A manufacturing planning and control system combines physical manufacturing control, procedural manufacturing control, and manufacturing control technology to monitor operations, activate notifications, and analyze logic. Early systems relied mainly on the physical layout and lacked logical control. Over time, concepts like quantity production, statistical process control, and economic analysis were introduced. The development of computers in the 1950s-1970s allowed for more integrated planning systems like MRP, but these were still only used by a small number of large companies until costs decreased.
History of production and operations managementPrashant Ranka
This document provides a summary of a presentation on the history of production and operations management given by Prashant Ranka. It discusses key concepts and contributors in the evolution of production management, including Adam Smith's specialization of labor theory from 1776, Eli Whitney's interchangeable parts from 1799, Frederick Taylor's scientific management techniques from the 1900s, and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's motion study and time study innovations. It also summarizes milestones like the Industrial Revolution, developments in the post-Civil War period, operations research applications during World War II, the computer revolution, and the growth of services management.
Evolution of production & operation managementFaizan Ahmad
The document summarizes the historical evolution of production and operation management from the 18th century to the present. It traces key developments such as Adam Smith's theories of specialization of labor in 1776, Frederick Taylor's scientific management principles from 1900, the development of operations research during World War 2, the introduction of computers and digital technology from the 1940s-1950s, and more recent incorporations of concepts like quality management, robotics, and CAD-CAM. The evolution has involved an increasing focus on integrating operations with overall business strategy and using analytical techniques and new technologies to improve productivity and quality over time.
Evolution of production and operations managementGauransh Gandhi
The evolution of production and operations management can be traced through several historical milestones: 1) The Industrial Revolution saw the rise of factories powered by steam engines and specialization of labor; 2) During the Post-Civil War period, production capacity greatly expanded; 3) Scientific Management, pioneered by Frederick Taylor, involved setting standards, time studies, and incentive pay; 4) Human Relations and Behaviorism recognized the impact of psychological factors on workers; 5) Operations Research was developed during World War II to optimize complex military operations and was later applied to business; 6) A Service Revolution occurred after World War II as services grew to dominate economies.
The document traces the historical development of major management theories from the Industrial Revolution to modern times. It discusses early theorists like Adam Smith and developments like the cotton gin. It then summarizes scientific management theorists like Taylor who applied scientific principles to work. Next it covers the human relations movement and theorists like Mayo who studied how social factors impact work. Other topics summarized include management functions developed by Gulick and Fayol, and later quality management theories like Total Quality Management proposed by Deming.
Operation and production management has evolved over centuries from early manufacturing management concepts to current practices. Originally focused on manufacturing, it grew to include services and new approaches like just-in-time systems, total quality management, and supply chain management. Operation management now encompasses all business functions and aims to efficiently transform resources into products and services through processes like minimizing waste and increasing flexibility.
The document traces the evolution of manufacturing and operations management from the industrial revolution to modern concepts like supply chain management, e-commerce, and mass customization. Key developments include the rise of the factory system and assembly line techniques in the early 1900s, the growth of automation and flexible manufacturing systems in the 20th century, the emergence of statistical process control and total quality management, and the three generations of mass customization driven by new technologies and customer demands.
This document summarizes the evolution of production systems from ancient times to the present. It describes how the cottage system was replaced by the factory system during the Industrial Revolution due to mechanization. It then outlines key developments like scientific management pioneered by Taylor, assembly lines popularized by Ford, and the human relations movement sparked by the Hawthorne Studies. The document concludes by noting how operations management has been influenced by developments like operations research, enterprise resource planning, and communication technologies.
History Of Production Operations Management (POM)Mudassar Salman
This document provides an overview of operations management, including its history and key concepts. It discusses how operations management has evolved over time, from the Industrial Revolution to today. Key developments include scientific management, human relations approaches, and the growth of services. The document also describes how operations management involves coordinating an organization's resources and processes to create goods and services. It discusses studying operations management through the lenses of systems and decision-making.
