Group in June 2016. Möbius is a comprehensive online courseware environment that focuses on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). students can explore important concepts using engaging, interactive applications, visualize problems and solutions, and test their understanding by answering questions that are graded instantly.
This presentation was given to the Eduserv Maths and Stats Software Focus Group in June 2016. It focuses on updates to NVivo 11 for Windows and Mac, the new QSR Certification Programme and how QSR and the academic community might work more closely together.
Nick Wallace, Government Analyst, Public Sector Ovum
Momentum for the adoption of cloud services continues to grow in the public sector as services mature and agencies experience in buying and using cloud services grows. As agencies steadily incorporate various cloud components into their environment, it is clear that public sector organisations are starting to realise the benefits of cloud. In fact if one where creating a “greenfield” service, “in the cloud” would be the default approach. However the reality is that most institutions are not in this position. Most have to manage a legacy environment that comprises aging technology, duplicate, inefficient and inconsistent business processes. Developing and implementing a staged migration to cloud will be pivotal when determining whether the “as-a-service” promise facilitates innovation or undermines organisational integrity
Planning your cloud strategy: Adur and Worthing CouncilsEduserv
Paul Brewer, Director for Digital & Resources at Adur & Worthing Council.
How do you assess your organisations readiness to move to the cloud and adopt new platforms drive business change? Paul Brewer from Adur and Worthing Councils will be sharing how they evaluated whether cloud was right for them, the talk will cover how they evaluated the benefits, costs and risks of moving to the cloud, and how they used this assessment to support and build their cloud strategy.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Owain Davies - The value of syndicating health information - an NHS case study
1. The value of syndicating health information
– an NHS Direct Case Study
Owain Davies John Simcock
Head of Digital Charity and Health
Service Development Sector Manager
2. The value of syndicating health
information
Owain Davies, Head of Digital Service Development
3. “ Content is at the heart of the
successful digital experience.
Finding the right content partners
can make your website stand out
”
and drive results
10. The market for digital healthcare
of internet users look for health online
75% (England = 38 million)
of users looking at health on the
internet are trying to self diagnose
46% (England = 18 million)
McDaid & Park, 2010
11. Is digital appropriate?
Digital healthcare delivery has been shown to:
increase access to care
increase patient empowerment
reduce costs
achieve equal or better quality of care
Nijland et al 2009, Umeford et al 2006, Bodenheimer et al 2002, Kerr et al 2006, Samoocha et al 2010
13. Aims of multichannel
Improve access
allow the public to interact where they want to
Improve the service
deliver something other channels can’t
Create demand
encourage use of the service by making it available in more places
Create cost efficiency
deliver services for a lower cost
14. What’s the impact?
1% reduction in
face to face consultation
saves the NHS £200m
Department of Health, 2011, Innovation, Health and Wealth
15. Online health and symptom checkers
Online tools
Quick and easy
to use
Expert driven
assessment
16. Simple to use
Patient is guided through questions, step by step
17. What are the outcomes?
Online symptom checker
Referred
Callback
Self care Web chat to GP,
from
advice Pharmacy with NHS A&E,
NHS
online Direct Dentist or
Direct
999
Decreasing demand on core NHS services
18. The cost of NHS treatment
*
£219 ***
£8-12
£95
*
- or -
**
£0.12 ****
£32
* DH Reference Costs 2009/10 *** Connecting for Health/University of Sheffield, Second Interim Report, Oct 11
** PSSRU Unit Costs for Social Care 2009/10 **** NHS Direct service evaluation 2012
19. Effect on the health economy
£57 million
Saved in the health economy in 2010/11
21. Operational model for content
Our objective is reach and usage, and to
achieve this we adopt a model that is:
Platform agnostic
Destination agnostic
23. Destination agnostic
High quality NHS content
Other Specialist
Commercial
NHS sites
sites
sites
24. Dr Google
Online information dominated by search engines, so high
visibility is key – people may not look for your service, but for
the thing they want to do
30. Benefits of the content approach
Content provider Host website
Achieves high levels of reach Provides expert content far
for the content cheaper than self creation
Places provider brand in a wider Can be customised to maintain
range of locations sense of unique content
Reduces risk associated with
Helps diffuse creation cost
assuring content
Provides stream of
Profile of partnership working
users and/or revenue
*2010/11 figures
31. Leveraging content
Sites bringing content in can leverage its effectiveness in
driving traffic or revenue by:
Customising content
Framing content with other relevant information
SEO activity to drive traffic
Deals with affiliates and referrers
35. Conclusions
Syndication of quality digital content improves:
access and quality for patients
investment returns for organisations
quality and traffic for partners
36. Thank you for listening
Any questions?
Visit Eduserv at stand 159
Editor's Notes
Good afternoon [Introductions] For those who aren’t familiar with NHS Direct, we are an NHS trust and we currently run a national health telephone line on 0845 46 47, as well as a digital symptom checker service and a number of other smaller services. Today’s presentation is about “Future Health”. The NHS is going through a time of major change, and NHS Direct is no different. The commissioning structure is changing, and we’re changing as an organization. But for today, we’re taking a bit of a step out from the immediate future, and looking at some of the big drivers for changing healthcare in the future, especially as it relates to digital services.
There has been an explosion in the range of channels which the public use, and of course, brands and organisations have followed them to these channels, providing a much wider range of engagement opportunities to those which were around even 10 years ago. Successful organisations are doing a great job of engaging people through these new channels, and that applies across all sectors, both commercial and public sector. In fact, from a consumer’s point of view, they expect the same high levels of service regardless of who the provider is, whether it is John Lewis or the NHS. The change has been huge, and focused around technology.
There are four key drivers for successful change in healthcare, and especially for the NHS There are to improve access – helping more people access services, or find the information they need. This is especially true if you can target hard to reach groups, which includes quite a range, with your possibly expected segments such as those in deprived areas, and the socially excluded, but also includes young men, who are very hard to engage in healthcare You can also improve the service, making it better for the people who use it. Patient satisfaction is a key measure for NHS organisations, and for all those organisations wishing to provide NHS services. In a multi-channel world, we can think about this in terms of delivering services that wouldn’t be possible through other routes Of course, you might want to create demand for your services. In the NHS, this is sometimes seen as counter-intuitive, as increased demand is increased cost, but of course, here we mean ‘appropriate’ demand – making sure people present at the right time Lastly, a major theme for organisations, regardless of what sector you are in, is striving for cost efficiency. Multi-channel can be very effective in helping deliver this, and we are going to show you how we’ve achieved it.
If you think back, we talked about all the different options for urgent and emergency care. Now, here are some of the associated costs. We can see that every time you call 999 for an ambulance, it costs £219 If you go to A&E, and are seen by a doctor, without any tests or treatments, it costs £95. Your GP costs around £32 for a 10 minute appointment Compare that to the remote channels – On the telephone, the latest figures on NHS 111 reference price puts it at around 8 – 12 pounds per call, Or better still, a patient treating themselves with digital information can cost as little as five pence We saw a couple of slides ago the millions of contacts per year that we deal with digitally, and that creates a signficant number of people who then do not need to attend one of the traditional routes to healthcare
The end result is that last year, our one digital service saved the NHS 57 million pounds That is money that can be reinvested for further improvements in any of the areas we’ve mentioned.
Lastly, we come to cost efficiency. An important topic in the public sector, and also for most commercial organisations, in a time of economic uncertainty.