1.List Testing methods of Circuit Breaker, Explain type test and routine test & maintenance.
2.List & Explain Testing methods of CT’s & PT’s and Maintenance of Relays
3.Explain Substation Earthing (Solid, Resistance and Reactance Earthing), - Neutral Earthing-Importance and types -Explain Principle and applications Peterson coil.
Network analysis and synthesis question and answer...Manash Deka
Here is a upload of a set of short questions and answers from the subject Network Analysis and Synthesis mainly necessary for Electrical Engineering and Electronics Engineering.
1.List Testing methods of Circuit Breaker, Explain type test and routine test & maintenance.
2.List & Explain Testing methods of CT’s & PT’s and Maintenance of Relays
3.Explain Substation Earthing (Solid, Resistance and Reactance Earthing), - Neutral Earthing-Importance and types -Explain Principle and applications Peterson coil.
Network analysis and synthesis question and answer...Manash Deka
Here is a upload of a set of short questions and answers from the subject Network Analysis and Synthesis mainly necessary for Electrical Engineering and Electronics Engineering.
TYPES OF PLACEMENT,GOOD PLACEMENT VS. BAD PLACEMENT ,ALGORITHMS, ASIC DESIGN FLOW DIAGRAM,DEFINITION OF PLACEMENT,TECHNIQUES USED FOR PLACEMENT,PLACEMENT TRENDS,SOLUTIONS
# Thermal Engineering by rk rajput...
# This E-book includes (29 chapters + index + Contents) with no hidden pages...
# sorry for any insufficiency hope to like...
The DC motor is operated by a 555 integrated circuit. The IC 555 in this circuit is being operated in astable mode, which produces a continuous HIGH and LOW pulses. In this mode, the 555 IC can be used as a pulse width modulator with a few small adjustments to the circuit.
In the modern power system the reactive power compensation is one of the main issues, the transmission of active power requires a difference in angular phase between voltages at the sending and receiving points (which is feasible within wide limits), whereas the transmission of reactive power requires a difference in magnitude of these same voltages (which is feasible only within very narrow limits). The reactive power is consumed not only by most of the network elements, but also by most of the consumer loads, so it must be supplied somewhere. If we can't transmit it very easily, then it ought to be generated where it is needed." (Reference Edited by T. J. E. Miller, Forward Page ix).Thus we need to work on the efficient methods by which VAR compensation can be applied easily and we can optimize the modern power system. VAR control technique can provides appropriate placement of compensation devices by which a desirable voltage profile can be achieved and at the same time minimizing the power losses in the system. This report discusses the transmission line requirements for reactive power compensation. In this report thyristor switched capacitor is explained which is a static VAR compensator used for reactive power management in electrical systems.
Seminar Topic For Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
System on Chip is a an IC that integrates all the components of an electronic system. This presentation is based on the current trends and challenges in the IP based SOC design.
In the world of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), the Physical Design process plays a crucial role in transforming a logical design into a physical layout that can be manufactured. Among the various steps involved in the Physical Design flow, Place and Route (PnR) stand out as a critical phase. PnR consists in placing the different components of a design on a chip and routing the connections between them. In this article, we will delve into the PnR flow, exploring its key steps, challenges, and the tools involved.
1. Partitioning:
Partitioning is a preliminary step in the PnR flow that divides the design into manageable blocks or modules based on functionality, hierarchy, or timing constraints. It enables parallel processing during subsequent steps and facilitates easier placement and routing. Partitioning algorithms aim to balance the workload across partitions and minimize inter-partition communication.
2. Floorplanning:
Floorplanning is a critical aspect of the placement process, defining the overall chip's top-level structure and organizing the different functional blocks. It involves allocating space for each block, determining their relative positions, and defining the placement regions. Effective floorplanning ensures proper utilization of available chip areas, reduces congestion, and facilitates efficient routing.
3. Power Planning:
Power planning focuses on distributing power supply and ensuring a stable power delivery network throughout the chip. It involves inserting power distribution networks, decoupling capacitors, and voltage regulators to minimize voltage drop, signal noise, and power supply fluctuations. Power planning techniques aim to optimize power grid layout, reduce IR drop, and mitigate electromigration issues.
4. Placement:
Placement is the first step in the PnR flow and involves determining the optimal location for each logic component on the chip. The primary objective of placement is to minimize wire length, power consumption, and timing delays while adhering to various constraints such as blockages, power grid, and signal integrity.
5. Clock Tree Synthesis (CTS):
Clock Tree Synthesis is a crucial step in PnR flow that ensures the efficient distribution of clock signals to all sequential elements of the design. CTS aims to minimize clock skew, and power dissipation, and provide a balanced clock network. CTS algorithms construct a tree-like structure by inserting buffers and optimizing wire length to achieve reliable clock distribution.
6. Routing:
6.1 Global Routing:
Once the placement is complete, the next step is global routing, which establishes the connections between the placed components. Global routing generates a coarse routing structure using minimum spanning trees, maze routing, or other algorithms. It focuses on achieving reasonable wirelength and reducing congestion without considering the precise details of the interconnects.