History of production and operations managementPrashant Ranka
This document provides a summary of a presentation on the history of production and operations management given by Prashant Ranka. It discusses key concepts and contributors in the evolution of production management, including Adam Smith's specialization of labor theory from 1776, Eli Whitney's interchangeable parts from 1799, Frederick Taylor's scientific management techniques from the 1900s, and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's motion study and time study innovations. It also summarizes milestones like the Industrial Revolution, developments in the post-Civil War period, operations research applications during World War II, the computer revolution, and the growth of services management.
Evolution of production & operation managementFaizan Ahmad
The document summarizes the historical evolution of production and operation management from the 18th century to the present. It traces key developments such as Adam Smith's theories of specialization of labor in 1776, Frederick Taylor's scientific management principles from 1900, the development of operations research during World War 2, the introduction of computers and digital technology from the 1940s-1950s, and more recent incorporations of concepts like quality management, robotics, and CAD-CAM. The evolution has involved an increasing focus on integrating operations with overall business strategy and using analytical techniques and new technologies to improve productivity and quality over time.
Evolution of production and operations managementGauransh Gandhi
The evolution of production and operations management can be traced through several historical milestones: 1) The Industrial Revolution saw the rise of factories powered by steam engines and specialization of labor; 2) During the Post-Civil War period, production capacity greatly expanded; 3) Scientific Management, pioneered by Frederick Taylor, involved setting standards, time studies, and incentive pay; 4) Human Relations and Behaviorism recognized the impact of psychological factors on workers; 5) Operations Research was developed during World War II to optimize complex military operations and was later applied to business; 6) A Service Revolution occurred after World War II as services grew to dominate economies.
The document traces the historical development of major management theories from the Industrial Revolution to modern times. It discusses early theorists like Adam Smith and developments like the cotton gin. It then summarizes scientific management theorists like Taylor who applied scientific principles to work. Next it covers the human relations movement and theorists like Mayo who studied how social factors impact work. Other topics summarized include management functions developed by Gulick and Fayol, and later quality management theories like Total Quality Management proposed by Deming.
Operation and production management has evolved over centuries from early manufacturing management concepts to current practices. Originally focused on manufacturing, it grew to include services and new approaches like just-in-time systems, total quality management, and supply chain management. Operation management now encompasses all business functions and aims to efficiently transform resources into products and services through processes like minimizing waste and increasing flexibility.
The document traces the evolution of manufacturing and operations management from the industrial revolution to modern concepts like supply chain management, e-commerce, and mass customization. Key developments include the rise of the factory system and assembly line techniques in the early 1900s, the growth of automation and flexible manufacturing systems in the 20th century, the emergence of statistical process control and total quality management, and the three generations of mass customization driven by new technologies and customer demands.
This document summarizes the evolution of production systems from ancient times to the present. It describes how the cottage system was replaced by the factory system during the Industrial Revolution due to mechanization. It then outlines key developments like scientific management pioneered by Taylor, assembly lines popularized by Ford, and the human relations movement sparked by the Hawthorne Studies. The document concludes by noting how operations management has been influenced by developments like operations research, enterprise resource planning, and communication technologies.
History Of Production Operations Management (POM)Mudassar Salman
This document provides an overview of operations management, including its history and key concepts. It discusses how operations management has evolved over time, from the Industrial Revolution to today. Key developments include scientific management, human relations approaches, and the growth of services. The document also describes how operations management involves coordinating an organization's resources and processes to create goods and services. It discusses studying operations management through the lenses of systems and decision-making.
The document discusses the operational management of an organization. It covers operational objectives, factors affecting objectives, the heritage of operational management, ethics and social responsibility, and the strategic role of operational management. Some key points include: operational objectives are short term goals set by middle managers to achieve long term strategic goals; factors like available finances, size, customers, and regulations can influence objectives; the heritage of OM includes contributions from thinkers like Adam Smith, Frederick Taylor, and Henry Ford; ethics and social responsibility are important for OM; and the strategic role of OM is to help achieve market opportunities and efficiently convert inputs to outputs.
