There are many states of matter beyond the standard three, including plasma, supercritical fluids, and various types of degenerate matter. Degenerate matter exists under extremely high pressure and its behavior is governed by the Pauli exclusion principle. Specific examples of degenerate matter include electron-degenerate matter found in white dwarf stars and neutron degenerate matter found in neutron stars. Other exotic states include Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductivity, superfluids, supersolids, and time crystals.
lectures for students in GCSE .explaining particles and purification method.It explains Matter, state of matter,changing state,diffusion ,brownian motion,appartus used in chemistry and their use
The fascinating phenomenon of superconductivity and its potential applications have attracted the attention of scientists, engineers and businessmen.
Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, as he studied the properties of metals at low temperatures.
lectures for students in GCSE .explaining particles and purification method.It explains Matter, state of matter,changing state,diffusion ,brownian motion,appartus used in chemistry and their use
The fascinating phenomenon of superconductivity and its potential applications have attracted the attention of scientists, engineers and businessmen.
Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, as he studied the properties of metals at low temperatures.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. THERE ARE MANY STATES OF MATTER…;
• PLASMA
• SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
• DEGENERATE MATTER
• ELECTRON-DEGENERATE MATTER
• NEUTRON DEGENERATE MATTER
• STRANGE MATTER
• QUANTUM SPIN HALL STATE
• BOSE EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
• FERMIONIC CONDENSATE
• SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
• SUPERFLUID
• SUPERSOLID
• QUANTUM SPIN LIQUID
• STRING NET LIQUID
• TIME CRYSTALS
• RYDBERG POLARON
• BLACK SUPERIONIC ICE
3. PLASMA
• FREE CHARGED PARTICLES, USUALLY IN EQUAL NUMBERS, SUCH AS IONS
AND ELECTRONS. UNLIKE GASES, PLASMA MAY SELF-GENERATE
MAGNETIC FIELDS AND ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND RESPOND STRONGLY
AND COLLECTIVELY TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCES. PLASMA IS VERY
UNCOMMON ON EARTH (EXCEPT FOR THE IONOSPHERE), ALTHOUGH IT IS
THE MOST COMMON STATE OF MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE.
4. SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
AT SUFFICIENTLY HIGH TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES, THE
DISTINCTION BETWEEN LIQUID AND GAS DISAPPEARS. BUT BELOW THE
PRESSURE REQUIRED TO COMPRESS INTO A SOLID.
5. DEGENERATE MATTER
• MATTER UNDER VERY HIGH PRESSURE, SUPPORTED BY THE PAULI
EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE.
• PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE..
NO TWO ELECTRONS IN THE SAME ATOM CAN HAVE IDENTICAL VALUES FOR
ALL FOUR OF THEIR QUANTUM NUMBERS.
6. ELECTRON DEGENERATE MATTER
• FOUND INSIDE WHITE DWARF STARS. ELECTRONS REMAIN BOUND TO ATOMS
BUT CAN TRANSFER TO ADJACENT ATOMS.
7. NEUTRON DEGENERATE MATTER
• FOUND IN NEUTRON STARS. VAST GRAVITATIONAL PRESSURE COMPRESSES
ATOMS SO STRONGLY THAT THE ELECTRONS ARE FORCED TO COMBINE WITH
PROTONS VIA INVERSE BETA DECAY, RESULTING IN A SUPER DENSE
CONGLOMERATION OF NEUTRONS. (NORMALLY FREE NEUTRONS OUTSIDE AN
ATOMIC NUCLEUS WILL DECAY WITH A HALF-LIFE OF JUST UNDER FIFTEEN
MINUTES, BUT IN A NEUTRON STAR, AS IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM, OTHER
EFFECTS STABILIZE THE NEUTRONS.)
8. STRANGE MATTER
• A TYPE OF QUARK MATTER THAT MAY EXIST INSIDE SOME NEUTRON STARS
CLOSE TO THE TOLMAN–OPPENHEIMER–VOLKOFF LIMIT (APPROXIMATELY 2–
3 SOLAR MASSES). MAY BE STABLE AT LOWER ENERGY STATES ONCE
FORMED.
