The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses the history and creation of C in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. It describes the basic structure of a C program including header files, function definitions, and main functions. It also summarizes C's character set, data types, keywords, operators, input/output functions, and other core elements of the C language like arrays, strings, structures, and unions.

1. Overview of “C”
By Abhinav and Aayush 1

2. History Of C Language
• The origin of C language dates back to 1972.
• Dennis M. Ritchie is the man who owns the
credit of creating the C language.
• Although created in 1972, it was standardized
in 1989 by ANSI(American National Standard
Institute). It came to be known as ANSI C.
• Some of them have even provided an
integrated development environment, more
commonly known as IDE.
By Abhinav and Aayush 2

3. Structure of a C program
Documention
File include section
Symbolic Constant Definition
Global Declaration
Main()
{
Declaration
Executable Statements
}
Function 1
{
Declaration
Executable Statement
}
Function N
Optional Section used for Decoumention and global
declarations
Compulsory Section for all Executable C program
Optional Section used to write user defined functions
By Abhinav and Aayush 3

4. Character set of C
• Letters(a To z and A To Z)
• Digits (0 ,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
• White spaces(Blank space, Form feed,
Horizontal tab, New line, vertical tab)
• Special Characters( & , ‘ * @ {} [] ^ : $ = ! / >
# < - () % . + ? “ ; _ |)
By Abhinav and Aayush 4

5. #include<stdio.h> (Keyword)
main()
{
int i_tot_cost, i_qty=12,i_cost=50;
clrscr();
i_tot_cost=i_qty*i_cost;
Printf(“Cost of %d items is %d”,i_qrt,i_cost);
return;
}
(Constant)
(Identifier)
(Operator)
(String)
(Special Character)
By Abhinav and Aayush 5

6. Keyword
Auto double int stuct
Break else long switch
Case enum register typedef
Char extern return union
Const float short unsigned
Continue for signed void
Default goto sizeof volatile
Do if static while
By Abhinav and Aayush 6

7. Constant
Numeric
Constant
Character
Symbolic
Black
Slash
(1) Integer
(2) Real
(1) Single Character
(2) String
7
Eg.-
“n”
By Abhinav and Aayush

8. Back Slash Characters
Back Slash Characters ASCII Value
0 0
a 7
b 8
t 9
n 10
f 12
* 34
By Abhinav and Aayush 8

9. Data Types
Primitive Non-Primitive
Int char float
void pointer
Array Enum
Struct
By Abhinav and Aayush 9

10. Input and Output Functions
Formatted Function
Function Used for
Scanf Input
Printf Output
unformatted Function
Function Used for
Getchar() input
Gets() input
Getc() input
Putchar() output
Putc() output
Puts() output
By Abhinav and Aayush 10

11. Input
• scanf(“string”,&address_list_of_identifiers);
• identifier name=getchar();
• identifier name=getc(stdin);
• gets(identifier name);
By Abhinav and Aayush 11

12. Output
Printf(“message string”);
Putchar(“a”);
putc(“a”);
puts(“identifier name”);
By Abhinav and Aayush 12

13. Operator
Arithmetic
Assignment
Relation
Increment/Decrement
Conditional
Logical
Bitwise
Special
By Abhinav and Aayush 13

14. Arithmetic Operators
+ Addition operator
- Subtraction operator
• Multiplication operator
/ Division operator
% Module operator
By Abhinav and Aayush 14

15. Assignment Operators
Identifier A0p=constant value;
Ex-
Area=(base * height)/2;
Roll_no=14;
By Abhinav and Aayush 15

16. Relational Operators
== Equal to
!= Not Equal to
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than Equal to
<= Less than Equal to
By Abhinav and Aayush 16

17. Increment and Decrement Operators
++identifier or identifier++
--identifier or identifier—
By Abhinav and Aayush 17

18. Condition
(condition) ? (true statement) : (false statement)
Ex-i_
minimum=(i_num1<=i_num2)?(i_num1):(i_num2);
Printf(“the min value of the two is %d”,i_minimum);
By Abhinav and Aayush 18

19. Logical Operators
&& Logical AND
|| Logical Or
! Logical NOT
By Abhinav and Aayush 19

20. Bitwise Operators
& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
~ Bitwise NOT
^ Bitwise Exclusive OR
By Abhinav and Aayush 20

21. Special Operators
• Category Symbol
• Sizeof sizeof()
• Pointer & , *
• Member Selection . , ->
By Abhinav and Aayush 21

22. If Statement
if(test condition)
Action statement;
If-else Statement
if(test condition)
{
True action statement;
}
else
{
False action statement;
}
By Abhinav and Aayush 22

23. Switch
Switch(expression)
{
Case v1:
Action block 1;
break;
-
-
Case value N :
Action block N;
Break;
Default :
Action block;
Break;
} By Abhinav and Aayush 23

24. For loop
For(initiailization; condition;increment)
{
Action block;
}
while loop
While(test condition)
Action block;
By Abhinav and Aayush 24

25. Do while
Do
{
Action block;
}
While(test condition);
By Abhinav and Aayush 25

26. Goto
goto label;
By Abhinav and Aayush 26

27. Types of function
• Function with no parameter and no return
value
• Function with no parameter and return value
• Function with parameter and return value
• Function with parameter and no return value
By Abhinav and Aayush 27

28. Steps of function
• Function declaration( above main function)
• Function call(in the main function)
• Function definition( below main function)
By Abhinav and Aayush 28

29. Call by value
Function call time passing value it is called “call
by value”.
C=add(a,b)
Call by reference
Function call time passing address it is called
“call by reference”.
C=add(&a,&b)
By Abhinav and Aayush 29

30. Types of array
• Single-dimensional array
• Two-dimensional array
• Multi-dimensional array
By Abhinav and Aayush 30

31. Single-dimensional array
If an array has only one dimensional, it is call
Single-dimensional array
Syntax-
Type arrayname[size];
Ex-
Int a[5];
By Abhinav and Aayush 31

32. Two-dimensional array
If an array has only two dimensional, it is call
two-dimensional array
Syntax-
Type arrayname[size] [size] [size];
Ex-
Int [5][5];
By Abhinav and Aayush 32

33. Multi-dimensional array
If an array has two or more dimensional it is call
multi-dimensional array
Syntax-
Type arrayname[size] [size] [size];
Exp-
Int [5][5][2];
By Abhinav and Aayush 33

34. String
One or more character are called string.
Syntax
Data type string name[size];
Ex-
Char name[10];
By Abhinav and Aayush 34

35. Type of string
• Strcat()-join two string
• Strcpy()-one string copy to another
• Strcmp()-comparison two strings.
• Strlen()-length
By Abhinav and Aayush 35

36. Strcat()
S1=abc S2=def
S3=strcat(S1,S2);
abcdef
Strcpy()
S1=abc S2=def
S3=strcpy(S1,S2);
def
By Abhinav and Aayush 36

37. Strcmp()
S1=abc S2=xaz
S3=strcmp(S1,S2)
a
Strlen()
S1=tbs
n=strlen(S1);
n=3
By Abhinav and Aayush 37

38. Structure
• Structure is user define data type it is used to
collection of deffertent data item in single location.
Syntax-
Struct structure name
{
Data item 1
--
--
}
By Abhinav and Aayush 38

39. Union
Union are same to Structure. One different
between structure and union. Structure
member’s memory allocate every member but
union have only one member’s memory
allocate.
By Abhinav and Aayush 39

40. By Abhinav and Aayush 40

41. Thank You
By Abhinav and Aayush 41