Mass production involves manufacturing large quantities of standardized products using assembly line techniques. It was popularized in the early 1900s by Henry Ford's automobile company. Ford designed the first moving assembly line in 1913, revolutionizing car manufacturing. Mass production allows for high output, quality control, and lower costs through division of labor and mechanization. Key developments included statistical process control by Walter Shewhart, the economic order quantity formula by Ford Harris, and material requirements planning. Mass production transformed work by subdividing tasks and requiring large management structures.
Production planning and control (PPC) involves planning production processes, monitoring progress, and ensuring goals are met on time and according to specifications. Key aspects of PPC include production planning, control, routing, scheduling, loading, dispatching, follow up, inspection, and corrective measures. PPC aims to optimize resource use, coordinate activities, reduce costs, and increase production efficiency and quality. Toyota further developed these concepts using just-in-time production and respect for people. Overall, effective PPC is critical for the success of manufacturing organizations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses:
1) The historical evolution of production and operations management from Adam Smith's theories in the 18th century to more modern developments.
2) Key concepts including the definition of production as the transformation of inputs into outputs with value added at each stage.
3) The components and characteristics of a production system, and classifications including job shop, batch, mass and continuous production systems.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses:
1) The historical evolution of production and operations management from Adam Smith's theories in the 18th century to more modern developments.
2) Key concepts including the definition of production as the transformation of inputs into outputs with value added at each stage.
3) The components and characteristics of a production system, including classification into types such as job shops, batch production, and mass production.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses the historical evolution of the field from Adam Smith's theories of specialization of labor in the 1700s to more modern contributions. It defines key concepts like production, production systems (job shop, batch, mass, continuous), and the objectives and differences between production management and operations management. The document outlines the general planning, organizing, and controlling functions of operations management.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses:
1) The historical evolution of production and operations management from Adam Smith's theories in the 18th century to more modern developments.
2) Key concepts including the definition of production as the transformation of inputs into outputs with value added at each stage.
3) The components and characteristics of a production system, and classifications including job shop, batch, mass and continuous production systems.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses:
1) The historical evolution of production and operations management from Adam Smith's theories in the 18th century to more modern developments.
2) Key concepts including the definition of production as the transformation of inputs into outputs with value added at each stage.
3) The components and characteristics of a production system, including classification into types such as job shops, batch production, and mass production.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses the historical evolution of the field from Adam Smith's theories of specialization of labor in the 1700s to more modern contributions. It defines key concepts like production, production systems (job shop, batch, mass, continuous), and the objectives and differences between production management and operations management. The document outlines the general planning, organizing, and controlling functions of operations management.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses the historical evolution of the field from Adam Smith's theories of specialization of labor in the 1700s to more modern contributions. It defines key concepts like production, production systems (job shop, batch, mass, continuous), and the objectives and differences between production management and operations management. The document outlines the general planning, organizing, and controlling functions of operations management.
Production planning and control (PPC) coordinates production activities with market demands to satisfy customers while maintaining economic production. PPC has evolved from early industrial management methods to modern scientific approaches using computers. PPC is needed for India's developing economy to accelerate productivity and compete globally by minimizing inefficiencies, optimizing processes, and reducing costs to produce quality goods at low prices.
Production planning and control (PPC) involves planning production activities, routing work, scheduling operations, loading work assignments, and following up to ensure work is progressing as planned. PPC has evolved since the late 19th century as factories grew in size and complexity. The Toyota Production System is renowned for its use of PPC principles like just-in-time production and continuous improvement. PPC allows for optimized resource use, cost control, and coordinated plant activities when implemented effectively.
The document discusses key concepts in industrial engineering including:
1. It provides definitions of industrial engineering, discusses its history and development from the 18th century onwards, and lists some of the main techniques used such as work study, time study, layout planning, and material handling.