9. QUANTUM SPIN HALL STATE
• A THEORETICAL PHASE THAT MAY PAVE THE WAY FOR DEVELOPING
ELECTRONIC DEVICES THAT DISSIPATE LESS ENERGY AND GENERATE LESS
HEAT. THIS IS A DERIVATION OF THE QUANTUM HALL STATE OF MATTER.
10. BOSE EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
• A PHASE IN WHICH A LARGE NUMBER OF BOSONS ALL INHABIT THE
SAME QUANTUM STATE, IN EFFECT BECOMING ONE SINGLE WAVE/PARTICLE.
THIS IS A LOW-ENERGY PHASE THAT CAN ONLY BE FORMED IN LABORATORY
CONDITIONS AND AT VERY LOW TEMPERATURES. IT MUST BE CLOSE TO ZERO
KELVIN, OR ABSOLUTE ZERO. SATYENDRA NATH BOSE AND ALBERT
EINSTEIN PREDICTED THE EXISTENCE OF SUCH A STATE IN THE 1920S, BUT IT
WAS NOT OBSERVED UNTIL 1995 BY ERIC CORNELL AND CARL WIEMAN.
11. FERMIONIC CONDENSATE
• SIMILAR TO THE BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE BUT COMPOSED OF FERMIONS,
ALSO KNOWN AS FERMI-DIRAC CONDENSATE. THE PAULI EXCLUSION
PRINCIPLE PREVENTS FERMIONS FROM ENTERING THE SAME QUANTUM
STATE, BUT A PAIR OF FERMIONS CAN BEHAVE LIKE A BOSON, AND MULTIPLE
SUCH PAIRS CAN THEN ENTER THE SAME QUANTUM STATE WITHOUT
RESTRICTION.
12. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
• IT IS A PHENOMENON OF EXACTLY ZERO ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE AND
EXPULSION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS OCCURRING IN CERTAIN MATERIALS
WHEN COOLED BELOW A CHARACTERISTIC CRITICAL TEMPERATURE.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IS THE GROUND STATE OF MANY ELEMENTAL METALS.
13. SUPERFLUID
• A PHASE ACHIEVED BY A FEW CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS AT EXTREME
TEMPERATURE AT WHICH THEY BECOME ABLE TO FLOW WITHOUT FRICTION. A
SUPERFLUID CAN FLOW UP THE SIDE OF AN OPEN CONTAINER AND DOWN THE
OUTSIDE. PLACING A SUPERFLUID IN A SPINNING CONTAINER WILL RESULT
IN QUANTIZED VORTICES.
14. SUPERSOLID
• SIMILAR TO A SUPERFLUID, A SUPER SOLID CAN MOVE WITHOUT FRICTION BUT
RETAINS A RIGID SHAPE.
15. QUANTUM SPIN LIQUID
• A DISORDERED STATE IN A SYSTEM OF INTERACTING QUANTUM SPINS WHICH
PRESERVES ITS DISORDER TO SHALLOW TEMPERATURES, UNLIKE OTHER
DISORDERED STATES.
16. STRING NET LIQUID
• ATOMS IN THIS STATE HAVE UNSTABLE ARRANGEMENTS, LIKE A LIQUID, BUT
ARE STILL CONSISTENT IN THE OVERALL PATTERN, LIKE A SOLID.
17. TIME CRYSTALS
• A STATE OF MATTER WHERE AN OBJECT CAN HAVE MOVEMENT EVEN AT ITS
LOWEST ENERGY STATE.
18. RYDBERG POLARON
• A STATE OF MATTER THAT CAN ONLY EXIST AT ULTRA-LOW TEMPERATURES
AND CONSISTS OF ATOMS INSIDE OF ATOMS.
19. BLACK SUPERIONIC ICE
• A STATE OF MATTER THAT CAN EXIST UNDER VERY HIGH PRESSURE WHILE
EXCITED BY SUPER LASERS.