Orthotics and prosthetics are devices used to support or replace limbs and portions of the body. Orthotics are used for prevention or correction of deformities, control of instability, weight relief, and pain relief. Common orthotics include ankle foot orthotics, knee braces, and spinal braces. Prosthetics replace missing limbs. They restore function by enabling weight bearing and mobility. An ideal orthotic or prosthetic is functional, fits well, is light in weight, easy to use, cosmetically acceptable, and can be easily maintained and repaired locally.

1. Orthotics & Prosthetics
Dr Munir Saadeddin

6. Orthotics = Calipers
 Traditionally calipers
were the most known
form of orthosis
 Caliper is a device
which is applied to
lower limb to give
support or control a
joint

11. Prevention of Deformity : AFO

12. Prevention of deformity :
Drop Wrist In Radial N Palsy
 Seen in fractures
junction of mid and
lower 1/3rd humerus
 Radial N palsy makes
loss of wrist and MCP
joints dorsiflexion
 Nerve function
recovers with passage
of time (if not cut)
 Prevention of deformity
is important

13. Dynamic wrist splint = Wrist & MCP
Joints Orthosis in Radial N Palsy

14. Prevention of Deformity in
Brachial plexus Palsy
 Brachial Plexus Palsy
usually leads to loss of
shoulder Abduction and
External Rotation
 If not treated it leads to
Adduction & Internal
Rotation deformity
(taking a tip position)
 Abduction Orthosis is
used to prevent this
deformity

15. Prevention of Deformity in
Brachial Plexus Palsy
 Brachial Plexus injury is
usually a stretching injury
 Shoulder should be
splinted in functional
position awaiting nerve
recovery
 Also Active and Passive
exercises and electrical
nerve stimulation should
be done

17. Correction of Deformity : Foot
Orthosis= Shoe Raise& Heel Cup
 Shoe Raise is a
simple orthosis which
corrects limb length
asymmetry
 Heel cups inserted
into shoes may
prevent development
of varus or valgus
heel deformity

18. Correction Of Deformity : Spinal
orthosis
 Are used in deformities in excess of 25
degrees of cob’s angle
 Are used in Growing individuals
 To be effective they have to be used for
23 hours daily
 They have to be used till bone growth
cease

19. Spinal Orthosis
 Many types :
 Can be Rigid or Semi-Rigid
 Most comprehensive form is Milwaukee
Brace= Cervico- Dorso - Lumbosacral
Orthosis
 Boston brace or Jewett brace is a type
of rigid Dorso-lumbosacral orthosis

20. Spinal Orthosis = DLS
 May be concealed
under the clothes
 Can control deformities
or injuries at lumbar
spine as well as dorsal
spine up to level D6
 Can control scoliotic or
kyphotic deformities

21. Spinal Orthosis = CDLS
 Milwaukee brace

23. Correction of Deformity :
Clubfoot

24. Maintenance of Correction of
Deformity: Clubfoot Orthosis
 Plaster of Paris is a type
of Temporary Orthosis
following surgical
correction of clubfoot
 Later it is replaced by
backslap foot-ankle
orthosis or Dennis brown
night boots

25. Maintenance of Correction of
Deformity: Dennis-Brown night boots
 They are used to
maintain correction
AT NIGHT following
surgical correction
and removal of
Plaster of Paris
 Once the child is
walking his body
weight will maintain
correction

27. Instability control :
Knee Orthosis
 Knee Orthosis is a knee
brace which controls of
knee instability following
Ligaments injuries like
collateral ligaments or
cruciate ligaments
 They stop lateral
instability and control
knee movements
between certain
degrees

28. Weight relief function of
Orthosis: e.g. Perth's disease

29. Weight Relief function of
Orthosis : Thomas Splint
 It is an orthosis which
transmits the weight
from the ground to
Ischial Tuberosity (so
weight is relived from
affecting the hip
 In Perth's disease a
similar orthosis has to
be used for up to 2
years

30. Weight relief function of
Orthosis
 Weight relief Foot-Ankle
orthosis may be used
following comminuted
fractures of lower tibia
( Pylon Fractures)
 Weight is transmitted
from the ground to
patellar tendon and
upper flare of tibia

31. Pain Relief function of Orthosis
 Lumbar corset, Lumbar
brace or soft, semi-rigid
or rigid Lumbar or
Lumbo sacral orthosis is
commonly used for
acute pain or following
injury

32. Pain relief Function of orthosis=
Cervical collar or Cervical Orthosis

33. Functions Of orthosis:
Facilitates Mobilisation
 Paralysed or weak
limbs Will be able to
support weight
bearing if fitted with
suitable orthosis
 This is very important
in cases of Polio or
other paralytic
disorders

34. Functions of orthosis:
Facilitates mobilisation
 Paraplegic patients
may be able to
mobilise if fitted with
adequate Orthosis
and received the
necessary training

35. Functions of Prosthesis
 Restores function (Weight Bearing)
 Restores Shape ( Cosmetic )

36. Stump
 Is the part of the limb
remaining following
amputation
 Weight bearing is
normally NOT at the
end of the stump

37. Stump
 In Above Knee
amputation weight
bearing is at Ischial
Tuberosity
 In Below Knee
amputation weight
bearing is at Patellar
Tendon and upper
flare of tibia

38. The Socket
 The socket is the
immediate part the
stump has to be
placed
 It is usually made of
plastic material and
padded at pressure
points
 A venting opening is
made at the end to
ease getting stump in

39. Lower Limb Prosthesis
 May be Below knee or
Above knee
 It consists of the socket
and the additional part
 Picture shows above
knee artificial limb
( Above Knee
Prosthesis)
 Weight bearing is at the
Ischial Tuberosity

40. Ideal Orthosis / Prosthesis
Functional
Fits well
Light in weight
Easy to use
Cosmetically acceptable
Easily maintained/repaired
Ideally locally manufactured