2. Work study and time study are described as important techniques for improving productivity through methods analysis and setting standard times.
3. Other core techniques mentioned are layout planning to optimize space utilization and material flow, and production planning and control to coordinate activities and resources.
4. The role of industrial engineers is highlighted as designing, improving, and implementing integrated systems involving people, equipment, and processes to efficiently achieve organizational goals.
Operations research originated from efforts during World War II to allocate scarce military resources effectively. Scientists applied analytical methods to problems like radar use, convoy operations, and antisubmarine warfare, helping Allied forces win key battles. After the war, consultants saw parallels between military and business problems and introduced OR to optimize non-military operations. Today OR is used widely to make optimal decisions across many domains under constraints.
This document discusses production and operations management. It begins with definitions of production management and operations management. It then provides a historical overview of the evolution of the field from Adam Smith's specialization of labor to more modern contributions. The rest of the document defines concepts related to production systems including inputs, transformation processes, outputs, and classifications like job shop, batch, mass, and continuous production.
Compiled By: Mr. Gokul O
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Pattoor
According to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Syllabus
Subject- Industrial Engineering
Course code- ME404
Topic 1- Introduction of Production and Operation Management(1).pptxTanishaSaraf1
The document discusses the history and evolution of production and operations management. It can be summarized as:
1) Production/operations management evolved from manufacturing management in the 18th century to the current operations management approach since the 1970s. Key contributors and developments are noted for each era.
2) The objectives of production and operations management are to produce quality products in the right quantities, on time, and at the lowest manufacturing cost.
3) Production management combines resources like materials, machines, people, and information through a transformation process to produce outputs like products and services for customers.
The document discusses the history and evolution of production and operations management. It can be summarized as:
1) Production/operations management emerged from manufacturing management in the 18th century and has evolved through several stages to its current form.
2) Key contributors and developments include specialization of labor by Adam Smith in 1776, time and motion studies by Frederick Taylor in the early 1900s, statistical quality control methods in the 1930s, and just-in-time practices from 1970 onward.
3) The objectives of production/operations management are to produce quality products in the right quantities, on time, and at lowest manufacturing cost. It aims to efficiently transform inputs like materials, labor, and machines into valuable
This document provides an overview of topics related to inventory control and management that will be covered in an inventory control course. The course will cover deterministic and stochastic inventory models, including lot sizing models and extensions, reorder point determination, quantity discounts, and multi-echelon models. It will also discuss newsvendor models, production smoothing, forecasting, and the implementation of inventory systems. The document outlines the importance of inventory management and different types of inventory systems. It provides a general framework for inventory models that considers factors like demand, lead times, costs, and information technology.
The document discusses the operational management of an organization. It covers operational objectives, factors affecting objectives, the heritage of operational management, ethics and social responsibility, and the strategic role of operational management. Some key points include: operational objectives are short term goals set by middle managers to achieve long term strategic goals; factors like available finances, size, customers, and regulations can influence objectives; the heritage of OM includes contributions from thinkers like Adam Smith, Frederick Taylor, and Henry Ford; ethics and social responsibility are important for OM; and the strategic role of OM is to help achieve market opportunities and efficiently convert inputs to outputs.
Mass production involves manufacturing large quantities of standardized products using assembly line techniques. It was popularized in the early 1900s by Henry Ford's automobile company. Ford designed the first moving assembly line in 1913, revolutionizing car manufacturing. Mass production allows for high output, quality control, and lower costs through division of labor and mechanization. Key developments included statistical process control by Walter Shewhart, the economic order quantity formula by Ford Harris, and material requirements planning. Mass production transformed work by subdividing tasks and requiring large management structures.