TYPES OF PLACEMENT,GOOD PLACEMENT VS. BAD PLACEMENT ,ALGORITHMS, ASIC DESIGN FLOW DIAGRAM,DEFINITION OF PLACEMENT,TECHNIQUES USED FOR PLACEMENT,PLACEMENT TRENDS,SOLUTIONS
# Thermal Engineering by rk rajput...
# This E-book includes (29 chapters + index + Contents) with no hidden pages...
# sorry for any insufficiency hope to like...
The DC motor is operated by a 555 integrated circuit. The IC 555 in this circuit is being operated in astable mode, which produces a continuous HIGH and LOW pulses. In this mode, the 555 IC can be used as a pulse width modulator with a few small adjustments to the circuit.
In the modern power system the reactive power compensation is one of the main issues, the transmission of active power requires a difference in angular phase between voltages at the sending and receiving points (which is feasible within wide limits), whereas the transmission of reactive power requires a difference in magnitude of these same voltages (which is feasible only within very narrow limits). The reactive power is consumed not only by most of the network elements, but also by most of the consumer loads, so it must be supplied somewhere. If we can't transmit it very easily, then it ought to be generated where it is needed." (Reference Edited by T. J. E. Miller, Forward Page ix).Thus we need to work on the efficient methods by which VAR compensation can be applied easily and we can optimize the modern power system. VAR control technique can provides appropriate placement of compensation devices by which a desirable voltage profile can be achieved and at the same time minimizing the power losses in the system. This report discusses the transmission line requirements for reactive power compensation. In this report thyristor switched capacitor is explained which is a static VAR compensator used for reactive power management in electrical systems.
Seminar Topic For Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
System on Chip is a an IC that integrates all the components of an electronic system. This presentation is based on the current trends and challenges in the IP based SOC design.
In the world of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), the Physical Design process plays a crucial role in transforming a logical design into a physical layout that can be manufactured. Among the various steps involved in the Physical Design flow, Place and Route (PnR) stand out as a critical phase. PnR consists in placing the different components of a design on a chip and routing the connections between them. In this article, we will delve into the PnR flow, exploring its key steps, challenges, and the tools involved.
1. Partitioning:
Partitioning is a preliminary step in the PnR flow that divides the design into manageable blocks or modules based on functionality, hierarchy, or timing constraints. It enables parallel processing during subsequent steps and facilitates easier placement and routing. Partitioning algorithms aim to balance the workload across partitions and minimize inter-partition communication.
2. Floorplanning:
Floorplanning is a critical aspect of the placement process, defining the overall chip's top-level structure and organizing the different functional blocks. It involves allocating space for each block, determining their relative positions, and defining the placement regions. Effective floorplanning ensures proper utilization of available chip areas, reduces congestion, and facilitates efficient routing.
3. Power Planning:
Power planning focuses on distributing power supply and ensuring a stable power delivery network throughout the chip. It involves inserting power distribution networks, decoupling capacitors, and voltage regulators to minimize voltage drop, signal noise, and power supply fluctuations. Power planning techniques aim to optimize power grid layout, reduce IR drop, and mitigate electromigration issues.
4. Placement:
Placement is the first step in the PnR flow and involves determining the optimal location for each logic component on the chip. The primary objective of placement is to minimize wire length, power consumption, and timing delays while adhering to various constraints such as blockages, power grid, and signal integrity.
5. Clock Tree Synthesis (CTS):
Clock Tree Synthesis is a crucial step in PnR flow that ensures the efficient distribution of clock signals to all sequential elements of the design. CTS aims to minimize clock skew, and power dissipation, and provide a balanced clock network. CTS algorithms construct a tree-like structure by inserting buffers and optimizing wire length to achieve reliable clock distribution.
6. Routing:
6.1 Global Routing:
Once the placement is complete, the next step is global routing, which establishes the connections between the placed components. Global routing generates a coarse routing structure using minimum spanning trees, maze routing, or other algorithms. It focuses on achieving reasonable wirelength and reducing congestion without considering the precise details of the interconnects.
HVDC lines:
• Interconnection between different frequency power networks.
• Lower losses through long distances (>600-800km).
• Best economic solution for submarine cables >80km.
• Instant and precise control of the power flow (mostly when IGBTs are used).
• Lower visual impact and less space requirements for DC towers compared to AC towers.
• Grid access for renewable resources.
Since the loads having the trends towards growing density. This requires the better appearance, rugged construction, greater service reliability and increased safety. An underground cable essentially consists of one or more conductors covered with suitable insulation and surrounded by a protecting cover. The interference from external disturbances like storms, lightening, ice, trees etc. should be reduced to achieve trouble free service. The cables may be buried directly in the ground, or may be installed in ducts buried in the ground.
This is the simple ppt explaining about the main components of the power systems. especially we are determining the insulators and its types with real time pictures which are attractive,