Production planning and control (PPC) involves planning production processes, monitoring progress, and ensuring goals are met on time and according to specifications. Key aspects of PPC include production planning, control, routing, scheduling, loading, dispatching, follow up, inspection, and corrective measures. PPC aims to optimize resource use, coordinate activities, reduce costs, and increase production efficiency and quality. Toyota further developed these concepts using just-in-time production and respect for people. Overall, effective PPC is critical for the success of manufacturing organizations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses:
1) The historical evolution of production and operations management from Adam Smith's theories in the 18th century to more modern developments.
2) Key concepts including the definition of production as the transformation of inputs into outputs with value added at each stage.
3) The components and characteristics of a production system, and classifications including job shop, batch, mass and continuous production systems.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses:
1) The historical evolution of production and operations management from Adam Smith's theories in the 18th century to more modern developments.
2) Key concepts including the definition of production as the transformation of inputs into outputs with value added at each stage.
3) The components and characteristics of a production system, including classification into types such as job shops, batch production, and mass production.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses the historical evolution of the field from Adam Smith's theories of specialization of labor in the 1700s to more modern contributions. It defines key concepts like production, production systems (job shop, batch, mass, continuous), and the objectives and differences between production management and operations management. The document outlines the general planning, organizing, and controlling functions of operations management.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses:
1) The historical evolution of production and operations management from Adam Smith's theories in the 18th century to more modern developments.
2) Key concepts including the definition of production as the transformation of inputs into outputs with value added at each stage.
3) The components and characteristics of a production system, and classifications including job shop, batch, mass and continuous production systems.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses:
1) The historical evolution of production and operations management from Adam Smith's theories in the 18th century to more modern developments.
2) Key concepts including the definition of production as the transformation of inputs into outputs with value added at each stage.
3) The components and characteristics of a production system, including classification into types such as job shops, batch production, and mass production.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses the historical evolution of the field from Adam Smith's theories of specialization of labor in the 1700s to more modern contributions. It defines key concepts like production, production systems (job shop, batch, mass, continuous), and the objectives and differences between production management and operations management. The document outlines the general planning, organizing, and controlling functions of operations management.
This document provides an introduction and overview of production and operations management. It discusses the historical evolution of the field from Adam Smith's theories of specialization of labor in the 1700s to more modern contributions. It defines key concepts like production, production systems (job shop, batch, mass, continuous), and the objectives and differences between production management and operations management. The document outlines the general planning, organizing, and controlling functions of operations management.
Production planning and control (PPC) coordinates production activities with market demands to satisfy customers while maintaining economic production. PPC has evolved from early industrial management methods to modern scientific approaches using computers. PPC is needed for India's developing economy to accelerate productivity and compete globally by minimizing inefficiencies, optimizing processes, and reducing costs to produce quality goods at low prices.
Production planning and control (PPC) involves planning production activities, routing work, scheduling operations, loading work assignments, and following up to ensure work is progressing as planned. PPC has evolved since the late 19th century as factories grew in size and complexity. The Toyota Production System is renowned for its use of PPC principles like just-in-time production and continuous improvement. PPC allows for optimized resource use, cost control, and coordinated plant activities when implemented effectively.
The document discusses key concepts in industrial engineering including:
1. It provides definitions of industrial engineering, discusses its history and development from the 18th century onwards, and lists some of the main techniques used such as work study, time study, layout planning, and material handling.
2. Work study and time study are described as important techniques for improving productivity through methods analysis and setting standard times.
3. Other core techniques mentioned are layout planning to optimize space utilization and material flow, and production planning and control to coordinate activities and resources.
4. The role of industrial engineers is highlighted as designing, improving, and implementing integrated systems involving people, equipment, and processes to efficiently achieve organizational goals.
Operations research originated from efforts during World War II to allocate scarce military resources effectively. Scientists applied analytical methods to problems like radar use, convoy operations, and antisubmarine warfare, helping Allied forces win key battles. After the war, consultants saw parallels between military and business problems and introduced OR to optimize non-military operations. Today OR is used widely to make optimal decisions across many domains under constraints.
This document discusses production and operations management. It begins with definitions of production management and operations management. It then provides a historical overview of the evolution of the field from Adam Smith's specialization of labor to more modern contributions. The rest of the document defines concepts related to production systems including inputs, transformation processes, outputs, and classifications like job shop, batch, mass, and continuous production.
Compiled By: Mr. Gokul O
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Pattoor
According to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Syllabus
Subject- Industrial Engineering
Course code- ME404
Topic 1- Introduction of Production and Operation Management(1).pptxTanishaSaraf1
The document discusses the history and evolution of production and operations management. It can be summarized as:
1) Production/operations management evolved from manufacturing management in the 18th century to the current operations management approach since the 1970s. Key contributors and developments are noted for each era.
2) The objectives of production and operations management are to produce quality products in the right quantities, on time, and at the lowest manufacturing cost.
3) Production management combines resources like materials, machines, people, and information through a transformation process to produce outputs like products and services for customers.
The document discusses the history and evolution of production and operations management. It can be summarized as:
1) Production/operations management emerged from manufacturing management in the 18th century and has evolved through several stages to its current form.
2) Key contributors and developments include specialization of labor by Adam Smith in 1776, time and motion studies by Frederick Taylor in the early 1900s, statistical quality control methods in the 1930s, and just-in-time practices from 1970 onward.
3) The objectives of production/operations management are to produce quality products in the right quantities, on time, and at lowest manufacturing cost. It aims to efficiently transform inputs like materials, labor, and machines into valuable
This document provides an overview of topics related to inventory control and management that will be covered in an inventory control course. The course will cover deterministic and stochastic inventory models, including lot sizing models and extensions, reorder point determination, quantity discounts, and multi-echelon models. It will also discuss newsvendor models, production smoothing, forecasting, and the implementation of inventory systems. The document outlines the importance of inventory management and different types of inventory systems. It provides a general framework for inventory models that considers factors like demand, lead times, costs, and information technology.
Similar to Overview of manufacturing system history (20)
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Overview of manufacturing system history
1. MANUFACTURING
PLANNING AND CONTROL
SYSTEMS
Prepared by
Muhammad Waqas Hanif UW-14-ME-BSC-089
Muhammad Abubakar UW-14-ME-BSC-079
Fawad Alam Khan UW-14-ME-BSC-091
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Wah Engineering College
2. MANUFACTURING
PLANNING AND CONTROL SYSTEM
• It is a system of “things” that work together to control what is done
where, by who, using what set of resources (machines, tools, and
materials), at what time, and in what quantity[1].
• Controlling also implies setting expectations or knowing what the
expectations are, measuring the realized manufacturing performance
and outcomes, knowing what is where, what has been done, providing
feedback, and making necessary corrections so that the expectations
and goals can be met, or at least be better met in the future[2].
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 2
3. MANUFACTURING
PLANNING AND CONTROL SYSTEM
A manufacturing planning and control system will combine the
following elements:
• Physical manufacturing control
• Procedural manufacturing control
• Manufacturing control technology – monitoring and informing,
activation and notification, and logic and analysis
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 3
4. PRE-1900
• In the early 1700s, , high volumes of products were manufactured with little logical
manufacturing control.
• The majority of control was imposed by the layout and physical nature of the plant.
• There was little competition and in the case of the military units, the focus was on basic
production and not on the efficiency and effectiveness of the manufacturing process.
• For Example , The Lombe brothers constructed a large-scale silk mill in Derby and
experience a deficiency in improvement of control systems
• At the end of the 1700s, Boulton and Watt had collaborated at the famous Soho
Manufactory [4]
• The Portsmouth Block Mill of the early 1800s (Wilkins 1999) and the American armouries
of the same time period also introduced manufacturing control innovations[5].
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 4
5. PRE-1900
• Lombe and Watt also had business structures similar to that of a
monopoly and while manufacturing was controlled, extreme levels of
transactional analysis was not needed.
• By the1830s, the concepts of quantity and economic production were
being discussed.
• Starting in the mid-1800s, manufacturing activity expanded rapidly
• The late 1800s manufacturers were looking for ways of reducing the
chaos[6].
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 5
6. PRE-1900
• Lewis (1896) might be the first manufacturing management text. Lewis
provides a very thorough discussion and mapping of a factory’s decision
making and information flow, details the cost accounting, and describes how
manufacturing was orchestrated from order taking to shipping[7].
• Taylor focused on a subset of manufacturing management
• Lewis described the whole organization. This was a British publication, and no
equivalent North American publication appeared for at least two decades.
• The systemization of manufacturing would prove to be challenge in last
decades of 1800
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 6
7. 1900–1930
• During these three decades, the manufacturing sector saw the mass systemization
of production and associated activities
• There were many articles and publications written during this period covering an
immense range of topics Subjects included
what individual operators were doing and how to supervise them.
incentive schemes
how to organize resources in functional and process arrangements
mass production and continuous improvement,
economic analysis of inventory hand-to-mouth inventor
statistical process control
reconfigurable production lines
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 7
8. 1900–1930
• Any systematic form of control and organization was an exception and as noted by
Emerson (1909), the general state of manufacturing was mass confusion and the first
order of business was to systemize and bring some order to the process[8]
• The idea of just-in-time inventory(hand-to-mouth) was widely used in the 1920s.
• For example, Nash (1928) had daily turns of inventory at his automotive assembly
plant and there were many examples of lean supply chains and controlled inventory.
• Throughout industry there were many assembly lines and material handling devices
deployed, but there was little evidence of large numbers of companies actually using
statistical process control, economic analysis of inventory, or other algorithmic types
of procedural or logistical manufacturing control
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 8
9. 1900–1930
• As noted by Alford (1934), the majority of manufacturing activity was relatively basic
and did not require or use many of these ideas.
• Knoeppel and Seybold (1937) pointed out that in general the prescriptions, tools, and
concepts created by the early Industrial Engineers were rarely used[9].
• Even in the early 1900s, the physical and control technology was rudimentary and
was composed of the typical functional, product and process flows combined with
basic book-keeping
• One of the most common topics throughout this era was that of tracking and planning
boards
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 9
10. 1900–1930
• Gantt’s 1919 work is perhaps the best known of the graphical display methods,
but there were others such as Knoeppel (1915, 1920) who was a consultant like
Gantt and proposed a variety of ways to present, plan, and track work through
factories [10].
• In this period, many mechanical planning boards and production control tools
were developed to help plan, track and predict factory operations
• There were also many card and filing systems created to account for and to track
production, some using IBM’s punched cards.
• Based on descriptions found in American Statistical Association (1950), it would
appear that statistical tools such as sampling methods were used extensively in
the World War II production effort but not before.
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 10
11. 1900–1930
• For actual planning and scheduling, very little mathematical analysis was
proposed to help with sequencing decisions. This is not in itself surprising
since the manual effort to mathematically analyze any reasonably realistic
industrial scheduling problem would have been prohibitive.
• Knoeppel (1915) recommended using a numerical ratio to determine the best
time to start a subsequent operation when overlapping tasks, which is the
only example of a scheduling or dispatching heuristic that can be found from
this era. Note that this dealt with the operations within a job and not really
sequencing multiple operations on the same machine [11].
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 11
12. THE 1950S, 1960S, AND EARLY 1970S
• In the era before the wide-spread use of computerized MRP, a factory with even a
modest amount of product variety and process complexity found that they had a very
difficult planning and scheduling task.
• Koepke (1941) describes one factory using approximately thirty people to generate
a 2-week plan. It took them 2 weeks with overtime to prepare the next 2-week plan.
The amount of paperwork and manual effort was just daunting.
• It is little wonder that the majority of manufacturing used statistical, order point or
quantity reordering schemes which were independent of actual orders or demand
even as late as the early 1970s
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 12
13. THE 1950S, 1960S, AND EARLY 1970S
• The first computer was sold for business purposes in approximately 1954 and the
traditional areas were pay-roll, sales analysis, accounting, and cost analysis
• Reinfeld points out that the adoption of computers into production control was very
slow with only a few companies doing it (e.g., large aircraft companies, General
Electric, and a few others) and that the majority of applications were mostly listing
and posting.
• Computers were still very expensive in this period and it is not surprising that few
were used and that production control was performed with little black books and
what could be found in the head of the foreman (Reinfeld 1959)[12].
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 13
14. THE 1950S, 1960S, AND EARLY 1970S
• As Orlicky comments, given the information systems they had, it was the best they
could do.
• Orlicky estimated that there were approximately 150 firms using MRP-type systems
by 1970 and that this number would grow to 700 by 1975
• Part of this increase was expected by Orlicky because of the MRP Crusade mounted
by APICS in the early1970s .
• This slow evolution from the first business computer usage for inventory management
and control
• in the early 1960s to this awareness in the early 1970s was considered a major
development
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 14
15. THE 1950S, 1960S, AND EARLY 1970S
• The elements of MRP are now well known. There are bills of material,
time phasing concepts, calculating component item demand, lot sizing,
estimation of coverage, priority control, and load projections [14].
• A key concept in MRP was clearly distinguishing dependent demand
based on end item forecasts and orders from independent demand
such as that arising from component sales and service parts
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 15
16. 1970-2000
• Plossl (1973) identifies an article by Orlicky in 1965 that describes the
independent and dependent demand principle as being the breakthrough
development.
• Hoppe and Spearman (2000) provide a very good description of how MRP
works and the subsequent migration to MRP II. In MRP II, the integrated
computer system pulled together the additional functions of “demand
management, forecasting, capacity planning, master production scheduling,
rough-cut capacity planning, dispatching, and input/output control”
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 16
17. 1970-2000
• Interestingly, the basics of an integrated MRP were described and
actually implemented in the early part of the twentieth century
• This early MRP system had almost all the key features of the later
computerized systems: bill of material, routings, backward loading of
work with lead times from shipping (or required) dates, finite capacity
loading and analysis and daily updates, and was also used to provide
availability information to sales.
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 17
18. 1970-2000
• Unfortunately, the issues later commented upon by Orlicky became the
reality for the people who recognized the benefits arising from a more
integrated planning approach. To do any systemized and thorough
manufacturing control process required a great deal of dedication and effort.
This might be the reason why no other integrated MRP-type systems with a
short horizon can be found in the literature for the next 50 years – examples
or concepts.
• Knoeppel’s factory example and system description appears as an anomaly.
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 18
19. 1970-2000
• Even by 1973, Plossl (1973) was estimating that less than 1% of the
computer base was being used for manufacturing and he speculated
that there were two main reasons:
suitable applications did not exist that would actually do the job,
production and inventory control personnel did not see the need for
such a system in the first place.
The statistical order quantity or order point was being used for almost
every type of manufacturing by 1970.
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 19
20. 1970-2000
• This was not always the case. Plossl (1973) describes a version of
material requirements planning that had been done quarterly in many
firms (e.g., tool building, ship building, aircraft, locomotives, and other
heavy products)
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 20
21. REFERENCES
• [1],[2] K.N. Mckay,“ The Historical Foundations of Manufacturing “
• [3] DONALD ERLENKOTTER,“ FORD WHITMAN HARRIS AND
ECONOMIC ORDER “, vol. 38, 1990
• [4], [5] http://www.mosaicprojects.com.au/PM-History.html
• [6], [7] H. Aytug et al. / European Journal of Operational Research 161
(2005) 86–110
• [8] Hong Chan,“An Examination of some factory physics principle”,
Augest 2012
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 21
22. REFERENCES
• [9]”The principles of scientific” by Frederick Winslow Taylor, M.E.,
Sc.D. In 1911
• [10] “Operation management” by Jay Hazier
2/3/2019WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WAH 22